A ruler is an instrument used to measure lengths in millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm) and sometimes inches (in).
These can come in many different sizes eg 10cm, 15cm, 20cm or 30cm lengths.
A tape measurer is an instrument used to measure lengths in metres (m) and centimetres (cm).
These can come in many different sizes eg 8m, 20m, 30m, 50m, etc
A protractor is an instrument used to measure angles.
Example
Protractors can be a half protractor (from 0° to 180°) or a full protractor (from 0° to 360°).
A compass is an instrument used to draw circles or arcs.