Online news sites provide diaspora Nigerians and Nigeria students with access to diverse perspectives on issues impacting Nigeria about the international community. They can read news from a range of sources, including mainstream media, alternative media, and independent journalists, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues. Online news sites can be beneficial for diaspora Nigerians and Nigerian students who may prefer to read news in their native language. Many online news sites offer news in multiple languages, allowing individuals to access news in the language they are most comfortable with. They are easily accessible and can be read at any time, from any location. This is mostly convenient for diaspora Nigerians and Nigerian students who may have busy schedules or limited access to traditional news sources of radio and television. Also, online news sites can provide educational value for Nigerian students studying abroad. By reading news from their home country, they can expand their understanding of Nigerian culture, politics and society, which can be beneficial for their academic studies and future career prospects.
Asemah-Ibrahim et al. (2022) claim that since Ukraine got its independence in 1991, there has been a clear escalation in the tensions that exist between the country and Russia even though Ukraine had been one of the most powerful Russian satellite republics and its politics, oligarchs and companies have been heavily affected by Russian institutions. Ukraine, however, started trying to institutionalise its democracy in later years and the Orange Revolution which took place in Kyiv between 2004 and 2005 was one of the protests to oppose the influence of Russian politics on a legally independent Ukraine (Fengler 2020).
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Splidsboel (2015) argues that the invasion and annexation of the Crimea peninsula in 2014 led to the beginning of a full-blown conflict between the two countries, and the Crimea annexation was made official through a referendum that was slanted toward the propaganda of demonisation of the Ukrainian authority and the control of the voting process. In 2021, without providing any explanation, Russia started moving troops and military equipment (including armour, missiles, and other heavy weaponry) near its border with Ukraine, and on the 24th of February 2022, Russia began its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and this invasion has led to a full-scale ongoing war between the two countries.
According to International Rescue Committee (2022), more than 6.5 million people have been displaced inside the country, with over 4 million people being compelled to leave for neighbouring countries and over 700 Ukrainian residents having allegedly been murdered in the Russian strikes. Additionally, due to inaccessible roads and bridges, thousands of people are now without access to essential water, heat, power and medical services. Similarly, BBC (2022) reports that the war has resulted in hundreds of deaths and that cities like Mariupol are already in ruins. The conflict jeopardised worldwide commerce and economic development harmed world peace and caused global fuel and food problems.
Sahara Reporters is a news agency founded in 2006 by Sowore Omoyele. It is headquartered in New York City and focuses on promoting citizen journalism by encouraging everyday people to report stories about corruption, human rights abuses and other political misconduct in the world and Africa, with a special focus on Nigeria. It has become one of the most influential news sources in Africa, with a focus on investigative journalism and human rights reporting. In recent years, the online newspaper has become increasingly focused on covering the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, with a particular emphasis on the human rights violations occurring in the region. Sahara Reporters has consistently exposed violations of international law by both sides, including allegations of war crimes by the Russian-backed separatists in Ukraine. It has also reported on the international response to the crisis, and the political negotiations that are taking place.
The independence of the mass media during times of war may help to hasten the resolution of the war (Abiodun and Nwaoboli 2023). Also, reports from a media organisation reporting biased incidents of the war can easily incite its audience and stakeholders to escalate the war. In addition, the role of the media in every conflict depends on the relationship the said media has with the actors in the conflict. The way the media covers wars has an impact on how the world reacts to such wars as well (Puddephatt 2006). In other words, how much a dispute is reported in the media affects how the international community, stakeholders of the war and the media audiences react to it. This implies that if a problem is not prominently included in online media reportage, it may not be given any attention.
Puddephatt (2006) adds that the media is often used to support or facilitate wars and conflicts and that those involved in them frequently utilize it to create the political circumstances for their wins. For instance, the media helped lay the groundwork for the former Yugoslavia conflict and was essential in swaying public opinion in favour of the combatants. When it sides with one of the parties in a battle, the media particularly contributes significantly to conflict resolution. This action promotes the role of peace journalism and aids the media in maintaining their professional independence during times of conflict and war (Puddephatt 2006). Instead of becoming engaged by choosing sides in the fight, the media can make an effort to uphold its ethics and professionalism by focusing on informing the public about the truth about conflicts or wars. The differing views of each media institution, as well as the disparities in their financiers and owners who would each want to project their thoughts or perspectives regarding the conflict or war, may make this task challenging for media companies (Humprechtt 2019).
The data also suggest that both news outlets recognised the importance of reporting on the experiences of Nigerians living abroad and the potential impact that the conflict could have on this community. This is particularly significant given that neither Sahara Reporters nor Premium Times is a Russian or Ukrainian newspaper, and the conflict was not directly related to Nigeria.
Also, the higher frequency of reportage of the war by Premium Times compared to Sahara Reporters may indicate differences in editorial priorities and resources between the two news outlets. It could be that Premium Times had more reporters on the ground in the region or a larger editorial team dedicated to covering the conflict, which allowed them to sustain a higher level of coverage over time. The declining frequency of reportage by Sahara Reporters as the war prolonged may reflect changes in the news cycle or the availability of newsworthy events related to the conflict. It could also suggest that Sahara Reporters was prioritizing other stories or topics during this period, or that they faced resource constraints that limited their ability to sustain coverage of the war.
The high frequency of reportage on the effects of the war on Nigerians in the diaspora may reflect an editorial decision to prioritise stories that have a direct impact on their readership. As many Nigerians have family members living or studying in Ukraine or Russia, reporting on the impact of the conflict on this community may have resonated with their readership on a personal level. Similarly, the fact that this frame had the highest frequency in both Sahara Reporters and Premium Times could indicate a lack of diversity in the frames used by the two news outlets. While reporting on the impact of the war on Nigerians in the diaspora is important, it is also essential to consider other frames, such as the geopolitical implications of the conflict or the human rights violations committed during the war. Overall, the calculated chi-square value of 9.08 indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in the reporting of the frames between Sahara Reporters and Premium Times.
Osakue Stevenson Omoera, PhD, is chair of the Department of Theatre and Film Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. His research interests include the sociology of the media, Nollywood studies, development communication, African theatre performance, and cultural communication.
Emeke Precious Nwaoboli is a PhD candidate at the Department of Mass Communication, College of Management and Social Sciences, Glorious Vision University, Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria. His research focuses on digital/emerging media and broadcast media. He is a member of the African Council for Communication Education (ACCE).
Mr. Sowore, 40, is not based in Abuja, Lagos or anywhere nearby, but in a cluttered seventh-floor office in Manhattan. Armed with a laptop and a server, he has established his website, Sahara Reporters, as a major player in the Nigerian press, despite being 5,000 miles away.
And he is only one of a growing number of New York-based journalists in exile taking advantage of cheap and easy Web-publishing technology, and the growing access in the developing world to the Web, to report with impunity from afar.
A recent report from the Committee to Protect Journalists, an organisation devoted to promoting press freedom, counted at least 649 journalists from around the world forced into exile over the past decade, with 91 per cent unable to return home, and only 22 per cent able to work in their profession. These include reporters from dictatorships but also from democracies where working as a truth-seeking reporter can be a dangerous proposition.
Mr. Sowore grew up in a small village on the Niger River Delta where, he said, corrupt government officials reaped the benefits of the region's oil-rich land while doing little to improve the lives of its impoverished residents. That experience impelled him to become a leader of anti-government activists while a student at the University of Lagos, a position that he said resulted in his being harassed, abducted and ultimately tortured at the hands of the pro-government police. 152ee80cbc
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