Widely used abbreviation LULUC (Land Use and Land Use Change) can be defined as the direct management and change of the environment from the natural state to a manageable entity like agricultural lands, grasslands, residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, and change of use of land.

1.         Soil tillage

2.         Cover crops and intercrops

3.         Rotations

4.         Organic Amendments: Compost, manure, biochar…

5.         Irrigation management

6.         Pest and pathogens control

Soil salinity is a soil degradation problem in many dryland Mediterranean agroecosystems, especially where farmers use irrigation or the groundwater is shallow. Besides the mentioned factors, proximity to the sea, or poor drainage, also increases the occurrence of salinity. Beyond notable yield depression, salinity reshapes the soil–plant–microbe system and can inhibit soil fertility resilience in the longer time scale. This lesson explains how salinity affects soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and which adaptation strategies are most effective in practice.