Soil Science Treatise Book Pdf Free Download

Gregory Pope, Ph.D., professor and doctoral faculty in Earth and Environmental Studies at Montclair State University, has a PhD and MA degrees (Geography) from Arizona State University, and BA (Geography + Geology double major) from the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs. His research interests integrate earth science with human dimensions, and include deterioration of stone in monuments and architecture; historic and prehistoric human impacts on the environment; and soil and weathering processes in the environment. His publications include editorship of Weathering and Soils Geomorphology (in the Treatise in Geomorphology, both 1st and 2nd editions), chapter author in Essentials of Geomorphology, chapter author in Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone, articles in 11 journals in topics of physical geography and archaeology, conference proceedings, and field trip guidebooks. His research has been sponsored by the NSF, NEH, and New Jersey DEP, and he works with colleagues in Italy, Portugal, China, Northern Ireland, and throughout the United States. Dr. Pope teaches a variety of courses in physical geography and environmental geology at Montclair State. An active ambassador to the study of geography, Dr. Pope was a national councilor for the Association of American Geographers, and served previously as Chair of the Geomorphology Specialty Group of the AAG, regional councilor for the Middle States AAG, and president of the Middle States AAG.

Hillslopes are the most common landforms on the earth's surface, are fundamental drivers of the distribution of soil properties and landscape-scale geomorphic processes and, together with surface waters, form watersheds that are amenable to constraining and balancing the fluxes of water, solutes, and sediments (Bormann, 1994). For these reasons, hillslopes have long been the subject of study for soil scientists, biogeochemists, and geomorphologists.

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Although hillslopes are virtually ubiquitous as a landform, most current concepts of terrestrial ecosystem development are built upon studies of soils formed on flat and stable geomorphic surfaces. This bias toward geomorphically inactive land surfaces has been further reinforced by the agronomic legacy involved in the development of the modern field of soil science (Amundson and Yaalon, 1995; Yallon and Berkowicz, 1997). This presents an opportunity to assess the appropriateness of our current concepts of soil formation for understanding the past, present, and future of hillslope soils and hilly ecosystems.

The nexus between hillslopes, anthropogenic systems, and food security continues to intensify and this trend, though complex in its biophysical and socioeconomic contexts (Kiage, 2013), is only growing with populations that are still in upward motion (Conway and Wilson, 2012). A major challenge to researchers remains in understanding exactly how biophysical factors such as climate and soil properties converge under increasing land-use pressure in causing excessive soil degradation (Kiage, 2013).

Hillslope soil processes are thus critical for deepening our understanding of the developments of both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. This chapter examines the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the formation of hillslope soils and the ecosystems they support, and emphasizes the fact that these interactions are strongly intertwined on hillslope landforms, where it is difficult to isolate one soil-forming process and examine it independently of the others. Nonetheless, constraining a set of pedogenic processes involving mass and volume fluxes on hillslopes in order to develop a unified theoretical framework for the evaluation of hillslope soil development has become achievable and necessary.

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This book is an unique integrated treatise, on the concepts of fractional calculus as models with applications in hydrology, soil science and geomechanics. The models are primarily fractional partial differential equations (fPDEs), and in limited cases, fractional differential equations (fDEs). It develops and applies relevant fPDEs and fDEs mainly to water flow and solute transport in porous media and overland, and in some cases, to concurrent flow and energy transfer. It is an integrated resource with theory and applications for those interested in hydrology, hydraulics and fluid mechanics. The self-contained book summaries the fundamentals for porous media and essential mathematics with extensive references supporting the development of the model and applications.

Dr. Su is Adjunct Professor at James Cook University, Australia and Guest Professor at Ningxia University, China. He was previously Guest Professor at several universities in China. He received a PhD at the Australian National University, MSc at the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and BSc at the College of Agricultural Science, Ningxia University. His research interests span several fields including hydrology, environmental modelling and applications of fractional calculus, which have evolved while working in Australia, China and New Zealand.

The book showcases the research contributions on pedology, geomorphology, mineralogy, micromorphology and climate change collected from the literature on three major soil types: shrink-swell soils, red ferruginous (RF) soils and the soils that occur in the tropical environments of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). It also provides insights into several aspects of five pedogenetically important soil orders like Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols and Inceptisols found in tropical Indian environments.

Documenting the significance of minerals in soils and their overall influence in soil science in terms of pedology, paleopedology, polygenesis and edaphology, it provides a knowledge base that is critical when attempting to bridge the gap between food production and populationgrowth.

Dr. D.K. Pal obtained M.Sc. (Ag) degree in Agricultural Chemistry with specialization in Soil Science in 1970, and earned his Ph.D. degree in Agricultural Chemistry in 1976 from the Calcutta University. He worked as a DAAD Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Institute of Soil Science, University of Hannover, West Germany during 1980-81. He worked as the Principal Scientist and Head, Division of Soil Resource Studies, ICAR-NBSS & LUP, Nagpur, India and as a visiting scientist at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Telangana.

Don Kirkham, former Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor of Agriculture and Professor of Physics at Iowa State University, was probably the best-known soil physicist of the 20th Century. His special interest was the flow of water through soils and drainage of agricultural land. Given that much of Iowa's farmland would not support a crop without drainage, this special interest was highly appropriate at Iowa State.

Kirkham was born and raised in Utah. After two years as a missionary in Germany for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he studied physics at Columbia University, where he earned bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. degrees. Returning in 1937 to teach mathematics and physics at Utah State University, he became aware of agricultural and soil sciences by way of the newly emerging discipline of soil physics. These new vistas came about under the inspirational tutelage of Prof. Willard Gardner, soil physicist in the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

In Kirkham's own words: "Although my teaching load was 18 hours a week, I was so much fascinated by the Utah State soil physics research program that I entered into it." In fact, he published 11 papers relating to drainage of agricultural soils between 1939 and 1946.

It was also at Utah State that Kirkham met his future wife, Betty. She also had studied at Columbia University, but the two never met there. They married on September 2, 1939, and raised three children: Victoria Eulalia, Mary Beth, and Don Collier.

Returning from war service with the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory in 1946, Kirkham was appointed as associate professor of soils and of physics at Iowa State University, with responsibilities for research and teaching in soil physics. This gave him the opportunity to devote much of his time and inexhaustible energy to agricultural drainage problems, thus enabled the flowering of his own special genius - his unparalleled insight and skill in solving the mathematical boundary value problems of soil-water movement, particularly as related to saturated flow and drainage.

The host of exact mathematical solutions he provided has established him as without peer in this specialty, and qualifies him to be known as the founder of mathematical soil physics. He is credited with laying a mathematical foundation for drainage theory, changing the design of drainage systems from a purely experience-based skill to one based on physical understanding. 152ee80cbc

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