Children with type 1 diabetes and their families have to do several calculations throughout the day to stay healthy. Did my daughter check her blood sugar before breakfast? Does she need an extra snack because she has gym class? Is there someone at school to help my child check her blood sugar?

I absolutely love breakfast food for dinner. However, unless I have a full day of hiking ahead of me, I just find most brunch foods too heavy for me to start the day with. But at dinner, I actually almost feel virtuous eating this fruit-forward pancake. And it is so satisfying at every level for me that I never crave any dessert or anything else after eating it. My husband, Andrew, developed this over many months of trial. The recipe began with an Apple Dutch Baby that morphed into this spectacular recipe. My only problem is getting him to stop tinkering with it! Although I do admit that the addition of jaggery in place of granulated sugar in the batter, did take it up a notch. But even without it, this pancake is better than any blueberry pancake or Dutch Baby you will ever eat.


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Place 1/3 cup granulated sugar in a medium bowl. Finely grate the zest of 1 medium lemon onto the sugar. Stir the zest and sugar together; or, rub the zest into the sugar with your fingertips until fully combined and gritty. If no one is watching, then by all means, lick your fingers. Take out 2 tablespoons of the lemon sugar to use later.

3. Gently add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, stirring the batter just enough to get everything moist, then gently stir in the reserved  cup of sugared blueberries, trying not to break them up.

Use an electric mixer to beat the heavy whipping cream on high speed. Add the sugar, 1 tablespoon at a time, and vanilla extract. Whip until mixture thickens. Then spread over the cake. Top with 2 cups shredded coconut. Refrigerate at least 2 hours, but overnight is best.

In a nonstick skillet, heat the butter over medium heat. Add brown sugar and 1 teaspoon of the cinnamon sugar and the bananas. Cook for 3 minutes. Add the bourbon and cook another 3 minute until sauce is thick and most of the bourbon taste has cooked out; then add in heavy cream. Whisk and remove from heat.

Spoon caramel sauce from the pan over the dessert cups. Top with a scoop of vanilla ice cream and then the bananas. Top with whipped cream and candied pecans. Then, dust the dish with remaining cinnamon sugar and serve immediately.

Not only was sugar availability correlated to diabetes risk, but the longer a population was exposed to excess sugar, the higher its diabetes rate after controlling for obesity and other factors. In addition, diabetes rates dropped over time when sugar availability dropped, independent of changes to consumption of other calories and physical activity or obesity rates.

The researchers employed new statistical methods derived from econometrics to control for factors that could provide alternate explanations for an apparent link between sugar and diabetes, including overweight and obesity; many non-sugar components of the food supply, such as fiber, fruit, meat, cereals and oils; total calories available per day; sedentary behavior; rates of economic development; household income; urbanization of the population; tobacco and alcohol use; and percentage of the population age 65 or older, since age is also associated with diabetes risk.

The researchers had to rely on food-availability data for this study instead of consumption data because no large-scale international databases exist to measure food consumption directly. Basu said follow-up studies are needed to examine possible links between diabetes and specific sugar sources, such as high-fructose corn syrup or sucrose, and also to evaluate the influence of specific foods, such as soft drinks or processed foods.

Another important future step, he said, is to conduct randomized clinical trials that could affirm a cause-and-effect connection between sugar consumption and diabetes. Although it would be unethical to feed people large amounts of sugar to try to induce diabetes, scientists could put participants of a study on a low-sugar diet to see if it reduces diabetes risk.

One of those was a Swiss citizen Jakub Krytof Rad. He came to Daice from Vienna in order to become the director of local sugar refinery. Mr. Rad was highly technically skilled and right away started modernization of the factory. However, inspiration for the biggest change he undertook in the refinery came from a very unexpected source.

Photo: Vt Lutinec, CC BY 3.0 UnportedTo commemorate this event, a granite memorial of a sugar cube was built in one of the squares in Daice in 1983. And, in the summer of 2003, the town also unveiled a plaque in recognition of its honorary citizen.

Jakub Krystof Rad was the director of the local sugar refinery when he was inspired by his Wife Juliana. Back in 1840, sugar was produced in large loaves, which were quite tricky to cut up. Juilina and her kitchen staff were constantly injuring themselves, so Jakub set himself the challenge of trying to create a smaller, more manageable sized block. And thanks to him, we now have what we call sugar cubes ?

The story of the sugar cube is a bit of a love story. It began in 1843 in Dacice, Moravia, which is now the Czech Republic, when Juliana was preparing to have some of her friends over for a friendly, gathering. At this time, sugar refineries did not yet produce granulated sugar. Sugar was produced and sold in large conical shaped loaves.

Therefore, whenever you wanted sugar you would have to chip a hunk of sugar off of the loaf. Sometimes, if the sugar was particularly stubborn, you may even have to use a hammer. As Juliana was prepping her food the night before her party, as she was using a knife to chip tiny chunks of sugar from the large cone of sugar, her hand slipped and she cut her finger.

That night as Julianne drifted off into a deep slumber with her wounded finger throbbing, she dreamed of making and packaging sugar in tiny chunks that were ready to use. Upon waking the next morning she told her husband Jakub Rad of her dream, and the seed had been planted.

Over time, the sugar cube has become an essential element of a tea party. One lump or two can refer to snow white, virgin sugar cubes or to sugar cubes festively decorated with sugar frosting to commemorate a special event like a wedding or a baby shower. So the next time that you are gathering with your friends to enjoy a cup of tea, you can thank Juliana and her wounded finger for the lump of sugar as it plunks into your cup.

When was the last time you sweetened your tea of coffee with a cube of sugar? Today we take the small compact units of sugar, the exact size of a teaspoon, for granted, but it was not until 1843 that the sugar cube first saw the light of day on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic. Its inventor was the head of a sugar refinery in the town of Daice, but the inspiration for the sugar cube actually came from his wife Juliana.

In the 1820s, after the end of the Napoleonic wars, attempts were made to revive sugar production from sugar-beet in the Habsburg Monarchy. The brothers Tomas and Frantisek Grebner established the first ever sugar factory in the western part of the Monarchy near Daice in 1829. However, the soil in the surrounding area was not very suitable for growing sugar-beet and production stopped in 1832 due to a short supply of quality raw material.

However, the business failure did not deter the brothers and soon after they set up a sugar refinery in the very centre of Daice which processed sugar cane transported from the Italian province of Trieste.

In 1840 sugar was produced in huge loaves which were inconvenient for everyone. The loaves of sugar were hard to pack and were often damaged during transport. Even worse, in the kitchen one either had to scrape sugar off the huge loaf or cut off random pieces to put on the table at tea time. It was impossible to cut off the exact size one wanted and often people at the table would take a chunk, melt a bit of it in their tea and let the remaining piece dry on their saucer for later use. The whole process also involved a lot of waste and resulted in plenty of accidents. Marie Kuerov says it was one such unfortunate accident that inspired the invention of the sugar cube.

Sugar powder obtained from incompletely dried white sugar-loaves with the use of a cutting machine was passed through sieves and distributed onto a brass plate with a total of 400 holes shaped in the form of a square, and it was then imbedded on a lower clear brass plate. Both the plates were set forward under a pressing machine where shape forming elements mounted onto a press head were forged into the holes of the brass plate by means of a spiral spindle and a rotary beam. Thereby the volume of sugar fed into the holes was reduced by a half. Eventually, the machine-pressed sugar cubes were pushed out onto a wooden board, which was then placed onto shelves in a drying house where they were left to dry for 10 to 12 hours. Then the sugar was packed in little parcels, each weighing one pound.

In 1983, a small granite memorial to the sugar cube was built in Daice to commemorate the invention and in 2003, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the facade of the building of the old refinery. The Daice Municipal Museum now houses a permanent exhibition devoted to the production of the sugar-cube.

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The RePEc plagiarism page Stakeholders and the consumption tax of sugar-sweetened beverages in ColombiaJuliana Daz-Garca (Obfuscate( 'udea.edu.co', 'juliana.diaz' )), Germn Valencia-Agudelo (Obfuscate( 'udea.edu.co', 'german.valencia' )), Isabel Cristina Carmona-Garcs (Obfuscate( 'udea.edu.co', 'isabel.carmona' )) and Laura Ins Gonzlez-Zapata (Obfuscate( 'udea.edu.co', 'laura.gonzalez' ))

Additional contact information 

Juliana Daz-Garca: Universidad de Antioquia

Germn Valencia-Agudelo: Universidad de Antioquia

Isabel Cristina Carmona-Garcs: Universidad de Antioquia

Laura Ins Gonzlez-Zapata: Universidad de AntioquiaLecturas de Economa, 2020, issue 93, 155-187Abstract:Stakeholders are key actors in public policy decisions. This article analyzes the decision-making process of the proposed consumption tax on sweetened beverages in Colombia and the role of stakeholders in that process. To this purpose, this study uses stakeholder analysis, for which information on the decision-making process and the role of stakeholders was collected from document review and structured interviews; in addition, the level of relationships, incidence, and power of the interviewed stakeholders was determined. The findings show the influence and power of the beverage industry to block public agenda processes that go against their interests; for which they use different instruments, such as organizational and persuasive capacity, their economic power, among others. In conclusion, decision making is a function of the mobilization of different sectoral interests. This case reflects the need to strengthen the democratic system, with greater influence from civil society.Keywords: stakeholders; political power; taxes; non-alcoholic beverage (search for similar items in EconPapers)

JEL-codes: D78 H3 I18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)

Date: 2020

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Lecturas de Economa, Departamento de Economa, Calle 67, 53-108, Medellin 050010, Colombia.DOI: 10.17533/udea.le.n93a338783Access Statistics for this articleLecturas de Economa is currently edited by Carlos Andrs Vasco CorreaMore articles in Lecturas de Economa from Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Economa Contact information at EDIRC.

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