Centaurus contains Omega Centauri, the largest and brightest globular star cluster visible from Earth.
The origins of Centaurus can be found as early as Babylonian culture, where the constellation was recognized as a “bison-man”---a bison with a human head.
It is possible that the myth of centaurs was created when people who had never seen horses before first witnessed someone riding on horseback—at first glance, horse and man might have seemed to be one animal. It was reported that when the Aztecs of Mexico—who had never seen horses before—first saw Spanish invaders on horseback, they imagined that the horse and man were a single monster that could separate into either a man or a horse when it chose to.
Pholus, one of two civilized centaurs, offered dinner to Hercules, who was on his way to complete his Third Labor and capture the Erymanthian Boar. But when other centaurs saw Hercules dining with a centaur and drinking their wine, they became upset and began throwing rocks at the hero. Hercules responded to the centaurs’ attack by firing arrows dipped in the blood of the Hydra. Chiron, the leader of the centaurs and Hercules’s tutor, wasn’t involved in the fight, but one of Hercules’s arrows accidentally hit him. The Hydra’s blood poisoned Chiron and he was unable to heal himself. But as he was immortal, he couldn’t die. Instead, he would remain in agony forever. Around the same time, Prometheus, also an immortal, was cursed to have his liver pecked out every day by the eagle Aquila. The curse could only be lifted by another immortal sacrificing itself. Chiron agreed to sacrifice himself to help Prometheus, ending both of their agonies.
Alpha Centauri A & B (Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri C (Proxima Centauri), Beta Centauri (Hadar or Agena)
Theta Centauri (Menkent), Gamma Centauri (Muhlifain), Epsilon Centauri
Eta Centauri, Zeta Centauri (Alnair), Delta Centauri (Ma Wei)
Nu Centauri, Kappa Centauri (Ke Kwan), BPM 3709