Geothermal Energy: The heat energy stored in the deep earth crust known as geothermal energy is an attractive source of energy because it is renewable, clean, and has the potential of providing base load electricity. Geothermal resources are ubiquitous around the world. The worldwide installed capacity has exceeded 15 GW, and energy generation is around 95,098 GWh/yr (Huttrer 2020). An even larger promise is held by hot dry rock (HDR) and enhanced/engineered geothermal systems (EGS), which are estimated to have the potential of supplying an order of magnitude more electrical energy than conventional hydrothermal power generation systems (Williams et al., 2009). It is estimated that at a depth of 10 km across the world, HDR reservoir energy contains 1.3x1027J of energy which is 100–1000 times more than the quantity of fossil energy (Lu, 2018). The application and utilization of georesource largely depend on resource temperature. For example, low temperature (30–90 °C) geothermal resources at shallow depths are utilized for direct applications such as heating/cooling of buildings, paper drying, chemical processing, fish farming, agriculture greenhouses, oil recovery from tar sands and water desalination. At present, 88 countries utilize the low-temperature geothermal water for direct applications with an installed thermal power capacity of 107 GWt and a thermal energy use of 1,020,887 PJ/year (Lund and Toth, 2021)
Geothermal Energy: The heat energy stored in the deep earth crust known as geothermal energy is an attractive source of energy because it is renewable, clean, and has the potential of providing base load electricity. Geothermal resources are ubiquitous around the world. The worldwide installed capacity has exceeded 15 GW, and energy generation is around 95,098 GWh/yr (Huttrer 2020). An even larger promise is held by hot dry rock (HDR) and enhanced/engineered geothermal systems (EGS), which are estimated to have the potential of supplying an order of magnitude more electrical energy than conventional hydrothermal power generation systems (Williams et al., 2009). It is estimated that at a depth of 10 km across the world, HDR reservoir energy contains 1.3x1027J of energy which is 100–1000 times more than the quantity of fossil energy (Lu, 2018). The application and utilization of georesource largely depend on resource temperature. For example, low temperature (30–90 °C) geothermal resources at shallow depths are utilized for direct applications such as heating/cooling of buildings, paper drying, chemical processing, fish farming, agriculture greenhouses, oil recovery from tar sands and water desalination. At present, 88 countries utilize the low-temperature geothermal water for direct applications with an installed thermal power capacity of 107 GWt and a thermal energy use of 1,020,887 PJ/year (Lund and Toth, 2021)
