Do women benefit from being judged by women? Using data on 5,000 piano competitions (1890--2023), involving 40,000 competitors and 8,000 jurors, we find the opposite: a one-standard-deviation increase in the share of female jurors reduces a female pianist’s chances of reaching the finals by five percent, the podium by nine percent, and winning by 12 percent. We then use jurors’ career histories to explore mechanisms. The pattern is concentrated among female jurors who were former winners of competitions of similar prestige, consistent with perceived threats in segmented labor markets. Our study suggests that economic incentives can drive biases in evaluation.