A Comparsion of State-of-the art Smart Contract Analysis Tools

Link Reference:

1. Jiachi Chen, Xin Xia, David Lo, John Grundy, Xiapu Luo, and Ting Chen. 2022. DefectChecker: Automated Smart Contract Defect Detection by Analyzing EVM Bytecode. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 48, 7 (2022), 2189–2207. https: //doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2021.3054928 

2. Zhenyu Pan, Tianyuan Hu, Chen Qian, and Bixin Li. 2021. ReDefender: A Tool for Detecting Reentrancy Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts Effectively. In 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security, QRS 2021, Hainan, China, December 6-10, 2021. IEEE, 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1109/QRS54544.2021.00101 

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5. Ling Jin, Yinzhi Cao, Yan Chen, Di Zhang, and Simone Campanoni. 2022. EXGEN: Cross-platform, Automated Exploit Generation for Smart Contract Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (2022).

6. Qingren Zeng, Jiahao He, Gansen Zhao, Shuangyin Li, Jingji Yang, Hua Tang, and Haoyu Luo. 2022. EtherGIS: A Vulnerability Detection Framework for Ethereum Smart Contracts Based on Graph Learning Features. In 46th IEEE Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conferenc, COMPSAC 2022, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, June 27 - July 1, 2022. IEEE, 1742–1749. 

7. Jiaming Ye, Mingliang Ma, Yun Lin, Lei Ma, Yinxing Xue, and Jianjun Zhao. 2022. Vulpedia: Detecting vulnerable ethereum smart contracts via abstracted vulnerability signatures. J. Syst. Softw. 192 (2022), 111410. 

8. Wenyuan Li, Jiahao He, Gansen Zhao, Jinji Yang, Shuangyin Li, Ruilin Lai, Ping Li, Hua Tang, Haoyu Luo, and Ziheng Zhou. 2022. EOSIOAnalyzer: An Effective Static Analysis Vulnerability Detection Framework for EOSIO Smart Contracts. In 46th IEEE Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conferenc, COMPSAC 2022, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, June 27 - July 1, 2022. IEEE, 746–756. 

9. Siwei Cui, Gang Zhao, Yifei Gao, Tien Tavu, and Jeff Huang. 2022. VRust: Automated Vulnerability Detection for Solana Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2022, Los Angeles, CA, USA, November 7-11, 2022. ACM, 639–652. 

10. Yue Duan, Xin Zhao, Yu Pan, Shucheng Li, Minghao Li, Fengyuan Xu, and Mu Zhang. 2022. Towards automated safety vetting of smart contracts in decentralized applications. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 921–935. 

11. Seon-Jin Hwang, Seok-Hwan Choi, Jinmyeong Shin, and Yoon-Ho Choi. 2022. CodeNet: Code-targeted convolutional neural network architecture for smart contract vulnerability detection. IEEE Access 10 (2022), 32595–32607. 

12. Asem Ghaleb, Julia Rubin, and Karthik Pattabiraman. 2022. eTainter: detecting gas-related vulnerabilities in smart contracts. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. 728– 739. 

13. SmartContractTools. 2022. SmartFast. Retrieved Jan 1, 2023 from https://github.com/SmartContractTools/SmartFast 

14. Weiliang Dong, Teng Zhou, and Dapeng Yan. 2022. SolChecker: A Practical Static Analysis Framework for Ethereum Smart Contract. In 2022 International Conference on Networks, Communications and Information Technology (CNCIT). IEEE, 179–186. 

15. Ye Yuan and TongYi Xie. 2022. SVChecker: a deep learning-based system for smart contract vulnerability detection. In International Conference on Computer Application and Information Security (ICCAIS 2021), Vol. 12260. SPIE, 226– 231. 

16. Namrata Jain, Kosuke Kaneko, and Subodh Sharma. 2022. SKLEE: A Dynamic Symbolic Analysis Tool for Ethereum Smart Contracts (Tool Paper). In Software Engineering and Formal Methods: 20th International Conference, SEFM 2022, Berlin, Germany, September 26–30, 2022, Proceedings. Springer, 244–250. 

17. Priyanka Bose, Dipanjan Das, Yanju Chen, Yu Feng, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna. 2022. Sailfish: Vetting smart contract state-inconsistency bugs in seconds. In 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 161– 178. 

18. Shaokai Lin, Xinyuan Sun, Jianan Yao, and Ronghui Gu. 2022. Scivik: A versatile framework for specifying and verifying smart contracts. In Memorial Volume for Shoucheng Zhang. World Scientific, 403–437. 

19. Lukasz Mazurek. 2021. EthVer: Formal Verification of Randomized Ethereum Smart Contracts. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC 2021 International Workshops - CoDecFin, DeFi, VOTING, and WTSC, Virtual Event, March 5, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12676). Springer, 364–380.

20. Jon Stephens, Kostas Ferles, Benjamin Mariano, Shuvendu Lahiri, and Isil Dillig. 2021. SmartPulse: automated checking of temporal properties in smart contracts. In 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 555–571. 

21. Fuchen Ma, Zhenyang Xu, Meng Ren, Zijing Yin, Yuanliang Chen, Lei Qiao, Bin Gu, Huizhong Li, Yu Jiang, and Jiaguang Sun. 2021. Pluto: Exposing vulnerabilities in inter-contract scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 48, 11 (2021), 4380–4396.

22. Liyi Zhou, Kaihua Qin, Christof Ferreira Torres, Duc Viet Le, and Arthur Gervais. 2021. High-Frequency Trading on Decentralized On-Chain Exchanges. In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021, San Francisco, CA, USA, 24-27 May 2021. IEEE, 428–445. 

23. Christof Ferreira Torres, Antonio Ken Iannillo, Arthur Gervais, and Radu State. 2021. ConFuzzius: A Data Dependency-Aware Hybrid Fuzzer for Smart Contracts. In IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy, EuroS&P 2021, Vienna, Austria, September 6-10, 2021. IEEE, 103–119.

24. Behkish Nassirzadeh, Huaiying Sun, Sebastian Banescu, and Vijay Ganesh. 2021. Gas Gauge: A Security Analysis Tool for Smart Contract Out-of-Gas Vulnerabilities. CoRR abs/2112.14771 (2021). arXiv:2112.14771 https://arxiv. org/abs/2112.14771 

25. Nami Ashizawa, Naoto Yanai, Jason Paul Cruz, and Shingo Okamura. 2021. Eth2Vec: Learning Contract-Wide Code Representations for Vulnerability Detection on Ethereum Smart Contracts. In BSCI ’21: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure, Virtual Event, Hong Kong, June 7, 2021. ACM, 47–59. 

26. Ning Lu, Bin Wang, Yongxin Zhang, Wenbo Shi, and Christian Esposito. 2021. NeuCheck: A more practical Ethereum smart contract security analysis tool. Softw. Pract. Exp. 51, 10 (2021), 2065–2084. 

27. Noama Fatima Samreen and Manar H. Alalfi. 2021. SmartScan: An approach to detect Denial of Service Vulnerability in Ethereum Smart Contracts. In 4th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain, WETSEB@ICSE 2021, Madrid, Spain, May 31, 2021. IEEE, 17-26.

28. Purathani Praitheeshan, Lei Pan, Xi Zheng, Alireza Jolfaei, and Robin Doss. 2021. SolGuard: Preventing external call issues in smart contract-based multi-agent robotic systems. Inf. Sci. 579 (2021), 150–166. 

29. Pedro Antonino and A. W. Roscoe. 2021. Solidifier: bounded model checking solidity using lazy contract deployment and precise memory modelling. In SAC ’21: The 36th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, Virtual Event, Republic of Korea, March 22-26, 2021. ACM, 1788–1797. 

30. Rutao Yu, Jiangang Shu, Dekai Yan, and Xiaohua Jia. 2021. ReDetect: Reentrancy Vulnerability Detection in Smart Contracts with High Accuracy. In 17th International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking, MSN 2021, Exeter, United Kingdom, December 13-15, 2021. IEEE, 412–419. 

31. Ting Chen, Youzheng Feng, Zihao Li, Hao Zhou, Xiapu Luo, Xiaoqi Li, Xiuzhuo Xiao, Jiachi Chen, and Xiaosong Zhang. 2021. GasChecker: Scalable Analysis for Discovering Gas-Inefficient Smart Contracts. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 9, 3 (2021), 1433–1448. 

32. Sunbeom So, Seongjoon Hong, and Hakjoo Oh. 2021. SmarTest: Effectively Hunting Vulnerable Transaction Sequences in Smart Contracts through Language Model-Guided Symbolic Execution. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021, August 11-13, 2021. USENIX Association, 1361-1378.

33. Christof Ferreira Torres, Ramiro Camino, and Radu State. 2021. Frontrunner Jones and the Raiders of the Dark Forest: An Empirical Study of Frontrunning on the Ethereum Blockchain. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2021, August 11-13, 2021. USENIX Association, 1343–1359. 

34. Liyi Zhou, Kaihua Qin, Christof Ferreira Torres, Duc Viet Le, and Arthur Gervais. 2021. High-Frequency Trading on Decentralized On-Chain Exchanges. In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021, San Francisco, CA, USA, 24-27 May 2021. IEEE, 428–445. 

35. Wei Wang, Jingjing Song, Guangquan Xu, Yidong Li, Hao Wang, and Chunhua Su. 2021. ContractWard: Automated Vulnerability Detection Models for Ethereum Smart Contracts. IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng. 8, 2 (2021), 1133–1144. 

36. Oliver Lutz, Huili Chen, Hossein Fereidooni, Christoph Sendner, Alexandra Dmitrienko, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, and Farinaz Koushanfar. 2021. ESCORT: Ethereum Smart COntRacTs Vulnerability Detection using Deep Neural Network and Transfer Learning. CoRR abs/2103.12607 (2021). arXiv:2103.12607 https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.12607 

37. Sunbeom So, Myungho Lee, Jisu Park, Heejo Lee, and Hakjoo Oh. 2020. VERISMART: A Highly Precise Safety Verifier for Ethereum Smart Contracts. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2020, San Francisco, CA, USA, May 18-21, 2020. IEEE, 1678–1694. 

38. Anastasia Mavridou and Aron Laszka. 2018. Tool Demonstration: FSolidM for Designing Secure Ethereum Smart Contracts. In Principles of Security and Trust - 7th International Conference, POST 2018, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 14-20, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10804). Springer, 270–277. 

39. Anastasia Mavridou, Aron Laszka, Emmanouela Stachtiari, and Abhishek Dubey. 2019. VeriSolid: Correct-by-Design Smart Contracts for Ethereum. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security - 23rd International Conference, FC 2019, Frigate Bay, St. Kitts and Nevis, February 18-22, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11598). Springer, 446–465. 

40. Keerthi Nelaturu, Anastasia Mavridou, Andreas G. Veneris, and Aron Laszka. 2020. Verified Development and Deployment of Multiple Interacting Smart Contracts with VeriSolid. In IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, ICBC 2020, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 2-6, 2020. IEEE, 1–9. 

41. Joel Frank, Cornelius Aschermann, and Thorsten Holz. 2020. ETHBMC: A Bounded Model Checker for Smart Contracts. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2020, August 12-14, 2020. USENIX Association, 2757– 2774. 

42. Tai D. Nguyen, Long H. Pham, Jun Sun, Yun Lin, and Quang Tran Minh. 2020. sFuzz: an efficient adaptive fuzzer for solidity smart contracts. In ICSE ’20: 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Seoul, South Korea, 27 June - 19 July, 2020. ACM, 778–788. 

43. Yuan Zhuang, Zhenguang Liu, Peng Qian, Qi Liu, Xiang Wang, and Qinming He. 2020. Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection using Graph Neural Network. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2020. ijcai.org, 3283–3290. 

44. Xinming Wang, Jiahao He, Zhijian Xie, Gansen Zhao, and Shing-Chi Cheung. 2020. ContractGuard: Defend Ethereum Smart Contracts with Embedded Intrusion Detection. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 13, 2 (2020), 314–328. 

45. Lexi Brent, Neville Grech, Sifis Lagouvardos, Bernhard Scholz, and Yannis Smaragdakis. 2020. Ethainter: a smart contract security analyzer for composite vulnerabilities. In Proceedings of the 41st ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2020, London, UK, June 15-20, 2020. ACM, 454–469.

46. Clara Schneidewind, Ilya Grishchenko, Markus Scherer, and Matteo Maffei. 2020. eThor: Practical and Provably Sound Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts. In CCS ’20: 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Virtual Event, USA, November 9-13, 2020. ACM, 621–640. 

47. Yuyao Zhang, Siqi Ma, Juanru Li, Kailai Li, Surya Nepal, and Dawu Gu. 2020. SMARTSHIELD: Automatic Smart Contract Protection Made Easy. In 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2020, London, ON, Canada, February 18-21, 2020. IEEE, 23–34. 

48. Anton Permenev, Dimitar K. Dimitrov, Petar Tsankov, Dana Drachsler-Cohen, and Martin T. Vechev. 2020. VerX: Safety Verification of Smart Contracts. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2020, San Francisco, CA, USA, May 18-21, 2020. IEEE, 1661–1677. 

49. Elvira Albert, Jesús Correas, Pablo Gordillo, Guillermo Román-Díez, and Albert Rubio. 2020. GASOL: Gas Analysis and Optimization for Ethereum Smart Contracts. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems - 26th International Conference, TACAS 2020, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020, Dublin, Ireland, April 25-30, 2020, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12079). Springer, 118–125. 

50. Yuichiro Chinen, Naoto Yanai, Jason Paul Cruz, and Shingo Okamura. 2020. RA: Hunting for Re-Entrancy Attacks in Ethereum Smart Contracts via Static Analysis. In IEEE International Conference on Blockchain, Blockchain 2020, Rhodes, Greece, November 2-6, 2020. IEEE, 327–336. 

51. Qingzhao Zhang, Yizhuo Wang, Juanru Li, and Siqi Ma. 2020. EthPloit: From Fuzzing to Efficient Exploit Generation against Smart Contracts. In 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2020, London, ON, Canada, February 18-21, 2020. IEEE, 116–126. 

52. Valentin Wüstholz and Maria Christakis. 2020. Harvey: a greybox fuzzer for smart contracts. In ESEC/FSE ’20: 28th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, Virtual Event, USA, November 8-13, 2020. ACM, 1398–1409. 

53. Ting Chen, Rong Cao, Ting Li, Xiapu Luo, Guofei Gu, Yufei Zhang, Zhou Liao, Hang Zhu, Gang Chen, Zheyuan He, Yuxing Tang, Xiaodong Lin, and Xiaosong Zhang. 2020. SODA: A Generic Online Detection Framework for Smart Contracts. In 27th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2020, San Diego, California, USA, February 23-26, 2020. The Internet Society.

54. Ao Li, Jemin Andrew Choi, and Fan Long. 2020. Securing smart contract with runtime validation. In Proceedings of the 41st ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2020, London, UK, June 15-20, 2020. ACM, 438–453. 

55. Mengya Zhang, Xiaokuan Zhang, Yinqian Zhang, and Zhiqiang Lin. 2020. TXSPECTOR: Uncovering Attacks in Ethereum from Transactions. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2020, August 12-14, 2020. USENIX Association, 2775–2792. 

56. Elvira Albert, Pablo Gordillo, Albert Rubio, and Ilya Sergey. 2019. Running on Fumes - Preventing Out-of-Gas Vulnerabilities in Ethereum Smart Contracts Using Static Resource Analysis. In Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems - 13th International Conference, VECoS 2019, Porto, Portugal, October 9, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11847). Springer, 63–78. 

57. Christof Ferreira Torres, Mathis Baden, Robert Norvill, and Hugo Jonker. 2019. ÆGIS: Smart Shielding of Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2019, London, UK, November 11-15, 2019. ACM, 2589–2591. 

58. Christof Ferreira Torres, Mathis Baden, Robert Norvill, Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros, Hugo Jonker, and Sjouke Mauw. 2020. ÆGIS: Shielding Vulnerable Smart Contracts Against Attacks. In ASIA CCS ’20: The 15th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Taipei, Taiwan, October 5-9, 2020. ACM, 584–597. 

59. Peng Qian, Zhenguang Liu, Qinming He, Roger Zimmermann, and Xun Wang. 2020. Towards Automated Reentrancy Detection for Smart Contracts Based on Sequential Models. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 19685–19695. 

60. Michael Rodler, Wenting Li, Ghassan O. Karame, and Lucas Davi. 2019. Sereum: Protecting Existing Smart Contracts Against Re-Entrancy Attacks. In 26th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2019, San Diego, California, USA, February 24-27, 2019. The Internet Society.

61. Konrad Weiss and Julian Schütte. 2019. Annotary: A Concolic Execution System for Developing Secure Smart Contracts. In Computer Security - ESORICS 2019 - 24th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, Luxembourg, September 23-27, 2019, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11735). Springer, 747–766.

62. Pengcheng Zhang, Feng Xiao, and Xiapu Luo. 2019. SolidityCheck : Quickly Detecting Smart Contract Problems Through Regular Expressions. CoRR abs/1911.09425 (2019). arXiv:1911.09425 http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09425 

63. Josselin Feist, Gustavo Grieco, and Alex Groce. 2019. Slither: a static analysis framework for smart contracts. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain, WETSEB@ICSE 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 27, 2019. IEEE / ACM, 8–15. 

64. Ákos Hajdu and Dejan Jovanovic. 2019. solc-verify: A Modular Verifier for Solidity Smart Contracts. In Verified Software. Theories, Tools, and Experiments - 11th International Conference, VSTTE 2019, New York City, NY, USA, July 13-14, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12031). Springer, 161–179. 

65. Christof Ferreira Torres, Mathis Steichen, and Radu State. 2019. The Art of The Scam: Demystifying Honeypots in Ethereum Smart Contracts. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2019, Santa Clara, CA, USA, August 14-16, 2019. USENIX Association, 1591–1607. 

66. Jingxuan He, Mislav Balunovic, Nodar Ambroladze, Petar Tsankov, and Martin T. Vechev. 2019. Learning to Fuzz from Symbolic Execution with Application to Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2019, London, UK, November 11-15, 2019. ACM, 531–548.

67. Haijun Wang, Yi Li, Shang-Wei Lin, Lei Ma, and Yang Liu. 2019. Vultron: catching vulnerable smart contracts once and for all. In Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results, ICSE (NIER) 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 29-31, 2019. IEEE / ACM, 1–4. 

68. Chao Peng, Sefa Akca, and Ajitha Rajan. 2019. SIF: A Framework for Solidity Contract Instrumentation and Analysis. In 26th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 2019, Putrajaya, Malaysia, December 2-5, 2019. IEEE, 466– 473.

69. Sefa Akca, Ajitha Rajan, and Chao Peng. 2019. SolAnalyser: A Framework for Analysing and Testing Smart Contracts. In 26th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 2019, Putrajaya, Malaysia, December 2-5, 2019. IEEE, 482– 489.

70. Jialiang Chang, Bo Gao, Hao Xiao, Jun Sun, Yan Cai, and Zijiang Yang. 2019. sCompile: Critical Path Identification and Analysis for Smart Contracts. In Formal Methods and Software Engineering - 21st International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2019, Shenzhen, China, November 5-9, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11852). Springer, 286–304. 

71. Zheng Yang and Hang Lei. 2019. FEther: An Extensible Definitional Interpreter for Smart-Contract Verifications in Coq. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 37770–37791. 

72. Shuai Wang, Chengyu Zhang, and Zhendong Su. 2019. Detecting nondeterministic payment bugs in Ethereum smart contracts. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 3, OOPSLA (2019), 189:1–189:29. 

73. Jian-Wei Liao, Tsung-Ta Tsai, Chia-Kang He, and Chin-Wei Tien. 2019. SoliAudit: Smart Contract Vulnerability Assessment Based on Machine Learning and Fuzz Testing. In Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security, IOTSMS 2019, Granada, Spain, October 22-25, 2019. IEEE, 458–465. 

74. Mark Mossberg, Felipe Manzano, Eric Hennenfent, Alex Groce, Gustavo Grieco, Josselin Feist, Trent Brunson, and Artem Dinaburg. 2019. Manticore: A User-Friendly Symbolic Execution Framework for Binaries and Smart Contracts. In 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2019, San Diego, CA, USA, November 11-15, 2019. IEEE, 1186–1189. 

75. Yuepeng Wang, Shuvendu K Lahiri, Shuo Chen, Rong Pan, Isil Dillig, Cody Born, and Immad Naseer. 2018. Formal specification and verification of smart contracts for azure blockchain. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.08829 (2018). 

76. Everett Hildenbrandt, Manasvi Saxena, Nishant Rodrigues, Xiaoran Zhu, Philip Daian, Dwight Guth, Brandon M. Moore, Daejun Park, Yi Zhang, Andrei Stefanescu, and Grigore Rosu. 2018. KEVM: A Complete Formal Semantics of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. In 31st IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium, CSF 2018, Oxford, United Kingdom, July 9-12, 2018. IEEE Computer Society, 204–217.

77. Daejun Park, Yi Zhang, Manasvi Saxena, Philip Daian, and Grigore Rosu. 2018. A formal verification tool for Ethereum VM bytecode. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE 2018, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, November 04-09, 2018. ACM, 912–915. 

78. Sidney Amani, Myriam Bégel, Maksym Bortin, and Mark Staples. 2018. Towards verifying ethereum smart contract bytecode in Isabelle/HOL. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs, CPP 2018, Los Angeles, CA, USA, January 8-9, 2018. ACM, 66–77. 

79. Péter Hegedüs. 2018. Towards Analyzing the Complexity Landscape of Solidity Based Ethereum Smart Contracts. In 1st IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain, WETSEB@ICSE 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 27 - June 3, 2018. ACM, 35–39.

80. Lexi Brent, Anton Jurisevic, Michael Kong, Eric Liu, François Gauthier, Vincent Gramoli, Ralph Holz, and Bernhard Scholz. 2018. Vandal: A Scalable Security Analysis Framework for Smart Contracts. CoRR abs/1809.03981 (2018). arXiv:1809.03981 http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.03981 

81. Ivica Nikolic, Aashish Kolluri, Ilya Sergey, Prateek Saxena, and Aquinas Hobor. 2018. Finding The Greedy, Prodigal, and Suicidal Contracts at Scale. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2018, San Juan, PR, USA, December 03-07, 2018. ACM, 653–663. 

82. Petar Tsankov, Andrei Marian Dan, Dana Drachsler-Cohen, Arthur Gervais, Florian Bünzli, and Martin T. Vechev. 2018. Securify: Practical Security Analysis of Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2018, Toronto, ON, Canada, October 15-19, 2018. ACM, 67–82. 

83. Johannes Krupp and Christian Rossow. 2018. teEther: Gnawing at Ethereum to Automatically Exploit Smart Contracts. In 27th USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Security 2018, Baltimore, MD, USA, August 15-17, 2018. USENIX Association, 1317–1333.

84. Christof Ferreira Torres, Julian Schütte, and Radu State. 2018. Osiris: Hunting for Integer Bugs in Ethereum Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2018, San Juan, PR, USA, December 03-07, 2018. ACM, 664–676. 

85. Wesley Joon-Wie Tann, Xing Jie Han, Sourav Sen Gupta, and Yew-Soon Ong. 2018. Towards Safer Smart Contracts: A Sequence Learning Approach to Detecting Vulnerabilities. CoRR abs/1811.06632 (2018). arXiv:1811.06632 http: //arxiv.org/abs/1811.06632 

86. Bo Jiang, Ye Liu, and W. K. Chan. 2018. ContractFuzzer: fuzzing smart contracts for vulnerability detection. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2018, Montpellier, France, September 3-7, 2018. ACM, 259–269. 

87. Ilya Grishchenko, Matteo Maffei, and Clara Schneidewind. 2018. Foundations and Tools for the Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts. In Computer Aided Verification - 30th International Conference, CAV 2018, Held as Part of the Federated Logic Conference, FloC 2018, Oxford, UK, July 14-17, 2018, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10981). Springer, 51–78.

88. Sukrit Kalra, Seep Goel, Mohan Dhawan, and Subodh Sharma. 2018. ZEUS: Analyzing Safety of Smart Contracts. In 25th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2018, San Diego, California, USA, February 18-21, 2018. The Internet Society. 

89. Ence Zhou, Song Hua, Bingfeng Pi, Jun Sun, Yashihide Nomura, Kazuhiro Yamashita, and Hidetoshi Kurihara. 2018. Security Assurance for Smart Contract. In 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security, NTMS 2018, Paris, France, February 26-28, 2018. IEEE, 1–5. 

90. Chao Liu, Han Liu, Zhao Cao, Zhong Chen, Bangdao Chen, and Bill Roscoe. 2018. ReGuard: finding reentrancy bugs in smart contracts. In Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings, ICSE 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 27 - June 03, 2018. ACM, 65–68. 

91. Neville Grech, Michael Kong, Anton Jurisevic, Lexi Brent, Bernhard Scholz, and Yannis Smaragdakis. 2018. MadMax: surviving out-of-gas conditions in Ethereum smart contracts. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 2, OOPSLA (2018), 116:1– 116:27. 

92. Shaun Azzopardi, Joshua Ellul, and Gordon J. Pace. 2018. Monitoring Smart Contracts: ContractLarva and Open Challenges Beyond. In Runtime Verification - 18th International Conference, RV 2018, Limassol, Cyprus, November 10-13, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11237). Springer, 113–137. 

93. Sergei Tikhomirov, Ekaterina Voskresenskaya, Ivan Ivanitskiy, Ramil Takhaviev, Evgeny Marchenko, and Yaroslav Alexandrov. 2018. SmartCheck: Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts. In 1st IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain, WETSEB@ICSE 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 27 - June 3, 2018. ACM, 9–16. 

94. Elvira Albert, Pablo Gordillo, Benjamin Livshits, Albert Rubio, and Ilya Sergey. 2018. EthIR: A Framework for HighLevel Analysis of Ethereum Bytecode. In Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis - 16th International Symposium, ATVA 2018, Los Angeles, CA, USA, October 7-10, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11138). Springer, 513–520. 

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