Star Chart Infinite Download

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I will try to list a few of my favorite astronomy apps for iOS. Caveat: I will have to start with a couple of my own apps, since by definition (being designed by myself, exactly as I wanted them), as far as I am concerned they are the best at what they do, so I cannot objectively rank them among others. Hopefully you will forgive that little bias. In any case, this is not a definitive list, I may add (or remove) apps as new apps or new versions come out.

Star Chart Infinite Download

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The Mercator projection (/mrketr/) is a cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. The map is thereby conformal. As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator. This inflation is very small near the equator but accelerates with increasing latitude to become infinite at the poles. As a result, landmasses such as Greenland, Antarctica, Canada and Russia appear far larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near the equator, such as Central Africa.

Joseph Needham, a historian of China, speculated that some star charts of the Chinese Song Dynasty may have been based on the Mercator projection;[3] however, this claim was presented without evidence, and astronomical historian Kazuhiko Miyajima concluded using cartometric analysis that these charts used an equirectangular projection instead.[4]

Today, the Mercator can be found in marine charts, occasional world maps, and Web mapping services, but commercial atlases have largely abandoned it, and wall maps of the world can be found in many alternative projections. Google Maps, which relied on it since 2005, still uses it for local-area maps but dropped the projection from desktop platforms in 2017 for maps that are zoomed out of local areas. Many other online mapping services still exclusively use the Web Mercator.

Because the linear scale of a Mercator map increases with latitude, it distorts the size of geographical objects far from the equator and conveys a distorted perception of the overall geometry of the planet. At latitudes greater than 70 north or south the Mercator projection is practically unusable, because the linear scale becomes infinitely large at the poles. A Mercator map can therefore never fully show the polar areas (as long as the projection is based on a cylinder centered on the Earth's rotation axis; see the transverse Mercator projection for another application).

Practically every marine chart in print is based on the Mercator projection due to its uniquely favorable properties for navigation. It is also commonly used by street map services hosted on the Internet, due to its uniquely favorable properties for local-area maps computed on demand.[15] Mercator projections were also important in the mathematical development of plate tectonics in the 1960s.[16]

The Mercator projection was designed for use in marine navigation because of its unique property of representing any course of constant bearing as a straight segment. Such a course, known as a rhumb (or, mathematically, a loxodrome) is preferred in marine navigation because ships can sail in a constant compass direction, reducing the difficult, error-prone course corrections that otherwise would be needed frequently when sailing a different course. For distances small compared to the radius of the Earth, the difference between the rhumb and the technically shortest course, a great circle segment, is negligible, and even for longer distances, the simplicity of the constant bearing makes it attractive. As observed by Mercator, on such a course, the ship would not arrive by the shortest route, but it will surely arrive. Sailing a rhumb meant that all that the sailors had to do was keep a constant course as long as they knew where they were when they started, where they intended to be when they finished, and had a map in Mercator projection that correctly showed those two coordinates.[17]

The ordinate y of the Mercator projection becomes infinite at the poles and the map must be truncated at some latitude less than ninety degrees. This need not be done symmetrically. Mercator's original map is truncated at 80N and 66S with the result that European countries were moved toward the centre of the map. The aspect ratio of his map is 198/120 = 1.65. Even more extreme truncations have been used: a Finnish school atlas was truncated at approximately 76N and 56S, an aspect ratio of 1.97.

For much of the year, we use the stars of the Big Dipper to help us find Polaris, the North Star. However, the Big Dipper is harder to find in the autumn. It appears very low to the northern horizon after sunset. Some of its stars even set below the horizon from our latitude.

Nearly overhead is the asterism called the Great Square of Pegasus. Three of these four stars are part of autumn constellation Pegasus the Flying Horse. The remaining star marks the head of Andromeda the Princess.

Later in the evening, you can find the bright stars of the winter evening sky beginning to rise. The most famous and easily found winter constellation is Orion the Hunter. Look for the three stars in a straight line that mark his belt, the two stars that mark his shoulders, and the two stars of his feet. Betelgeuse, one of this shoulder stars, is distinctly red in color. Learn to find Orion, and he can direct you to many other sights of the winter sky. This part of the sky contains some of the brightest stars throughout the year.

Follow the belt down and to the left for the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius, in Canis Major the Big Dog. Follow the belt stars up and to the right to find orange star Aldebaran, the eye of Taurus the Bull. Look just past Aldebaran for a grouping of stars called M-45, or the Pleiades Star Cluster.

Venus, Jupiter, Saturn and a sliver of the waning crescent moon shine brightly near the southeast horizon before sunrise on the first of March. Saturn is only about 3 degrees away from the moon at this time. Pluto lies between Venus and Saturn, but you will need at least a 10-inch telescope, a good star chart and really clear, dark skies to spot it.

Often bibliographic records for maps in OCLC WorldCat are poor, but this individual runs a tight ship, enhancing those records to star quality for the rest of the library world to find, use, and admire.

The government rates nursing homes on a scale from one to five stars, based on overall quality. Factors weighed: how well each facility performs on government inspections, how many nurses and aides it employs, and how healthy its residents are as judged by such measures as how often they fall, get infections or are admitted to the hospital.

This final chart shows, by state, the percentage of nursing home residents who rely on Medicaid. In Alaska, 83 percent of nursing home residents are covered by Medicaid. Iowa is the only state where Medicaid does not cover a majority of nursing home residents.

[133] One of the beauties of astronomy is that you do nothave to be an expert to enjoy it. Anyone can step outside on a clearmoonless night, gaze at thousands of stars shining across the vastinterstellar spaces, and become intoxicated by a heady mix ofgrandeur and existential chill. The same questions come to mind timeand again: How far away are the stars? How many are there? Are theystrewn endlessly through space, or are we part of an island universeof suns that ends abruptly somewhere out there in the black ocean ofspace? It has been the sometimes heroic and often frustrating task ofastronomers since the dawn of science to chart our position in thecosmic ocean. In the twentieth century, significant progress has beenmade in constructing an accurate map of the cosmos.

We know, for example, that our solar system is part of a muchlarger system of hundreds of billions of stars. This system is theMilky Way Galaxy, a huge disk of stars and gas. We also know thatours is not the only galaxy in the universe. As far as the largesttelescopes in the world can see, there are galaxies in everydirection. The nearest galaxies to our own are the Magellanic Clouds,the "crown jewels of the southern skies," to use Bart Bok'sdescription. The Magellanic Clouds are small irregular galaxies, acatch-all term for those somewhat shapeless galaxies that do not fitneatly into a spiral or elliptical category. The Large Cloud is about160000 light years from the solar system and has a mass aboutone-tenth that of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Small Cloud is about200000 light years away; it has a mass about one-thirtieth that ofthe Large Cloud. Because they are so near, they are an invaluablelaboratory for astronomers to study the evolution of stars andgalaxies. The nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy is theAndromeda Galaxy, at a distance of about 2 million light years. It isa giant spiral galaxy, much like our own in size, shape, numbers ofstars, and types of stars. This nearby sister galaxy provides us withan opportunity to get a bird's eye view of a galaxy much like ourown, to, in effect, "see ourselves as others do." ff782bc1db