The difference between short trading and long-term investing is in the opposite approach and principles. Going short trading would mean to research and pick stocks for future fast trading activity on one's accounts with a rather speculative attitude.[1][2] While going into long-term investing would mean contrasting activity to short one. Low turnover, principles of time-tested investment approaches, returns with risk-adjusted actions, and diversification are the key features of investing in a long-term manner.[3]

Trading strategies are based on fundamental or technical analysis, or both. They are usually verified by backtesting, where the process should follow the scientific method, and by forward testing (a.k.a. 'paper trading') where they are tested in a simulated trading environment.[5]


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The term trading strategy can in brief be used by any fixed plan of trading a financial instrument, but the general use of the term is within computer assisted trading, where a trading strategy is implemented as computer program for automated trading.

All these trading strategies are basically speculative. In the moral context speculative activities are considered negatively and to be avoided by each individual.[8][9] Who conversely should maintain a long-term horizon avoiding any types of short term speculation.[2]

The development and application of a trading strategy preferably follows eight steps:[10] (1) Formulation, (2) Specification in computer-testable form, (3) Preliminary testing, (4) Optimization, (5) Evaluation of performance and robustness,[11] (6) Trading of the strategy, (7) Monitoring of trading performance, (8) Refinement and evolution.

Usually the performance of a trading strategy is measured on the risk-adjusted basis. Probably the best-known risk-adjusted performance measure is the Sharpe ratio. However, in practice one usually compares the expected return against the volatility of returns or the maximum drawdown. Normally, higher expected return implies higher volatility and drawdown. The choice of the risk-reward trade-off strongly depends on trader's risk preferences. Often the performance is measured against a benchmark, the most common one is an Exchange-traded fund on a stock index. In the long term a strategy that acts according to Kelly criterion beats any other strategy. However, Kelly's approach was heavily criticized by Paul Samuelson.[12]

A trading strategy can be executed by a trader (Discretionary Trading) or automated (Automated Trading). Discretionary Trading requires a great deal of skill and discipline. It is tempting for the trader to deviate from the strategy, which usually reduces its performance.

An automated trading strategy wraps trading formulas into automated order and execution systems. Advanced computer modeling techniques, combined with electronic access to world market data and information, enable traders using a trading strategy to have a unique market vantage point. A trading strategy can automate all or part of your investment portfolio. Computer trading models can be adjusted for either conservative while the price variation is favorable or aggressive trading styles e.g. Scalping is considered a form of trading in financial markets with a very short-term approach that is why it is associated with aggressive style.[13][14]

Successful swing trading relies on the interpretation of the length and duration of each swing, as these define important support and resistance levels. Additionally, swing traders will need to identify trends where the markets encounter increasing levels of supply or demand. Traders also consider if momentum is increasing or decreasing within each swing while monitoring trades.

Position trading is a popular trading strategy where a trader holds a position for a long period of time, usually months or years, ignoring minor price fluctuations in favor of profiting from long-term trends. Position traders tend to use fundamental analysis to evaluate potential price trends within the markets, but also take into considerations other factors such as market trends and historical patterns.

Nevertheless, remember not to become disheartened if you encounter initial losses on your capital. Patience is key when learning to become a successful trader, and mistakes and losses are inevitable in order to grow and develop your trading skills.

Successful traders often track their profits and losses, which helps to maintain their consistency and discipline across all trades. Consult our article on creating a trading plan template that could help to improve your trade performance.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

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CFDs are complex instruments. 71% of retail client accounts lose money when trading CFDs, with this investment provider. You can lose your money rapidly due to leverage. Please ensure you understand how this product works and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing money. CFDs are complex instruments. 71% of retail client accounts lose money when trading CFDs, with this investment provider. You can lose your money rapidly due to leverage. Please ensure you understand how this product works and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing money.

A trading strategy is a plan that employs analysis to identify specific market conditions and price levels. While fundamental analysis can be used to predict price movements, most strategies focus on specific technical indicators.

A trading style is your preferences while trading the market or instrument, such as how frequently and how long or short-term to trade. A trading style can change based on how the market behaves but this is dependent on whether you want to adapt or withdraw your trade until the conditions are favourable.

This is a popular forex trading strategy, as many traders work off the idea that the very liquid currencies market remains in a tight trading range, with significant volatility in between these levels. This means that short-term traders can seek to take advantage of these fluctuations between known support and resistance levels.

Most breakout trading strategies are based on volume levels, as the theory assumes that when volume levels start to increase, there will soon be a breakout from a support or resistance level. As such, popular indicators include the money flow index (MFI), on-balance volume and the volume-weighted moving average.


When trading reversals, it is important to make sure that the market is not simply retracing. The Fibonacci retracement is a common tool, used to confirm whether the market surpasses known retracement levels. It is worth noting that some consider Fibonacci retracements to be a self-fulfilling prophecy, as many orders will congregate around these levels and push the price in the desired direction.

Pairs trading is finding the correlated pair of instruments where the valuation relationship has gone out of whack, buying under-priced instruments and the selling the overpriced ones. The aim is to make a profit irrespective of market conditions such as downtrends, uptrends and so on.

Momentum trading strategy is based on price trends and the direction they're taking. This happens where there is heavy price movement (or momentum) and traders are selling and buying assets for a period of time. Once there is a price change, the momentum changes in a different direction.

The risks of loss from investing in CFDs can be substantial and the value of your investments may fluctuate. 71% of retail client accounts lose money when trading CFDs, with this investment provider. CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. You should consider whether you understand how this product works, and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

To be an active trader one would require a solid understanding of the financial markets, trading strategies and risk management techniques. To get to this point one must first learn the basics of financial markets and trading. Then, choose a trading strategy such as scalping, day trading, swing trading or position trading. Next, develop a trading plan. After that one should choose a broker and practice trading and the trading strategy on a model account. Finally one should then execute the trading strategy live."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Is Day Trading Profitable?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Day trading can be profitable but profitability is not guaranteed. Successful day traders have a solid understanding of market trends, technical analysis and risk management. They also have the discipline and focus to execute their trading plan consistently over time. Traders should carefully weigh the benefits against the risks and limitations of day trading."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "How Do I Swing Trade?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Firstly one must learn the basics of swing trading. This involves understanding the concept of swing highs and lows, identifying trends and using technical indicators to analyze the market. Then one should choose a market to trade such as stocks, currencies or futures. After that one should develop a trading plan and analyze the respective market with that trading plan. Technical analysis is often used to find swing highs and lows, trend lines, as well as support and resistance levels.

When potential trading opportunities are identified, one should enter the trade based on the trading plan. Stop loss and profit levels should be set to manage risk and reward. The positions should be monitored and adjusted if necessary based on market conditions. Finally, post trader analysis should be done to refine one's approach to swing trading."}}]}]}] Investing Stocks  Bonds  ETFs  Options and Derivatives  Commodities  Trading  FinTech and Automated Investing  Brokers  Fundamental Analysis  Technical Analysis  Markets  View All  Simulator Login / Portfolio  Trade  Research  My Games  Leaderboard  Banking Savings Accounts  Certificates of Deposit (CDs)  Money Market Accounts  Checking Accounts  View All  Personal Finance Budgeting and Saving  Personal Loans  Insurance  Mortgages  Credit and Debt  Student Loans  Taxes  Credit Cards  Financial Literacy  Retirement  View All  News Markets  Companies  Earnings  CD Rates  Mortgage Rates  Economy  Government  Crypto  ETFs  Personal Finance  View All  Reviews Best Online Brokers  Best Savings Rates  Best CD Rates  Best Life Insurance  Best Personal Loans  Best Mortgage Rates  Best Money Market Accounts  Best Auto Loan Rates  Best Credit Repair Companies  Best Credit Cards  View All  Academy Investing for Beginners  Trading for Beginners  Become a Day Trader  Technical Analysis  All Investing Courses  All Trading Courses  View All LiveSearchSearchPlease fill out this field.SearchSearchPlease fill out this field.InvestingInvesting Stocks  Bonds  ETFs  Options and Derivatives  Commodities  Trading  FinTech and Automated Investing  Brokers  Fundamental Analysis  Technical Analysis  Markets  View All SimulatorSimulator Login / Portfolio  Trade  Research  My Games  Leaderboard BankingBanking Savings Accounts  Certificates of Deposit (CDs)  Money Market Accounts  Checking Accounts  View All Personal FinancePersonal Finance Budgeting and Saving  Personal Loans  Insurance  Mortgages  Credit and Debt  Student Loans  Taxes  Credit Cards  Financial Literacy  Retirement  View All NewsNews Markets  Companies  Earnings  CD Rates  Mortgage Rates  Economy  Government  Crypto  ETFs  Personal Finance  View All ReviewsReviews Best Online Brokers  Best Savings Rates  Best CD Rates  Best Life Insurance  Best Personal Loans  Best Mortgage Rates  Best Money Market Accounts  Best Auto Loan Rates  Best Credit Repair Companies  Best Credit Cards  View All AcademyAcademy Investing for Beginners  Trading for Beginners  Become a Day Trader  Technical Analysis  All Investing Courses  All Trading Courses  View All EconomyEconomy Government and Policy  Monetary Policy  Fiscal Policy  Economics  View All  Financial Terms  Newsletter  About Us Follow Us      Table of ContentsExpandTable of ContentsDefinition of Active Trading1. Scalping2. Day Trading3. Swing Trading4. Position TradingAdvantages of Active TradingLimitations of Active TradingActive Trading FAQsThe Bottom LineTrading StrategiesBeginners4 Common Active Trading StrategiesByKristina Zucchi Full Bio Kristina Zucchi is an investment analyst and financial writer with 15+ years of experience managing portfolios and conducting equity research.Learn about our editorial policiesUpdated March 29, 2023Reviewed byThomas Brock Reviewed byThomas BrockFull BioThomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas including investing, insurance portfolio management, finance and accounting, personal investment and financial planning advice, and development of educational materials about life insurance and annuities.Learn about our Financial Review BoardFact checked by e24fc04721

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