Mathematics is a subject that many students find challenging, and as a math teacher with a decade of experience, I’ve seen countless learners seek extra help to clarify their doubts. Most universities have math assistance centers where tutors provide one-on-one support, but could artificial intelligence (AI) offer an equally—or even more—effective solution? Can AI explain complex concepts as clearly as a human tutor, or provide personalized assistance at any time? In this blog, I’ll explore some examples to evaluate whether AI can truly serve as a reliable teaching assistant in mathematics—comparing its strengths and limitations against traditional tutoring methods.

A student once brought me this Calculus 1 question when I was assisting at the Math Learning Center.

Example1

Show that there is a solution of the equation  4x³ - 6x² + 3x - 2 = 0  between 1 and 2.

The student needs to use the Intermediate Value Theorem introduced during lectures to solve this problem.

The Intermediate Value Theorem states:

Suppose that f is continuous on the closed interval [a,b] and let N be any number between f(a) and f(b), where f(a) not equals to f(b). Then there exists a number c in (a,b) such that f(c)=N.

To help students understand the solution, I broke it down into multiple steps

Step1:

When I inquired whether the student recalled the Intermediate Value Theorem, they admitted needing to consult their notes. After they refreshed their memory, I guided them through validating the theorem's conditions, starting with establishing the function's continuity over [1,2]: continuity follows from being a polynomial function.

Step2:

For the next step, I explained they should assign N the value of 0, thereby ensuring c would become a root solution.

Step3

My next instruction was for them to check if 0 was intermediate to f(1) and f(2).

Step4

The last step was applying IVT - this led them to the necessary conclusion that the equation has at least one solution c between 1 and 2.

Next, I typed the following problem verbatim into ChatGPT: Prove that the equation 4x³ - 6x² + 3x - 2 = 0 has at least one real root between 1 and 2.

ChatGPT managed this example effectively, delivering a thorough solution with well-explained steps—even surpassing my own explanation 

Example2

I tested ChatGPT with numerous calculus problems, and it solved them all effectively. However, I eventually came across an example that it failed to solve correctly.

Solve the following cubic equation 100x³ - 1340x² + 5389x - 6660 = 0 

The cubic equation has three real solutions: 2.5, 3.7, and 7.2.

There seems to be a limitation in ChatGPT’s ability to accurately solve this type of mathematical problem. Each time I asked ChatGPT, it provided different responses, and all of them were incorrect. 

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, AI has emerged as a powerful tool for assisting in math instruction, offering personalized learning, instant feedback, and accessibility to students worldwide. Its ability to break down complex problems, generate step-by-step solutions, and adapt to individual learning styles makes it an invaluable resource in modern classrooms. However, while AI is undeniably useful, it should not be seen as a complete replacement for human educators or independent critical thinking. Mathematics is not just about finding the right answers—it’s about understanding concepts, developing problem-solving strategies, and cultivating logical reasoning. AI, no matter how advanced, lacks the intuition, creativity, and mentorship that human teachers provide.

Moreover, over-reliance on AI for math learning may lead to passive problem-solving, where students depend on technology rather than engaging deeply with the material. True mathematical proficiency comes from practice, exploration, and sometimes even struggle—elements that AI alone cannot replicate. Therefore, the most effective approach is a balanced one: leveraging AI as a supportive tool while ensuring that students develop their analytical skills through guided instruction, collaboration, and hands-on learning. In this way, AI can enhance math education without diminishing the essential human elements that make learning meaningful.

Ultimately, AI is a remarkable asset in this digital era, but it is not a standalone solution. By integrating AI thoughtfully into math education—rather than depending on it entirely—we can harness its benefits while preserving the depth and rigor of mathematical learning.

References:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371163137_Chatbots_put_to_the_test_in_math_and_logic_problems_A_preliminary_comparison_and_assessment_of_ChatGPT-35_ChatGPT-4_and_Google_Bard