PE and PA eligibility: applicants must generally be citizens or permanent residents of an eligible country: the US, Canada, EU countries, the UK, Switzerland, Norway, or Russia for PE; designated ASEAN or African countries for PA. An alternative route is available to eligible applicants with at least three continuous years of research at an institution in an eligible country. Additional nationality, residency, and previous-fellowship restrictions apply.
Standard, PE, and PA benefits: JSPS allowances are exempt from Japanese tax under the program rules. Round-trip airfare, insurance, and a ¥200,000 settling-in allowance are provided subject to conditions. For PE and PA, the settling-in allowance requires a stay of at least three months.
Summer and Invitational benefits: round-trip airfare and insurance are provided in addition to the listed allowances, subject to conditions.
Application routes and deadlines: the months listed above refer to deadlines for institutions to submit applications to JSPS. Internal institutional deadlines are earlier, so contact me well in advance. Standard and PE also offer overseas nomination routes; Summer and PA applications go through overseas nominating authorities, whose deadlines vary.
Check the linked pages for full eligibility rules, the applicable PhD eligibility dates and exceptions, and current funding and deadlines.