What are Google's Most Important Ranking Factors?

In a nutshell, Google is looking for pages and websites that deliver a valuable quality content and a good overall user experience for users of Google’s search engine.

While Google doesn’t disclose exactly what they consider signals of quality and good user experience, it can be summarized as the following categories:

• User Intent - (meaning of the query)

• What is the user attempting to accomplish?

• Relevance of webpages

• Is the webpage content related to the user’s intent?

• Authority - (Quality and volume of backlinks)

• Is the webpage/website authoritative as indicated by backlinks from other authoritative websites?

• Quality of content

• Does the content help the user accomplish their intent?

• Usability of webpages

• Does the website load quickly and is easy to navigate and interact with on the user’s device?

• Context and settings

• What is the user’s location and past search behavior?

Additional information:

https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/how-search-works/ranking-results/