Strictly speaking, the term server refers to a computer program or process (running program). Through metonymy, it refers to a device used for (or a device dedicated to) running one or several server programs. On a network, such a device is called a host. In addition to server, the words serve and service (as verb and as noun respectively) are frequently used, though servicer and servant are not.[a] The word service (noun) may refer to the abstract form of functionality, e.g. Web service. Alternatively, it may refer to a computer program that turns a computer into a server, e.g. Windows service. Originally used as "servers serve users" (and "users use servers"), in the sense of "obey", today one often says that "servers serve data", in the same sense as "give". For instance, web servers "serve [up] web pages to users" or "service their requests".

The name server is used both for the hardware and software pieces. For the hardware servers, it is usually limited to mean the high-end machines although software servers can run on a variety of hardwares.


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Since servers are usually accessed over a network, many run unattended without a computer monitor or input device, audio hardware and USB interfaces. Many servers do not have a graphical user interface (GUI). They are configured and managed remotely. Remote management can be conducted via various methods including Microsoft Management Console (MMC), PowerShell, SSH and browser-based out-of-band management systems such as Dell's iDRAC or HP's iLo.

Large traditional single servers would need to be run for long periods without interruption. Availability would have to be very high, making hardware reliability and durability extremely important. Mission-critical enterprise servers would be very fault tolerant and use specialized hardware with low failure rates in order to maximize uptime. Uninterruptible power supplies might be incorporated to guard against power failure. Servers typically include hardware redundancy such as dual power supplies, RAID disk systems, and ECC memory,[10] along with extensive pre-boot memory testing and verification. Critical components might be hot swappable, allowing technicians to replace them on the running server without shutting it down, and to guard against overheating, servers might have more powerful fans or use water cooling. They will often be able to be configured, powered up and down, or rebooted remotely, using out-of-band management, typically based on IPMI. Server casings are usually flat and wide, and designed to be rack-mounted, either on 19-inch racks or on Open Racks.

These types of servers are often housed in dedicated data centers. These will normally have very stable power and Internet and increased security. Noise is also less of a concern, but power consumption and heat output can be a serious issue. Server rooms are equipped with air conditioning devices.

A server farm or server cluster is a collection of computer servers maintained by an organization to supply server functionality far beyond the capability of a single device. Modern data centers are now often built of very large clusters of much simpler servers,[11] and there is a collaborative effort, Open Compute Project around this concept.

A mobile server has a portable form factor, e.g. a laptop.[12] In contrast to large data centers or rack servers, the mobile server is designed for on-the-road or ad hoc deployment into emergency, disaster or temporary environments where traditional servers are not feasible due to their power requirements, size, and deployment time.[13] The main beneficiaries of so-called "server on the go" technology include network managers, software or database developers, training centers, military personnel, law enforcement, forensics, emergency relief groups, and service organizations.[14] To facilitate portability, features such as the keyboard, display, battery (uninterruptible power supply, to provide power redundancy in case of failure), and mouse are all integrated into the chassis.

On the Internet, the dominant operating systems among servers are UNIX-like open-source distributions, such as those based on Linux and FreeBSD,[15] with Windows Server also having a significant share. Proprietary operating systems such as z/OS and macOS Server are also deployed, but in much smaller numbers. Servers that run Linux are commonly used as Webservers or Databanks. Windows Servers are used for Networks that are made out of Windows Clients.

In 2010, data centers (servers, cooling, and other electrical infrastructure) were responsible for 1.1-1.5% of electrical energy consumption worldwide and 1.7-2.2% in the United States.[17][needs update] One estimate is that total energy consumption for information and communications technology saves more than 5 times its carbon footprint[18] in the rest of the economy by increasing efficiency.

A server can be incredibly useful in various scenarios. For example, if you have a website, you might use a web server to host your site and deliver its content to visitors. If you work in a business, a file server can help you centralize and manage data, allowing multiple users to access and share files securely. Additionally, servers are commonly used for email, database management, gaming, and running applications that require high computational power.

While both servers and regular computers have similar components like processors, memory, and storage, servers are designed to handle multiple concurrent requests from clients, making them more powerful and scalable. Servers often have more reliable hardware, better cooling systems, and can accommodate a higher number of hard drives for storage. They also typically run server-specific operating systems and software to optimize their performance for serving clients.

A rack server is a type of server that is designed to be mounted in a rack, which is a standardized framework for organizing and securing multiple servers and other networking equipment. Rack servers are compact and stackable, allowing for efficient use of space in data centers. They often come with hot-swappable components, such as hard drives and power supplies, which can be replaced without shutting down the server.

A blade server is a highly modular server design where multiple server modules, called blades, are housed within a single chassis. Each blade functions as an independent server, equipped with its own processors, memory, storage, and network interfaces. Blade servers are known for their high-density deployment, energy efficiency, and simplified management through a centralized management console.

A backup server is a server dedicated to storing and managing backup copies of data from other servers or devices. It ensures that important data is regularly copied and safeguarded against accidental loss, hardware failures, or other disruptions. Backup servers often use backup software to automate the backup process, allowing you to schedule backups, store multiple versions of files, and recover data when needed.

A database server is a specialized server that manages and provides access to databases. It stores, organizes, retrieves, and updates data, allowing applications and users to perform operations on the data. Database servers use database management systems (DBMS) to handle data processing tasks efficiently. They are commonly used in web applications, enterprise systems, and other scenarios where large amounts of structured data need to be stored and accessed.

A game server is a dedicated server or a software framework that hosts and manages online multiplayer games, allowing players to connect and interact with each other in a virtual environment. Game servers are responsible for handling the game's logic, processing player inputs, maintaining the game state, synchronizing data across all connected clients, and ensuring a smooth and consistent gaming experience. Game servers can be hosted on personal computers, local networks, or specialized server hardware in data centers. They come in various forms, such as peer-to-peer, listen servers, or dedicated servers, depending on the game's requirements and the desired level of performance, stability, and control.

Server monitoring involves continuously monitoring the health, performance, and availability of servers. It allows you to track vital metrics, detect issues or bottlenecks, and proactively address potential problems. Server monitoring tools often provide real-time alerts, performance reports, and historical data to help administrators keep servers running smoothly and troubleshoot any issues that arise.

A server virtual private network (VPN) is a network technology that enables secure remote access to a server or a network of servers. It allows users to establish an encrypted connection over the internet, providing privacy, data integrity, and authentication. By using a server VPN, you can securely access server resources, work remotely, or connect branch offices to a central server network.

Server clustering involves connecting multiple servers together to work as a single system, sharing resources and providing redundancy. Clustering enhances performance, improves fault tolerance, and allows for high availability of services. If one server fails, others in the cluster can take over its responsibilities, minimizing downtime and ensuring continuity of service.

How Lenovo helped the LCR Group, a Qube Company, bring cloud computing underground with a new hyperconverged infrastructure using Lenovo ThinkAgile HX3320 cluster and ThinkSystem SR550 servers at their disaster recovery site to protect their data.

Lenovo rack servers deliver high value with a small, organized footprint. These servers are easily expandable and scalable, while able to handle most data center workloads. Our rack servers are ideal for medium to large businesses that are preparing to scale and need to meet mission-critical demands. The vast memory and storage capacity should be more than enough for your business needs. ff782bc1db

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