Beta is used as a proxy for a stock's riskiness or volatility relative to the broader market. A good beta will, therefore, rely on your risk tolerance and goals. If you wish to replicate the broader market in your portfolio, for instance via an index ETF, a beta of 1.0 would be ideal. If you are a conservative investor looking to preserve principal, a lower beta may be more appropriate. In a bull market, betas greater than 1.0 will tend to produce above-average returns - but will also produce larger losses in a down market."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Is Beta a Good Measure of Risk?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Many experts agree that while Beta provides some information about risk, it is not an effective measure of risk on its own. Beta only looks at a stock's past performance relative to the S&P 500 and does not provide any forward guidance. It also does not consider the fundamentals of a company or its earnings and growth potential."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "How Do You Interpret a Stock's Beta?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A Beta of 1.0 for a stock means that it has been just as volatile as the broader market (i.e., the S&P 500 index). If the index moves up or down 1%, so too would the stock, on average. Betas larger than 1.0 indicate greater volatility - so if the beta were 1.5 and the index moved up or down 1%, the stock would have moved 1.5%, on average. Betas less than 1.0 indicate less volatility: if the stock had a beta of 0.5, it would have risen or fallen just half-a-percent as the index moved 1%."}}]}]}] Investing Stocks  Bonds  ETFs  Options and Derivatives  Commodities  Trading  FinTech and Automated Investing  Brokers  Fundamental Analysis  Technical Analysis  Markets  View All  Simulator Login / Portfolio  Trade  Research  My Games  Leaderboard  Banking Savings Accounts  Certificates of Deposit (CDs)  Money Market Accounts  Checking Accounts  View All  Personal Finance Budgeting and Saving  Personal Loans  Insurance  Mortgages  Credit and Debt  Student Loans  Taxes  Credit Cards  Financial Literacy  Retirement  View All  News Markets  Companies  Earnings  CD Rates  Mortgage Rates  Economy  Government  Crypto  ETFs  Personal Finance  View All  Reviews Best Online Brokers  Best Savings Rates  Best CD Rates  Best Life Insurance  Best Personal Loans  Best Mortgage Rates  Best Money Market Accounts  Best Auto Loan Rates  Best Credit Repair Companies  Best Credit Cards  View All  Academy Investing for Beginners  Trading for Beginners  Become a Day Trader  Technical Analysis  All Investing Courses  All Trading Courses  View All LiveSearchSearchPlease fill out this field.SearchSearchPlease fill out this field.InvestingInvesting Stocks  Bonds  ETFs  Options and Derivatives  Commodities  Trading  FinTech and Automated Investing  Brokers  Fundamental Analysis  Technical Analysis  Markets  View All SimulatorSimulator Login / Portfolio  Trade  Research  My Games  Leaderboard BankingBanking Savings Accounts  Certificates of Deposit (CDs)  Money Market Accounts  Checking Accounts  View All Personal FinancePersonal Finance Budgeting and Saving  Personal Loans  Insurance  Mortgages  Credit and Debt  Student Loans  Taxes  Credit Cards  Financial Literacy  Retirement  View All NewsNews Markets  Companies  Earnings  CD Rates  Mortgage Rates  Economy  Government  Crypto  ETFs  Personal Finance  View All ReviewsReviews Best Online Brokers  Best Savings Rates  Best CD Rates  Best Life Insurance  Best Personal Loans  Best Mortgage Rates  Best Money Market Accounts  Best Auto Loan Rates  Best Credit Repair Companies  Best Credit Cards  View All AcademyAcademy Investing for Beginners  Trading for Beginners  Become a Day Trader  Technical Analysis  All Investing Courses  All Trading Courses  View All EconomyEconomy Government and Policy  Monetary Policy  Fiscal Policy  Economics  View All  Financial Terms  Newsletter  About Us Follow Us      Table of ContentsExpandTable of ContentsWhat Is Beta?How Beta WorksUnderstanding BetaTypes of Beta ValuesBeta in Theory vs. Beta in PracticeDrawbacks of BetaBeta FAQsInvestingQuantitative AnalysisBeta: Definition, Calculation, and Explanation for InvestorsByWill Kenton Full Bio Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School for Social Research and Doctor of Philosophy in English literature from NYU.Learn about our editorial policiesUpdated June 30, 2022Reviewed by

Beta is used as a proxy for a stock's riskiness or volatility relative to the broader market. A good beta will, therefore, rely on your risk tolerance and goals. If you wish to replicate the broader market in your portfolio, for instance via an index ETF, a beta of 1.0 would be ideal. If you are a conservative investor looking to preserve principal, a lower beta may be more appropriate. In a bull market, betas greater than 1.0 will tend to produce above-average returns - but will also produce larger losses in a down market.


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A Beta of 1.0 for a stock means that it has been just as volatile as the broader market (i.e., the S&P 500 index). If the index moves up or down 1%, so too would the stock, on average. Betas larger than 1.0 indicate greater volatility - so if the beta were 1.5 and the index moved up or down 1%, the stock would have moved 1.5%, on average. Betas less than 1.0 indicate less volatility: if the stock had a beta of 0.5, it would have risen or fallen just half-a-percent as the index moved 1%.

Like the names of most other Greek letters, the name of beta was adopted from the acrophonic name of the corresponding letter in Phoenician, which was the common Semitic word *bait ('house'). In Greek, the name was  bta, pronounced [bta] in Ancient Greek. It is spelled  in modern monotonic orthography and pronounced [vita].

Beta is used in finance as a measure of (historical; pseudo-implied) financial asset sensitivity to the relevant benchmark index. Conditional on the benchmark index, the resulting beta value can vary considerably (S&P500 vs NASDAQ vs ETF of a specific industry).

Beta male, or simply beta, is a slang term for men derived from the designation for beta animals in ethology, along with its counterpart, alpha male.[4][5] The term has been used as a pejorative self-identifier among members of manosphere communities, particularly incels, who do not believe they are assertive or traditionally masculine, and feel overlooked by women.[6][7] It is also used to negatively describe other men who are not assertive, particularly in heterosexual relationships.

The software release life cycle is the process of developing, testing, and distributing a software product. It typically consists of several stages, such as pre-alpha, alpha, beta, and release candidate, before the final version, or "gold", is released to the public.

Pre-alpha refers to the early stages of development, when the software is still being designed and built. Alpha testing is the first phase of formal testing, during which the software is tested internally using white-box techniques. Beta testing is the next phase, in which the software is tested by a larger group of users, typically outside of the organization that developed it. The beta phase is focused on reducing impacts on users and may include usability testing.

Some software, particularly in the internet and technology industries, is released in a perpetual beta state, meaning that it is continuously being updated and improved, and is never considered to be a fully completed product. This approach allows for a more agile development process and enables the software to be released and used by users earlier in the development cycle.

Alpha software is not thoroughly tested by the developer before it is released to customers. Alpha software may contain serious errors, and any resulting instability could cause crashes or data loss.[3] Alpha software may not contain all of the features that are planned for the final version.[4] In general, external availability of alpha software is uncommon for proprietary software, while open source software often has publicly available alpha versions. The alpha phase usually ends with a feature freeze, indicating that no more features will be added to the software. At this time, the software is said to be feature-complete. A beta test is carried out following acceptance testing at the supplier's site (the alpha test) and immediately before the general release of the software as a product.[5]

Beta, named after the second letter of the Greek alphabet, is the software development phase following alpha. Software in the beta stage is also known as beta ware.[7] A beta phase generally begins when the software is feature-complete but likely to contain several known or unknown bugs.[8] Software in the beta phase will generally have many more bugs in it than completed software and speed or performance issues, and may still cause crashes or data loss. The focus of beta testing is reducing impacts on users, often incorporating usability testing. The process of delivering a beta version to the users is called beta release and is typically the first time that the software is available outside of the organization that developed it. Software beta releases can be either open or closed, depending on whether they are openly available or only available to a limited audience. Beta version software is often useful for demonstrations and previews within an organization and to prospective customers. Some developers refer to this stage as a preview, preview release, prototype, technical preview or technology preview (TP),[9] or early access. ff782bc1db

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