Models of Disability

ADDRESSING DIVERSITY THROUGH THE YEARS:

ABILITY

-          Refers to the possession of skill, talent or proficiency that enables someone to perform or accomplish something effectively.

DISABILITY

-          Refers to a physical, mental, cognitive or sensory impairment that limits an individual’s ability to perform daily activities, interact with others or participate fully in society.

MODELS OF DISABILITY

THE MORAL/RELIGIOUS MODEL

• Views disability as a consequence of sin, punishment from a higher power, or a test of faith. This model has its roots in ancient religious traditions and has been influential in shaping societal perceptions of disability for centuries.

THE BIOMEDICAL/ INDIVIDUAL MODEL

• views disability as a problem inherent to the individual, focusing on the medical aspects of the condition rather than societal barriers or environmental factors. This model has been influential in shaping healthcare practices and societal perceptions of disability, but it has also faced criticism for its limitations.

FUNCTIONAL/ REHABILITATION MODEL

•  Is an approach understanding and addressing disabilities, emphasizing improvement of physical and mental abilities and reintegration into daily activities.

Objectives:

1. Improve quality of life.

2. Achieve independence

3. Remove disability barriers

4. Ensure equal opportunities

THE SOCIAL MODEL

•  Emphasizes societal barriers as primary limitations for individuals with disabilities. It advocates equal rights by removing societal obstacles.

Societal Barriers:

1. Inaccessible buildings

2. Lack of supportive services

3. Discrimination

4. Education and employment limitations

RIGHTS- BASED MODEL AND TWIN TRACK APPROACH

Rights-Based Model

1. A human rights- based approach to disability.

2. Emphasizes rights, such as education, employment , healthcare and equality.

3. Aims to protect and promote disability rights.

4. Focuses on accessible service and support.

Twin Track Approach

1. Combines social and rights-based approaches to create inclusive education.

2. Involves removing barriers and providing support for people with disabilities.

3. Aims to ensure that all people have equal rights and opportunities

4. Promotes inclusive programs and projects.