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Ruknuddin was not an able ruler, and left the control of administration to his mother Shah Turkan. The duo's blinding and execution of Iltutmish's popular son Qutubuddin, combined with Shah Turkan's high-handedness, led to rebellions by several nobles, and even the wazir (prime minister) Nizamul Mulk Junaidi joined the rebels.[12] This situation became worse, when the Turkic-origin slave officers close to Ruknuddin planned killings of the sultanate's Tazik (non-Turkic) officers. This led to the murders of several important Tazik officers, including Junaidi's son Ziyaul Mulk and Tajul Mulk Mahmud, who had drawn up the decree declaring Razia as the heir apparent.[13] While Ruknuddin marched towards Kuhram to fight the rebels, Shah Turkan planned to execute Razia in Delhi. At a congregational prayer, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan. A mob then attacked the royal palace and detained Shah Turkan. Several nobles and the army pledged allegiance to Razia, and placed her on the throne,[14] making her the first female Muslim ruler in South Asia.[15] Ruknuddin marched back to Delhi, but Razia sent a force to arrest him: he was imprisoned and probably executed on 19 November 1236, having ruled for less than 7 months.[14]

In April 1236, she became the ruler of the Delhi sultanate. After ruling for less than four years in Delhi, she was removed by Ruknuddin Firoz Shah. After that, she got married to Ikhtiaruddin Altuna. She again tried to defeat her half-brother, but Ruknuddin Firoz Shah and his successor Muizuddin Bahram killed her badly in October 1240.

Hindi Movie Razia Sultan Download

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Razia Sultan was a great women leader of the Delhi sultanate. The public of the Delhi sultanate called her a Raziyya and Raiyya. In the period when she ruled the Delhi sultanate, she launched her coin named Sultan Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din.

The Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish had declared his eldest son Nasiruddin Mahmud as the successor of his throne. But unexpectedly, Nasiruddin Mahmud died in the year 1229. Iltutmish, also considered his younger son Ruknuddin Firoz Shah, was addicted to pleasurable activities. Hence, he considered that his younger son could not handle the big empire. But, when he monitored the performance of the Razia sultan after coming from the campaign of Gwalior, he declared her as the next ruler of the Delhi sultanate. But many officials of the Delhi sultanate opposed the decision of Iltutmish. But he proved her daughter more capable in comparison to his sons. Some historians also consider that the Iltutmish accepted his younger brother as the next ruler in the last days of his life. Some consider that the Razia sultan does not rule the Delhi sultanate, and it was just a story told by her supporters. Many officials accept her as a ruler because of her capabilities, and some do not. Instead of various difficulties, she becomes the first Muslim woman of India who rules the Delhi sultanate. She died in 1240, and her burial was located in the Bulbul Khana near Turkman Gate, Delhi.

According to the Shariah, a Muslim may not hold another Muslim as a slave. Therefore, as the Mamlukes became Muslim, they became free men and women, with full privileges accorded to all believers. In an age when the path to kingship led through the army, the Mamlukes were not only great soldiers but were in close proximity to the center of power. Through their exploits they rose through the court ranks, married the daughters of the sultans and themselves became kings and sultans. Islam had taken them from the slave ships of the Vikings to the luxurious thrones of Asia and Africa. It was from the ranks of these Mamlukes that the 13th century dynasties of India and Egypt emerged.

Altumish was an exceptional monarch not only because he rose from being a slave to become the sultan of one of the most powerful dynasties of the age, but because he broke with tradition and nominated his daughter as his heir-apparent in recognition of her merit and ability over his sons who were incompetent. Razia immediately faced a challenge from her brother Ruknuddin who had killed his own brother to intimidate Razia and force her to abdicate. Razia, a consummate politician, went public and in the Jamia Masjid of Delhi, appealed to the general populace for justice. The common folk displayed their intrinsic love of fair play. Ruknuddin was arrested for the murder of his own brother, tried before a Shariah court and executed.

The newly crowned Rukn ud din Firuz was a self-endowed person and indulged himself in personal pleasures including resolving in music, and debauchery which caused much indignation among the people of the kingdom. His mother Shah Turkaan took advantage of his casual attitude as a king and grasped all powers in her hand and started running the government. Shah Turkaan proved to be a despotic ruler who directed execution of several people of the kingdom. Eventually Rukn ud din Firuz was considered an unfit ruler and on November 9, 1236, he and his mother were murdered. The nobility then reluctantly agreed the ascension of Razia to the throne as the fifth sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate. This made her the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Her coronation ceremony was held on November 10, 1236 and she started reigning with the Regnal name of Jallat-ud-Dn Raziy.

It is odd when you think of Old Delhi being much newer than many Delhis past. One such reminder is the tomb of Begum Razia Sultan (died 1240), the fiesty daughter of Iltutmish - the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty (of Qutb Minar fame). Razia ruled the sultanate of Delhi for a sum total of 4 years, but created history by being the first woman in the region to do so. Today her tomb is hardly worthy of her might, but nevertheless is an important marker. Don't be discouraged by the confusing and dark alleys and circuitous path leading to the grave. The current state of this 'protected monument' is deplorable, but the saving grace is that the local community has appropriately claimed the space by building a small make-shift mosque next to the grave. be457b7860