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The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and its partners developed site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) principles to identify the best nutrient management practices for specific rice fields. Consideration of the timing, quantities, and types of fertilizers are some of the key components of these findings. RCM recommendations are provided to farmers through a one-page print-out and a short messaging service (SMS) to improve and guide crop management. It enables extension workers to use a computer or smartphone to provide farmers with crop management recommendations matching their field conditions.

The requirement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for fertilizer can depend on crop and soil management practices, which can vary among fields within a rice-growing area. A web-based decision support tool named Rice Crop Manager (RCM) was developed previously to calculate field-specific rates of fertilizer N, P, and K for rice in Odisha State in eastern India. We compared field-specific nutrient management calculated by RCM with farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP) and a blanket fertilizer recommendation (BFR), which used a uniform 80 kg N ha-1, 17 kg P ha-1, and 33 kg K ha-1. A total of 209 field trials were conducted in two seasons (kharif and rabi) for two years across ten districts in six agro-climatic zones. Grain yield was consistently higher with fertilization recommended by RCM than with FFP. Higher yield with RCM was attributed to a combination of applying more of the total fertilizer N at the critical growth stage of panicle initiation, applying more fertilizer N in kharif, and applying zinc. The RCM recommendation frequently increased yield compared to BFR as a result of improved N management, which included the adjustment of N rate for a target yield set slightly higher than historical yield reported by a farmer. Fertilization based on RCM rather than BFR reduced the risk of financial loss. The effectiveness of an RCM recommendation relative to BFR and FFP was consistent across rice varieties with different growth duration, irrigated and rainfed rice, and three categories of soil clay content. The RCM recommendation failed to increase yield relative to BFR in one of the six agro-climatic zones, where a higher rate of fertilizer P and/or K was apparently required. The nutrient management calculations used by RCM can be improved as new information and research findings become available. Experiences with RCM in Odisha can help guide the development of comparable nutrient management decision tools in other rice-growing areas.

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Relationship between rice grain yield with a Rice Crop Manager (RCM) recommendation and added net benefit for field-specific nutrient management provided by RCM relative to blanket fertilizer recommendation (BFR) in Odisha, India.

Analysis of variance for effect of water regime and treatment in kharif on rates of N, P, and K fertilizer, partial factor productivity of added N (PFP), and measured rice grain yield in Odisha, India.

Rice Crop Manager is designed for use by extension workers, crop advisors, input providers, and agricultural service providers who interview farmers using a personal computer, smartphone, or tablet. After the interview, the collected information can be stored on the computer, smartphone, or tablet until the device is connected to the Internet through a Web browser. Collected information is then transmitted via the Internet to the Rice Crop Manager `model', which calculates and transmits a crop management guideline for the rice-based cropping system within moments back to the computer, smartphone, or tablet. Each guideline provides an actionable and unique recommendation for the crop, which matches the location-specific cropping practices and needs of the farmer. The guideline is then provided to the farmer as a one-page printout, which the extension worker, input provider, or service provider can also use to advise the farmer on how to increase net income from rice production.

The concept and framework for Rice Crop Manager wasdeveloped by IRRI. The nutrient management guideline provided by Rice Crop Manager is based on the principles of site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), as developed for rice through partnerships of IRRI with national agricultural research organizations in Asia. The Nutrient Manager for Rice developed by IRRI in 2008-2010 provides the SSNM-based, nutrient management component in Rice Crop Manager. The Rice Crop Manager developed by IRRI in 2013 for the Philippines and Bangladesh provides the framework for the crop management decision-making logic used in the Rice Crop Manager for Odisha.

Rice Crop Manager was adapted, evaluated, and verified for rice cultivation in Odisha through collaboration of IRRI with the Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) and the National Rice Research Institute (NRRI).

Rice Crop Manager provides a crop and nutrient managementguideline for rice in irrigated and rainfed lowland environmentsof Odisha, India. The use of this software is subject to thefollowing terms and conditions:

The InternationalRice Research Institute (IRRI) does not endorse or promotespecific agricultural inputs and fertilizers, and it does notguarantee the accuracy of an analysis labeled on commercialagricultural input and fertilizers. The software assumes thatthe N, P2O5, and K2O analysislabeled on a bag of fertilizer or organic material accuratelyreflects the content of plant nutrients. Many factors beyond thescope of Rice Crop Manager - such as climate and wateravailability - affect rice yield. IRRI does not guarantee atargeted rice yield will be attained with the provided cropmanagement guidelines. The content of the software is subject tochange without notice.

Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whethertort, contract, or otherwise, shall the Board of Directors ofthe International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) or any of itsaffiliates, officers, employees, or other representatives beliable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect,special, incidental, or consequential damages of any characterincluding, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill,work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and allother commercial damages or losses, specifically includingdamages to crops and soil resulting from the application of thesoftware, or for any damages or liabilities even if IRRI shallhave been informed of the possibility of such damages orliabilities, or for any claim by any other party. Thislimitation of liability shall apply to liability for death orpersonal injury except to the extent applicable law prohibitssuch limitation.

Questionnaire forms listing all the questions in Rice Crop Manager can be printed in the desired language or dialect and then used for interviewing farmers at remote locations with no internet access.

The information collected with a questionnaire form can then be entered into Rice Crop Manager to obtain a crop management guideline for the interviewed farmer.

The Rice Crop Manager (RCM) is a decision-making tool which provides small-scale rice farmers with crop and nutrient management advice customized to farming conditions and needs. It is accessible through the web browser on computers and smartphones.

This is used by extension workers, crop advisors, and service providers to give farmers a specific recommendation on nutrient, pest, weed, or water management. This depends on the specific variety they used, their yield from the previous season, and the site-specific conditions of their field.

The Rice Crop Manager (RCM) has proven to be an effective farmer-friendly digital tool to increase productivity and incomes of rice farmers through balanced fertilizer management. The two case studies presented here highlight how women and young people have used RCM on their farm and successfully reduced their input costs, increased yields and the net benefits.

The Rice Crop Manager (RCM) is a tailor-made, web-based tool that follows site-specific nutrient management principles. It gives rice farmers recommendations for applying the right amount of essential nutrients for their crops at the right time, along with weed and nursery management recommendations.

The five-year (2016-2021) project aims to enhance the lives of farmers in the state who are dependent on rice-based cropping systems through improved agricultural management practices, innovations, and technologies.

As smallholders continue to face the ever-increasing consequences of climate shocks and impacts which put their lives and livelihoods at greater risk, the need to transform the climate adaptation capacity of land, water, and food systems only becomes ever more urgent. Providing farmers with actionable, simple, low-cost, climate-adjusted, and relevant crop management recommendations is one such pathway to enhancing resilience.

Through the link between the Climate Information Service (CIS) and the farmer database, auto-generated climate risk information and its implications on the rice farming practices of farmers are directly sent to the RCMAS-registered farmers via text messages to their registered mobile numbers. Farmers are advised about the potential climate risks based on seasonal and 10-day weather forecasts and special weather forecasts such as during typhoons plus the possible mitigating measures to reduce crop losses.

The combination of local food interest and the increased consumption begs an obvious question: Could rice be grown in southern Ontario? It should be noted that the rice crop being cited here is paddy rice or rough rice, which is grown in rice paddies. Wild rice, which matures in other regions in Ontario, is a

different species.

In a more a recent experiment, paddy rice was grown for two years near Holiday Beach in Essex County in the late 1990s. Led by Ducks Unlimited Canada, conservation was a key focus of the project as the flooded fields would produce excellent feeding grounds for waterfowl. Dr. Soon Park, a crop breeder from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada research station at Harrow, Ontario, was one of several people who participated in the study. Now retired, Park, is well known for his work with dry bean crops. But he started his career in 1963 as a rice breeder at a research station in Suwon, Korea, with training stints at an international rice research centre in the Philippines. ff782bc1db