If anyone is wanting to drive in Zambia for any length of time you need a valid Zambian driving licence. Your EU/US/other driving licence will be fine for a while, but you will need a local one before 3 months are up. Yesterday I got the necessary forms from RATSA, the Road Traffic and Safety Agency, paid my 50 ngwee (about 8p) for a medical form and was told to get it signed at the hospital.

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Background:  Primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is an effective treatment option for reducing pain and improving function for patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy, irreparable rotator cuff tears, glenoid deformity, and other challenging clinical scenarios, including fracture sequelae and revision shoulder arthroplasty. There has been a wide range of reported outcomes and postoperative complication rates reported in the literature. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an updated review of the clinical outcomes and complication rates following primary rTSA.

Methods:  A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate outcomes and complications following primary rTSA according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Demographics, range of motion, patient-reported outcome measures (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form [ASES] and Constant scores), number of complications, and revisions were extracted, recorded, and analyzed from the included articles.

Results:  Of the 1415 studies screened, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria comprising a total of 5824 shoulders. The mean age at the time of surgery was 72 years (range: 34-93), and the mean follow-up was 3.9 years (range: 2-16). Patients demonstrated a mean improvement of 56 in active flexion, 50 in active abduction, and 14 in active external rotation. Regarding functional outcome scores, rTSA patients demonstrated a mean clinically significant improvement of 37 in Constant score (minimal clinically important difference [MCID] = 5.7) and ASES score (42.0; MCID = 13.6). The overall complication rate for rTSA was 9.4% and revision rate of 2.6%. Complications were further subdivided into major medical complications (0.07%), shoulder- or surgical-related complications (5.3%), and infections (1.2%). The most frequently reported shoulder- or surgical-related complications were scapular notching (14.4%), periprosthetic fracture (0.8%), glenoid loosening (0.7%), and prosthetic dislocation (0.7%).

A retrospective review was conducted at a single academic medical center identifying a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing rTSA between 2018 and 2020. The minimum follow-up time was 2 years. Patients were stratified into two groups for comparative analyses (y65 and o65). Patient demographics, perioperative and postoperative data, and functional outcomes were collected. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to determine survivorship, defined as revision surgery or implant failure.

The decision to perform an anatomic shoulder replacement versus a reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) depends on the health of the rotator cuff. Reversing the orientation of the ball and socket joint is most helpful to patients who have an irreparable rotator cuff without significant arthritis.

For product information, including indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, potential adverse effects and patient counseling information, see the package insert or contact your local representative; search this website for additional product information. To obtain a copy of the current Instructions for Use (IFU) for full prescribing and risk information, please call 1-800-348-2759, press 4 for 411 Technical Support.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has emerged as a successful surgery with expanding indications. Outcomes may be influenced by post-operative rehabilitation; however, there is a dearth of research regarding optimal rehabilitation strategy following RTSA. The primary purpose of this study is to compare patient reported and clinical outcomes after RTSA in two groups: in one group rehabilitation is directed by formal, outpatient clinic-based physical therapists (PT group) as compared to a home therapy group, in which patients are instructed in their rehabilitative exercises by surgeons at post-operative appointments (HT group). Secondary aims include comparisons of complications, cost of care and quality of life between the two groups.

RTSA is being performed with increasing frequency, and the optimal rehabilitation strategy is unclear. This study will help clarify the role of formal physical therapy with particular consideration to outcomes, cost, and complications. In addition, this study will evaluate a proposed rehabilitation strategy.

Dating back to the work of Hughes and Neer, [17] a proper rehabilitation strategy has been felt to be imperative following shoulder arthroplasty. Early range of motion in a protected and graduated way has been proposed to avoid stiffness and muscle atrophy whilst also protecting healing tissues, and avoiding complications such as instability and stress fractures [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. There are multiple published rehabilitation protocols for both anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) and RTSA, which include thorough biomechanical rationales [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. However, as Bullock et al. reported in a recent systematic review of proposed rehabilitation guidelines, there is nominal consensus regarding rehabilitation strategies, and there is a need for high-quality prospective research [27]. Currently, there are only four published studies on therapy after ATSA [24, 28,29,30], and two published studies evaluating the rehabilitative strategy for RTSA [31, 32]. One prospective ATSA [28] and two prospective RTSA [31, 32] studies report on the impact of immediate versus delayed therapy, and all conclude that there is overall no significant difference in clinical and patient reported outcomes. Three retrospective studies [24, 29, 30] report on outcomes for therapy after ATSA, with one study concluding that home therapy directed by the surgeon had favorable outcomes compared to formal physical therapy [29]. A retrospective case series demonstrated successful range of motion and patient reported outcomes following ATSA when rehabilitation was conducted at home using web-based exercises generated and provided by the surgeon [30]. There are no published randomised controlled trials comparing home therapy to formal physical therapy following RTSA.

We aim to compare outcomes for formal, clinic-based physical therapy (PT group) to home therapy, in which patients are provided with instructions from surgeons at post-operative appointments (HT group) by using a superiority, randomised design [34]. Findings will aid in determining the potential role of formal PT in the RTSA recovery process, and secondarily, will evaluate a formal RTSA rehabilitation protocol, which is standardized for the trial [20].. Findings from the study may assist in evaluating the financial benefit or burden of formal PT in the RTSA recovery process and determine the resource necessity of PTs in a traditional clinical environment. We hypothesize that the PT group will demonstrate superior clinical and patient reported outcomes, significantly quicker levels of recovery, and significantly higher levels of overall recovery at our long-term outcomes capture when compared to the HT group. Secondary aims of this project include analysis of the incidence of complications between the two groups, specifically acromial stress fractures and prosthetic instability events, which we hypothesize will be higher in the PT group; and cost of care which we hypothesize will be higher in the PT group.

A full non-expedited Institutional Review Board approval of this study was provided on 8.17.20 (ORA: 18082102-IRB01) at the lead institution (Rush University Medical Center) including a patient informed consent form. A full Institutional Review Board approval also is required for each participating site. The approved informed consent form which is being used at the lead research site (Rush University Medical Center) is included in the Supplemental materials. Any changes to the research protocol will need approval by the IRB for all sites.

Patient age at time of surgery, sex, height, weight, hand dominance, laterality of surgery, reason for RTSA (cuff tear arthropathy, primary osteoarthritis, or massive rotator cuff tear with pseudoparalysis), history of prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery (e.g. rotator cuff repair), history of prior ipsilateral shoulder fracture, and history of prior ipsilateral shoulder dislocation, and the type of RTSA prosthesis employed in procedure will be obtained from the medical record. Final data will be kept confidentially at the lead institution. 2351a5e196

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