During the last decade, several one laptop per student-initiatives (1:1) have emerged as a solution to the recurrent disappointments with the pace of transformation of teaching methods in schools. However, an increasing number of research studies ...

Ever expanding sensor networks that collects high-resolution spatial datasetsprovide many opportunities for hydrological sciences [9], while bringingchallenges in large-scale data handling and processing [25]. There are manychallenging tasks that employ sensor networks regarding organization andcustomization of the datasets [8] within a watershed for users dealing withthe data. The watershed (i.e. drainage basin or catchment area) of a locationrepresents the land area in which any precipitation eventually flows into thesame outlet. Thus, delineation of the watershed can be defined as finding thecatchment area of a point [2]. Watershed delineation helps users identify thesurface water features within a watershed and understand the downstreamimpacts when planning and implementing water quality and quantity relatedprotection and mitigation actions. Watershed delineation is used extensivelyin many information systems [6] and visualization applications [7]. Sincehydrologic modeling efforts vastly assume that watershed delineation is doneaccurately, the performance of watershed delineation tools becomes moreimportant. Providing the most accurate results [3], manual watersheddelineation is done by finding water divides on topographic maps [2] whileits automation is an ongoing research interest in the field of hydrology.Since topography takes a crucial role in hydrological modeling, the keyaspects of the modeling efforts start with the representation of geography inthe digital environment. Thus, all watershed delineation tools and librariesdepend on the generation of digitally expressed topography data. Creation ofthis data broadly achieved by flow routing algorithms. Several cumulativelydeveloped flow routing algorithms are employed for generating the datarequired for watershed delineation in both software packages and withinstandalone applications. Algorithms including D8, Rho8 [11] and D8-LTD areused to create grid-based flow matrices from the digital elevation model(DEM) data. DEMs are rectangular grid-shaped datasets that provide elevationinformation of the surface at discrete geolocations [17]. While thehydrologic network data generated by the aforementioned algorithms are widelyexploited by watershed delineation applications, they can be used for othertasks in hydrology. The D8 algorithm is the most used one among those methods[22] and, consequently, the data used within this study is generated bytaking advantage of the D8 algorithm.


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Described approach has been successfully implemented and demonstrated thatthe client-side GPUs can be utilized to delineate watersheds. However, theperformance improvements were necessary to make it a viable solution forpractical use. Various modifications have been made to better use thelanguage by respecting its limitations and benefiting from its advantages.These include the use of low precision floats, eliminating if conditions bydeveloping simple mathematical equations and caching results of theprocedures that are computationally costly or fundamentally slow.Additionally, several architectural optimizations have been designed andimplemented that result in significant speedups and worthwhile trade-offs.

Reported results on Table 2 show that the fastest implementation onserver-side is the one that is written in C. While Go version performs fair,it doesn't provide a solution that would outperform C implementationwhen C compiler is run with maximum optimization settings. The server-siderun of the JavaScript implementation provides a feasible option and thePython implementation performs significantly worse than others. Onclient-side, the comparison between pure JavaScript implementation andWebAssembly powered version clearly shows that when WebAssembly is employed,client-side JavaScript becomes significantly more effective. Besides theconventional methods, GPU powered WebGL implementation also performs in aconvenient manner.

Facility management (FM) requires multidisciplinary activities, and thus has extensive information requirements. Much of that information is created during the design, construction, and commissioning phases of a project. Providing the owner of a facility with usable life cycle asset information after construction has been a challenge to the industry. Traditional methods of manually inputting data into FM systems are time consuming and error prone. Various automated approaches and workflows continue to be developed to respond to specific owner needs. This research developed a unique workflow that uses Dynamo within Revit to automatically extract asset management data from the model and export the data to a proprietary format required by the facility owner. The formatted spreadsheet allows for direct linking of the data to the owner's FM system, hence eliminating time wasted in manual data entry and avoiding missing any maintenance cycles that would result if the FM system is not populated with critical information in a timely manner. This article utilizes a case study approach to demonstrate this novel Dynamo workflow. The required case study asset data identified and captured include asset groups, their properties and attributes, and corresponding metadata. A basic three-dimensional representation of the facility and all its equipment are modeled in Revit and asset data are input to corresponding model elements. This article also describes the complexity of the owner's proprietary information needs and the resulting automated workflow that extracts and exports data from Revit into an Excel format that can directly link into the FM system.

Combining different construction solutions and including management innovations, the developed information and communication concept is the latest way to manage knowledge in construction. Development of the information and communication concept CMT takes into account the use of modern software, innovative and most effective traditional methods of managing enterprises of the full investment construction cycle. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of recommendations for: finding and using efficiency reserves in construction management with the help of modern information technologies; development and use of construction management templates for knowledge management. be457b7860

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