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I am looking for some guidance on building a speedometer cable driver. I would like to make it open source so that anyone who has an older car they are modifying can make it work for their application. I am going to be putting a different transmission in the car so I will lose the speedo cable driver, but this is also beneficial for folks who just want to change their tire size.


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I am going to build in gearing for the stepper. Usually a speedometer cable spins about one thousand times per mile, but being a german car it may be one thousand rotations per kilometer. I'll burn that bridge when I get there. Steppers lose a fair amount of torque as they spin faster, and usually only want to spin to about 1000 RPM. At 60 miles per hour, that would be 1000RPM on the stepper, so I was going to make a 2:1 or 3:1 gearing to allow for a complete range of the speedometer.

As per @lastchancename, the doesn't make sense to me.

Or are you using it to display the result, e.g move a speedo needle to a specific position. In that case, it does not need to have gearing, etc. Most steppers are 200 steps per revolution and many stepper drivers can micro-step to get the resolution you want.

Driving the needle directly with a stepper wont work because then odometer won't work. I won't be able to recalibrate the existing speedo because I am replacing the transmission with something that doesn't support a speedo cable.

Could you please clarify if you want the speedo shaft to be spinning at 1000 rpm? You are certainly right about the higher rpm and steppers. A simple belt and pulley arrangement should be good. You may even want a 4:1 gearing ratio, since steppers lose torque at higher speeds.

And don't forget to multiply the torque needed from the stepper by the same ratio.

So, usually the speedo shaft is calibrated for 1000rpm to be 60mph. The way I initially wrote it was not conscise, the speedometer and odometer are driven off the same cable. In the US, it is common for 1000 revolutions of the shaft to equal one mile. If we are driving 60 miles per hour, that's a mile a minute, which equates to 1000 rotations per minute. This is just me guessing how the Germans would have done it, but I would guess that 100kmh is 1000rpm. Which is roughly the same speed, it's like 62 miles per hour IIRC.

I considered a 4:1 ratio as well, There will probably be some good choice between torque and final speed for a given speedo. I will likely only ever drive about 80mph, but the gauge goes to 140 so I might as well be able to get to 140mph. Since a stepper is overly percise for this application, even higher might be better It will probably come down to what selection of gates belts and pulleys are there that fit reasonably in an enclosure.

So here's my loose game plan:

-Tinker with the code until I think it does what I expect it to

-Build it on a bread board

-Figure out what the automotive signals look like and emulate those

-Trouble shoot it until it behaves as expected

-Make sure the stepper can drive the speedo

-Make an expansion board and enclosure

-Install it and probably trouble shoot it some more.

In the US, the standard (from what I gathered with google) is one thousand rotations is one mile on the odometer. An equivalent statement is one mile a minute (60 mph) should also be 1000 rpm on the speedometer cable. Being that I am going to implement this (initially) in a German vehicle, I'm going to assume they set the calibration for 100 kmh (~62 mph) to be 1000 rpm on the cable. At the end of the day, this will be some multiplication factor and I will use a GPS speedometer to figure out the factor. I suppose I could skip counting the trigger wheel teeth, or including a tire size and just use a proportionality, but in honor of Germany... PRECISION. I joke, the reason I want to include those features is once it's calibrated, if I change the tire size of the vehicle I should be able to just change that value in the code with no further calibration required. It should also make it easier for other folks who decide to do this to their own car. I plan to make a YouTube video, GitHub Repo, and Thingiverse posting so other folks can make one for their own vehicle.

Let's say the tire diameter is 26.5" and we get 20 pulses / rotation:

26.5 * PI / 12 = 6.93768377668 ft / rotation, 5280 / 6.93768377668 = 761.060920325 rotations / mile * 20 = 15221.2184065 pulses / mile.

Now a 200 step / rev motor would need 200000 steps to do 1000 rotations, so, 200000 steps / 15221.2184065 = 13.1395526073 motor steps / wheel pulse. See where I'm going? Getting the speedometer to read 60.0 MPH at exactly 1 mile / minute may not be so difficult with pulse timing, but with Arduino's ceramic resonator time base that drifts with temperature and Vcc voltage, keeping the odometer accurate within legal limits may be another story.

Ah, that's probably a much simpler way of going about it. As long as the speedometer is accurate, the odometer will follow suit as they are driven off the same gear. As is, the car has larger tires than factory so the speedometer reads something like 6% lower than it should (thanks previous owner).

So, if the ceramic resonator drift is an issue (which it might or might not be) couldn't I use an external quartz resonator for better stability? Folks say the Arduino is usually accurate to within 1% which is pretty good. I don't think it would be a problem if my gauge read 60.6 mph instead of 60 mph. Realistically that's probably not even descernable. At the end of the day it means I will change my oil about 50 miles sooner. Even my newer car's speedometer is a little bit generous with it's reading at freeway speeds compared to my GPS measured speed, and it's a 2016 model year. Clearly there's a bit of tolerance for the accuracy of a speedometer and it's better to be slightly over than slightly under.

Okay, I think I setup the code to be modular for any vehicle, speedometer revolutions per mile, steps per revolution, and final drive ratio for cable. I am not quite sure if the relationship I chose for driveStepper.setSpeed() or driveStepper.step are correct, but I believe it should give me steps per second and number of steps to take respectively.

Would anyone be able/willing to develop a plugin for dashboards that acts like a speedometer similar in design to the picture. Ability to specify the various different inputs required such as total, current number etc. 9af72c28ce

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