Sumo is governed by the Japan Sumo Association (JSA), which sets the rules and regulations, manages tournaments, and oversees the training and careers of wrestlers. 

Prominent issues include a decline in popularity among younger generations, gender inequality in sumo, and bullying in sumo stables 

Sumo emphasizes values like respect, discipline, honor, humility, tradition and community. There is a deep respect for centuries-old traditions. 

The Japanese government provides public support through funding and recognition of sumo as a national cultural treasure. The sport is considered an important part of Japanese heritage. However, younger audiences are less engaged than the older generations which raises concern for the longevity of the sport. 

Rituals like the purification of the ring with salt, the performance of the shiko (foot stamping), and symbolic gestures before each match are central to sumo, reflecting its spiritual roots in Shinto traditions. 

Sumo receives regular coverage in Japanese media, especially during major tournaments, but its visibility is limited outside Japan, with traditional broadcasting formats still dominating the sport's exposure. Since traditional broadcasting formats do not always reach the younger audience, there has been a decline in younger audiences’ interest. 

Formal norms include strict training regimens, hierarchy within sumo stables, and etiquette during matches. Informally, sumo culture emphasizes the respect for elder wrestlers and maintaining modesty and humility. 

The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) had specific eligibility criteria that made candidates to complete mandatory education by age 15. While height and weight requirements were historically enforced, they were removed in September 2023, and applicants now qualify by passing a physical fitness test. The JSA still enforces a gender restriction, prohibiting women from competing in professional sumo due to traditional beliefs about the sacred sumo ring. However, the amateur sumo league, governed by the International Sumo Federation (IFS), allows both men and women to compete, though mixed-gender matches are not allowed. This inclusivity has played a key role in sumo’s growth worldwide.