Super Mario Kart[a] is a kart racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). The first game in the Mario Kart series, it was released in Japan and North America in 1992, and in Europe the following year in 1993. Selling 8.76 million copies worldwide, the game went on to become the fourth best-selling SNES game of all time. Super Mario Kart was re-released on the Wii's Virtual Console in 2009, on the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2013, and on the New Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console in 2016. Nintendo re-released Super Mario Kart in 2017 as part of the company's Super NES Classic Edition.

Super Mario Kart received positive reviews and was praised for its presentation, innovation and use of Mode 7 graphics. It has been ranked among the greatest video games of all time by several magazines and organizations. It is often credited with creating the kart-racing subgenre of video games, leading other developers to try to duplicate its success. The game is seen as having been key to expanding the Mario series into non-platforming games; this diversity has led to it becoming the best-selling game franchise of all time. Several sequels to Super Mario Kart have been released, for consoles, handhelds and in arcades, each enjoying critical and commercial success. While some elements have developed throughout the series, the core experience from Super Mario Kart has remained intact.

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Super Mario Kart is a kart racing game featuring several single and multiplayer modes. During the game, players take control of one of eight Mario franchise characters, each with differing capabilities,[3] and drive karts around tracks with a Mario franchise theme. In order for them to begin driving, Lakitu appears with a traffic light hanging on his fishing pole at the starting line, which starts the countdown. When the light turns green, the race or battle begins. During a race, the player's viewpoint is from behind their kart.[4][5] The goal of the game is to either finish a race ahead of other racers, who are controlled by the computer and other players, or complete a circuit in the fastest time.[6] There is a battle mode in which the aim is to attack the karts of the other human players.

Some tracks feature chevron-shaped boost panels to increase speed for a brief moment. In addition, there are also short ramps that cause racers to jump when driven over. A combination of the two makes the player jump higher and a high speed.

Tiles marked with question marks are arrayed on the race tracks; they give special abilities (power-ups) to a player's kart if the vehicle passes over them. Power-ups, such as the ability to throw shells and bananas, allow racers to hit others with the objects, causing them to spin and lose control. A kart that obtains the star power-up is temporarily invulnerable to attack.[3] Computer players have specific special powers associated with each character, that they are able to use throughout the race. Lines of coins are found on the tracks in competitive race modes. By running over these coins, a kart collects them and increases its top speed. Having coins helps players when their kart is hit by another: instead of spinning and losing control, they lose a coin.[5] Coins are lost when karts are struck by power-ups or fall off the tracks.[7]

The game features advanced maneuvers such as power sliding and hopping. Power sliding allows a kart to maintain its speed while turning, although executing the maneuver for too long causes the kart to spin. Hopping helps a kart execute tighter turns: the kart makes a short hop and turns in the air, speeding off in the new direction when it lands.[7] Reviewers praised Super Mario Kart's gameplay, describing the battle mode as "addictive" and the single player gameplay as "incredible".[8] IGN stated that the gameplay mechanics defined the genre.[9]

Super Mario Kart has three multiplayer modes; Mario Kart GP, Match Race, and Battle Mode. The multiplayer modes support two players and the second player uses the bottom half of the screen which is used as a map in the single-player modes. Mario Kart GP is the same as in single-player, the only difference being that there are two human-controlled and six computer-controlled drivers.[12] Match Race involves the two players going head to head on a track of their choice without any opponents.[12] In Battle Mode, the two players again go head to head, but this time in one of four dedicated Battle Mode courses.[12] Each player starts with three balloons around their kart which can be popped by power-ups fired by the other player.[6] The first player to have all three of their balloons popped loses.

The characters are rendered as sprites portrayed from sixteen different angles.[6] In 2005, Nintendojo called the sprites "not-so-pretty" when they are rendered at a distance, and IGN has commented on the dated look of the game.[6][7] Super Mario Kart was the first game to feature playable characters from the Mario series other than Mario or Luigi in a non-platforming game and the selection and different attributes of the characters is regarded as one of the game's strengths, IGN describing a well-balanced "all-star cast".[13][14] All of the characters present in Super Mario Kart have gone on to appear in later games in the series, except for Donkey Kong Jr. and Koopa Troopa, who have only appeared intermittently after being replaced by Donkey Kong and Wario respectively in Mario Kart 64.[15]

The tracks in Super Mario Kart are based on locations in Super Mario World such as Donut Plains.[13] Each of the four cups contains five different tracks for a total of twenty unique tracks, additionally there are four unique Battle Mode courses.[3][16] The course outlines are marked out by impassable barriers and feature a variety of bends ranging from sharp hairpins to wide curves which players can power slide around.[7] Numerous obstacles themed from the Mario series appear, such as Thwomps in the Bowser's Castle tracks, the Cheep-Cheeps from Super Mario World in Koopa Beach and pipe barriers which are found in the Mario Circuit tracks.[3] Other features include off-road sections which slow down the karts such as the mud bogs in the Choco Island tracks.[3] Each cup track is littered with coins and power-up tiles, as well as turbo tiles which give the karts a boost of speed and jumps which launch the karts into the air.[3]

Super Mario Kart was produced by Mario creator Shigeru Miyamoto and directed by Tadashi Sugiyama and Hideki Konno.[23] The development team set out to produce a racing game capable of displaying two players on the same game screen simultaneously,[24] in contrast to the single-player gameplay F-Zero.[24] This led to simpler tracks than those of F-Zero.[25] Computer and Video Games suggest that this initial emphasis on creating a two player experience is the reason for the game's horizontal split-screen during single-player.[5] Battle Mode was developed from the desire to create a one-on-one mode where victory was not determined simply by competing for rank.[24] Masato Kimura, who worked on F-Zero, served as the lead programmer for Super Mario Kart.[26]

The game did not start out as a Mario series game and the first prototype featured a generic kart racer character; the team decided that characters three heads tall would best suit the design of the karts.[24] They did not decide to incorporate Mario characters until a few months into development.[24] The choice was made after the development team when observing how one kart looked to another driving past it, decided to see what it would look like with Mario in the kart.[24] Thinking that having Mario in the kart looked better than previous designs, the idea of a Mario themed racing game was born.[24]

Notable in the development of Super Mario Kart was its use of Mode 7 graphics.[27] First seen in F-Zero, Mode 7 is a form of texture mapping available on the SNES which allows a plane to be rotated and scaled freely, achieving a pseudo-three-dimensional appearance.[28][27] 1UP.com have credited the use of Mode 7 with giving the game graphics which at the time of release were considered to be "breathtaking".[28] Retrospective reflection on the Mode 7 visuals was mixed, with IGN stating that the once revolutionary technology now looks "crude and flickery".[7] Super Mario Kart featured a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) chip; DSPs were used in SNES games as they provided a better handling of floating point calculations to assist with three-dimensional maths.[27] The DSP-1 chip that was used in Super Mario Kart went on to be the most popular DSP chip to be used in SNES games.[27] The music for the game was created by composer Soyo Oka, who previously composed games for Nintendo such as Pilotwings and Ice Hockey.[29]

Super Mario Kart received critical acclaim and proved to be a commercial success; it received a Player's Choice release after selling one million copies and went on to sell 8.76 million copies worldwide, becoming the fourth best-selling game ever for the SNES.[3][40][41] In Japan, it was the top-selling game in September 1992[42][43][44] and became a multi-million seller in 1992,[45] eventually selling a total of 3.82 million in Japan.[46] In Europe, it was the top-selling game during the first quarter of 1993, above the Sega Mega Drive titles Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and Streets of Rage 2 during the same period.[47] In the United Kingdom, Super Mario Kart was the top-selling Super NES game in February 1993,[48] and it went on to be the seventh best-selling game of 1993 with more than 250,000 sales in the country.[49]

Super Mario Kart has been listed among the best games ever made several times. In 1995, Total! rated the game 16th on its "Top 100 SNES Games."[54] In 1996, Next Generation listed it as number 37 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", commenting that the controls are elegantly designed to offer "supreme fun".[55] In 1996, GamesMaster ranked the game 16th on their "Top 100 Games of All Time".[56] In 1999, Next Generation listed Super Mario Kart as number 7 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Imitated a thousand times, but never, ever, equalled, Mario Kart changed the rules for the driving game and gave the world one of the most engrossing and addictive two-player experiences ever".[57] Electronic Gaming Monthly ranked it as the 15th best console video game of all time, attributing its higher ranking than Mario Kart 64 (which came in 49th) to its superior track design and powerups.[58] IGN ranked it as the 15th best game ever in 2005, describing it as "the original karting masterpiece" and as the 23rd best game ever in 2007, discussing its originality at time of release.[9][59] The Age placed it at number 19 on their list of the 50 best games in 2005 and in 2007 Edge ranked Super Mario Kart at number 14 on a list of their 100 best games, noting its continued influence on video game design.[60][61] The game is included in Yahoo! Games UK's list of the hundred greatest games of all time which praises the appealing characters and power ups and 1UP.com's "Essential 50", a list of the fifty most important games ever made.[28][62] The game placed 13th in Official Nintendo Magazine's 100 greatest Nintendo games of all time.[63] Guinness World Records ranked it at number 1 on a list of the top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy.[64] Game Informer ranked the game at 35 on their top 100 games of all time in 2001 praising how the game's Mode 7 revolutionized racing games.[65] In 2018, Complex listed Super Mario Kart seventh on its "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time".[66] In 2019, The Strong National Museum of Play inducted Super Mario Kart to its World Video Game Hall of Fame.[67] 152ee80cbc

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