European goldfinch

(Carduelis carduelis)

Range: Europe and the Middle East, as well as parts of northern Africa

Subspecies

• C. c. carduelis: Southern Scandinavian Peninsula eastward to central Urals, also occurs in the France, the Netherlands, Italy, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, partially migrate from central and southern Europe eastward to western Kazakhstan

• C. c. africanus: Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (Tripolitania and Cyrenaica)

• C. c. balcanica: Balkans, as well as the island of Crete

• C. c. brevirostris: Eastern Türkiye eastward to northern Iran

• C. c. britannica: British Isles, the Channel Islands, and northwestern France eastward to western Netherlands

• C. c. colchica: Crimean Peninsula to the Caucasus and northeastern Türkiye

• C. c. frigoris: Southwestern Siberia (Ural Mountains to the Yenisei)

• C. c. loudoni: Northern Iran (Gilan and Qazvin provinces)

• C. c. niediecki: Dodecanese and Cyprus, from Egypt to Türkiye, and through northern Iraq and southwestern Iran

• C. c. parva: Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and the western Mediterranean region

• C. c. tschusii: Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily

• C. c. volgensis: Southern Ukraine, western Russia, and far northwestern Kazakhstan