PhD
Chief researcher
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Adjunct Professor in Public Health
Email: taina.leinonen@ttl.fi
X: @taina_leinonen
Research interests
I am a social scientist with specialization in demography. I use large register-based data and quantitative methods to study work disability, health and labour market participation. My research focuses on socio-demographic differences, trends and the effectiveness of interventions within the social security system to promote work participation such as the use of partial work disability benefits and vocational rehabilitation and training.
Projects
Life course and economic implications of demographic change (LIFECON)
Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research (EPHOR)
Partial work disability and the length of working careers [site in Finnish]
Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts (OMEGA-NET)
To what extent are work disability and exit from work preventable?
Publications
2025
Hasting RL, Oude Hengel KM, Leinonen T, Bültmann U, Mehlum IS, Burdorf A, Turner MC, Salonen L, McElvenny DM, Solovieva S. Mapping dynamic working life patterns and the impact of occupational exposures: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2025;25:2322.
Undem K, Leinonen T, Falkstedt D, Johansson G, Pedersen J, Viikari-Juntura E, Mehlum IS, Solovieva S. Occupational differences in working life expectancy and working years lost in Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health, published online 03 Jul 2025.
Wallius M-A, Kouvonen A, Ervasti J, Leinonen T, Airaksinen J, Lallukka T. Are changes in perceived physical workload and strenuousness of work among partial disability pensioners associated with full disability pension? Scand J Public Health, published online.
2024
Junna L, Leinonen T. Elinaika pitenee: kuinka paljon siitä ollaan työssä? Työeläke 04/2024.
Junna L, Tarkiainen L, Leinonen T, Korhonen K, Martikainen P. Trends in working life expectancy by education and occupational social class in Finland, 1991–2020. Finnish Centre for Pensions, Analyses 04/2024.
Solovieva S, de Wind A, Undem K, Dudel C, Mehlum IS, van den Heuvel SG, Robroek SJW, Leinonen T. Socioeconomic differences in working life expectancy: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024;24:735.
Wallius M-A, Kouvonen A, Ervasti J, Leinonen T, Remes J, Lallukka T. Osatyökyvyttömyyseläkeläisten fyysinen työkuormitus ja kuormitustekijöiden yhteys täydelle työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtymiseen – Rekisteri- ja kyselytietoa yhdistävä tutkimus. Kuntoutus 2024;47(2):5–17.
Wallius M-A, Lallukka T, Leinonen T, Remes J, Ervasti J. Level of and changes in perceived work ability among partial disability pensioners and the risk of full disability pension––A register-linked cohort study. J Occup Rehabil 2024;34:707–15.
Wallius M-A, Leinonen T, Airaksinen J, Kouvonen A, Lallukka T, Ervasti J. Osatyökyvyttömyyseläke työssä jatkamisen mahdollistajana. Helsinki: Työterveyslaitos, 2024.
2023
Hartikainen E, Salonen L, Solovieva S, Blomgren J, Böckerman P, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T. Labour market trajectories after part-time sickness absence: a nationwide cohort study from Finland. BMJ Open 2023;13:e075584.
Hartikainen E, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T. Working life expectancy and working years lost among users of part- and full-time sickness absence in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023:49:23–32.
Korhonen K, Leinonen T, Tarkiainen L, Einiö E, Martikainen P. Childhood socio-economic circumstances and dementia: prospective register-based cohort study of adulthood socio-economic and cardiovascular health mediators. Int J Epidemiol 2023;52:523–35.
Leinonen T, Hartikainen E, Salonen L, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. Osatyökyvyttömyys ja työurien pituus yksityisellä ja julkisella sektorilla. Helsinki: Työterveyslaitos, 2023.
Salonen L, Hartikainen E, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T. Contribution of compositional changes in the workforce to sickness absence trends in Finland. SSM Popul Health 2023;24:101525.
Salonen L, Solovieva S, Kauhanen A, Hartikainen E, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T. Does previous sickness absence affect work participation after vocational labour market training? A difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach. Eur J Public Health 2023;33:1071–9.
2022
Hartikainen E, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T. Associations of employment sector and occupational exposures with full and part-time sickness absence: random and fixed effects analyses on panel data. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022;48:148–57.
Hasselhorn HM, Leinonen T, Bültmann U, Mehlum IS, du Prel J-B, Kiran S, Majery N, Solovieva S, de Wind A. The differentiated roles of health in the transition from work to retirement – conceptual and methodological challenges and avenues for future research. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022;48:312–21.
Korhonen K, Tarkiainen L, Leinonen T, Einiö E, Martikainen P. Association between a history of clinical depression and dementia, and the role of sociodemographic factors: Population-based cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2022;221:410–6.
Laaksonen M, Elovainio M, Kainulainen S, Leinonen T, Jääskeläinen T, Rissanen H, Koskinen S. Changes in healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies among older working-age people in Finland, 2000–2017. European J Public Health 2022;32:729–34.
Leinonen T, Boets I, Pletea E, Vandenbroeck S, Mehlum IS, Hasselhorn HM, de Wind A. A conceptual framework addressing the complex labour market dynamics of the work-to-retirement process. Eur J Ageing 2022;19:1631–7.
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Solovieva S. Has the share of the working life expectancy that is spent receiving a partial or full disability pension changed in Finland over the period 2005–2018? A longitudinal register-based study. BMJ Open 2022;12:e061085.
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Solovieva S. Työajanodotteet ja menetetyt työvuodet yleisessä väestössä ja eri toimialoilla vuosina 2010, 2013 ja 2016. Työpoliittinen aikakauskirja 2/2022:10–22.
Ose SO, Kaspersen SL, Leinonen T, Verstappen S, de Rijk A, Spasova S, Hultqvist S, Nørup I, Pálsson JR, Blume A, Paternoga M, Kalseth J. Follow-up regimes for sick-listed employees: a comparison of nine north-western European countries. Health Policy 2022;126:619–31.
Solovieva S, Undem K, Falkstedt D, Johansson G, Kristensen P, Pedersen J, Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T, Mehlum IS. Utilizing a Nordic crosswalk for occupational coding in an analysis on occupation-specific prolonged sickness absence among 7 million employees in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:15674.
Undem K, Leinonen T, Kristensen P, Merkus SL, Hasting RL, Gran JM, Mehlum IS. Gender differences in associations between biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures and age of withdrawal from paid employment among older workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:10563.
2021
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Räisänen H, Sundvall S, Kauhanen A, Solovieva S. Does work disability contribute to trajectories of work participation before and after vocational labour market training for job seekers? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:1347.
Schram JLD, Solovieva S, Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Burdorf A, Robroek SJW. The influence of occupational class and physical workload on working life expectancy among older employees. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021;47:5–14.
2020
Alasalmi J, Busk H, Kauhanen A, Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Valkonen T, Viikari-Juntura E. Työpolitiikka ja työllisyysaste: tutkimukseen perustuvia johtopäätöksiä. Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja 2020:33.
Bodin T, Çağlayan C, Garde AH, Gnesi M, Jonsson J, Kiran S, Kreshpaj B, Leinonen T, Mehlum IS, Nena E, Orellana C, Peckham T, Seixas N, Vanroelen C, Julià M. Precarious employment in occupational health – an OMEGA-NET working group position paper. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020;46:321–9.
Halonen JI, Chandola T, Hyde M, Leinonen T, Westerlund H, Aalto V, Pentti J, Laaksonen M, Stenholm S, Mänty M, Vahtera J, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Lallukka T. Psychotropic medication before and after disability retirement by pre-retirement perceived work-related stress. Eur J Public Health 2020;30:158–63.
Hu Y, Leinonen T, Myrskylä M, Martikainen P. Changes in socioeconomic differences in hospital days with increasing age: cumulative disadvantage, age-as-leveler, or both? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020;75:1336–47.
Korhonen K, Einiö E, Leinonen T, Tarkiainen L, Martikainen P. Midlife socioeconomic position and old-age dementia mortality: a large prospective register-based study from Finland. BMJ Open 2020;10:e033234.
Leinonen T, Chandola T, Laaksonen M, Martikainen P. Socio-economic differences in retirement timing and participation in post-retirement employment in a context of a flexible pension age. Ageing & Society 2020:40:348–68.
Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Blomgren J, Laaksonen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Osatyökyvyttömyysetuuksien käyttö yksityisen ja julkisen sektorin palkansaajilla vuosina 2007–2017. Työpoliittinen aikakauskirja 4/2020:38–55.
Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Laaksonen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Työeläkekuntoutukseen osallistumisen vaikutus työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtymiseen. Aikakauskirja Duodecim 2020:136:2173–82.
Solovieva S, Leinonen T, Leivategija T, Viikari-Juntura E. Systematic analysis of the effect of common non-communicable diseases on work participation in Finland: Potential of work-targeted interventions. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 2020.
2019
Hu Y, Leinonen T, van Hedel K, Myrskylä M, Martikainen P. The relationship between living arrangements and higher use of hospital care at middle and older ages: to what extent do observed and unobserved individual characteristics explain this association? BMC Public Health 2019;19:1011.
Kauhanen A, Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. Aikuiskoulutustuen ja työeläkekuntoutuksen vaikuttavuus. Talous ja yhteiskunta 2/2019:10–5.
Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Laaksonen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Do individual and work-related factors differentiate work participation trajectories before and after vocational rehabilitation? PLoS ONE 2019;14:e0212498.
Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. Hyvä työhön paluun tulos ei kerro työeläkekuntoutuksen vaikuttavuudesta. Työterveyslääkäri 3/2019:19–22.
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Juvonen-Posti P, Laaksonen M, Solovieva S. The effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation on work participation: a propensity score matched analysis using nationwide register data. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019;45:651–60.
Solovieva S, Leinonen T, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Kauhanen A, Vanhala P, Asplund R, Viikari-Juntura E. Controlling for structural changes in the workforce influenced occupational class differences in disability retirement trends. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16:1523.
Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T, Virta LJ, Hiljanen I, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Autti-Rämö I, Rissanen P, Burdorf A, Solovieva S. Early part-time sick leave results in considerable savings in social security costs at national level: an analysis based on a quasi-experiment in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019;45:203–8.
2018
Korhonen K, Einiö E, Leinonen T, Tarkiainen L, Martikainen P. Time-varying effects of socio-demographic and economic factors on the use of institutional long-term care before dementia-related death: a Finnish register-based study. PLoS ONE 2018;13:e0199551.
Leinonen T, Martikainen P, Myrskylä M. Working life and retirement expectancies at age 50 by social class: period and cohort trends and projections for Finland. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018;73:302–13.
Leinonen T, Solovieva S, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Virta LJ, Laaksonen M, Autti-Rämö I, Viikari-Juntura E. Julkisen ja yksityisen sektorin välinen ero sairauspoissaoloissa on säilynyt väestötasolla mutta pienentynyt sote-alalla. Aikakauskirja Duodecim 2018;134:1738–48.
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Solovieva S. Cause-specific sickness absence trends by occupational class and industrial sector in the context of recent labour market changes: a Finnish panel data study. BMJ Open 2018;8:e019822.
Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Virta LJ, Laaksonen M, Autti-Rämö I, Solovieva S. Labour market segregation and gender differences in sickness absence: trends in 2005–2013 in Finland. Ann Work Expo Health 2018;62:438–49.
Mäki N, Leinonen T, Martikainen P. Työttömyys ja sairastavuus. Teoksessa Michelsen T ym. (toim.). Työelämän perustietoa. Helsinki: Duodecim, 2018:403–16.
Paljärvi T, Martikainen P, Leinonen T, Vuori E, Mäkelä P. Purchases of prescription drugs before an alcohol-related death: a ten-year follow-up study using linked routine data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018;186:175–81.
Viikari-Juntura E, Leinonen T, Virta LJ, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Laaksonen M, Autti-Rämö I, Solovieva S. Utilisation of nationwide register data to assess the effectiveness of changes in sickness insurance legislation on work participation and analyse sickness absence and disability retirement trends in Finland. TBV - Tijdschr Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskd 2018;26:334–9.
2011–2017
Einiö E, Moustgaard, H, Martikainen P, Leinonen T. Does the risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease rise already before widowhood? J Epidemiol Community Health 2017;71:599–605.
Leinonen T, Mäki N, Martikainen P. Trajectories of antidepressant medication before and after the onset of unemployment by subsequent employment experience. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0169652.
Viikari-Juntura E, Virta LJ, Kausto J, Autti-Rämö I, Martimo K-P, Laaksonen M, Leinonen T, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Burdorf A, Solovieva S. Legislative change enabling use of early part-time sick leave enhanced return to work and work participation in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 2017;43:447–56.
Viikari-Juntura E, Virta L, Leinonen T, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Autti-Rämö I, Solovieva S. Kuntoutus- ja osittaisten työkyvyttömyysetuuksien käyttö lisääntyy – miten työssäolo? Aikakauskirja Duodecim 2017;133:1655–63.
Leinonen T, Laaksonen M, Chandola T, Martikainen P. Health as a predictor of early retirement before and after introduction of a flexible statutory pension age in Finland. Soc Sci Med 2016;158:149–57.
Leinonen T, Laaksonen M, Martikainen P. Joustava eläkeikä vetää terveimpiä aikaisemmin eläkkeelle. Työeläke 3:2016:10–11.
Paljärvi T, Martikainen P, Vahtera J, Leinonen T, Mäkelä P. Hospital admissions before an alcohol-related death among middle-aged employed men and women: a cohort study using routine data. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016;40:2161–8.
Polvinen A, Laaksonen M, Gould R, Lahelma E, Leinonen T, Martikainen P. Socioeconomic differences in cause-specific disability retirement in Finland, 1988 to 2009. J Occup Environ Med 2016;58:840–5.
Paljärvi T, Martikainen P, Pensola T, Leinonen T, Herttua K, Mäkelä P. Life course trajectories of labour market participation among young adults who experienced severe alcohol-related health outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0126215.
Polvinen A, Laaksonen M, Gould R, Lahelma E, Leinonen T, Martikainen P. Socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality after disability retirement due to different diseases. Scand J Public Health 2015;43:159–68.
Leinonen T. Työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtymisen sosioekonomiset taustatekijät ja terveysvaikutukset. Kuntoutus 2014;37(3):47–50.
Leinonen T. Disability retirement: socioeconomic differences and health outcomes. Publications of the Department of Social Research 2014:7.
Leinonen T, Martikainen P, Laaksonen M, Lahelma E. Excess mortality after disability retirement due to mental disorders: variations by socio-demographic factors and causes of death. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014;49:639–49.
Paljärvi T, Martikainen P, Leinonen T, Pensola T, Mäkelä P. Non-employment histories of middle-aged men and women who died from alcohol-related causes: a longitudinal retrospective study. PLoS ONE 2014;9:e98620.
Leinonen T, Lahelma E, Martikainen P. Trajectories of antidepressant medication before and after retirement: the contribution of socio-demographic factors. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28:417–26.
Leinonen T, Martikainen P, Lahelma E. Interrelationships between education, occupational social class, and income as determinants of disability retirement. Scand J Public Health 2012;40:157–66.
Leinonen T, Pietiläinen O, Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Martikainen P. Occupational social class and disability retirement among municipal employees - the contribution of health behaviors and working conditions. Scand J Work Environ Health 2011;37:464–72.
Leinonen T, Sirniö O, Lahelma E, Martikainen P. Eriarvoisesti työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle? Teoksessa Pietikäinen P (toim.). Työstä, jousta ja jaksa. Työn ja hyvinvoinnin tulevaisuus. Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 2011:30–44.