Prof. Dr. Eng. Radu Gabriel Danescu

Department Address

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

Computer Science Department,

Str. Memorandumului, Nr. 28 , 400 114, Cluj Napoca

ROMANIA

 

Office: Baritiu str. 26, room 37

Phone: +40 264 401457

 

E-mail:

Radu.Danescu@cs.utcluj.ro

Degrees


Diploma Engineer, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 2002

MSc, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 2003

PhD in Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 2009

Habilitation for PhD supervision, Computer Science and Information Technology, 2014

Teaching (mostly in Romanian)


- Image Processing (Romanian – Procesarea imaginilor)

- Shape Recognition Systems (Romanian – Sisteme de Recunoastere a Formelor)

- Design with Microprocessors (Romanian – Proiectarea cu microprocesoare)

Recent research projects

 

Modeling, Estimation and Management of Dangerous Situations through Continuous Analysis of the Driver-Vehicle-Environment System (MEDALS)

Funding agency: Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNDI–UEFISCDI

Project type: Exploratory Research Project, Project code: PN-III-P4-ID-PCE2020-1700

Project manager: Radu Danescu

 

System for Analysis and Evaluation of Extra-Atmospheric Threats (RoSSA)

Funding Agency: Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNDI–UEFISCDI

Project type: Solutions, Project code: PN-III-P2-2.1-PTE-2019-0865

Coordinating institution: Romanian Space Agency; Project manager: Marius Piso

Partner coordinator (UTCN): Radu Danescu

 

Compact image Acquisition and position MEasurement system for targets in the LEO range (CAMELEON)

Funding agency: Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNDI–UEFISCDI

Project type: Experimental Demonstration Project, Project code: PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4819

Project manager: Radu Danescu

Selected papers

 

Peer reviewed journals

 

R. Danescu, R. Itu, A. Fuzes, V. Turcu, "Increasing the accuracy of real time wide field of view space surveillance by grid-based combination of multiple calibration results", Advances in Space Research, Vol. 73, No. 3, 2024, pp. 2098-2118.


R. Itu, R. Danescu, "Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Vehicle Speed and Emergency-Brake Prediction", Sensors, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2024, Art. No. 212.


R. Itu, R. Danescu, “Part-Based Obstacle Detection Using a Multiple Output Neural Network”, Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2022, Art. No. 4312.

 

R. Danescu, R. Itu, M. P. Muresan, A. Rednic, V. Turcu, “SST Anywhere-A Portable Solution for Wide Field Low Earth Orbit Surveillance”, Remote Sensing, Vol. 14, No. 8, 2022, Art. No. 1905.

 

M. P. Muresan, S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, “Robust Data Association Using Fusion of Data-Driven and Engineered Features for Real-Time Pedestrian Tracking in Thermal Images”, Sensors, Vol. 21, No. 23, 2021, Art. No. 8005.

 

A. S. Darabant, D. Borza, R. Danescu, “Recognizing Human Races through Machine Learning-A Multi-Network, Multi-Features Study”, Mathematics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2021, Art. No. 195.

 

R. Itu, R. Danescu, “A Self-Calibrating Probabilistic Framework for 3D Environment Perception Using Monocular Vision”, Sensors, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2020, Art. No. 1280.

 

D. Borza, R. Itu, R. Danescu, “In the Eye of the Deceiver: Analyzing Eye Movements as a Cue to Deception”, Journal of Imaging, Vol. 4, No. 10, 2018, Art. No. 120.

 

D. Borza, R. Danescu, R. Itu, A. S. Darabant, “High-Speed Video System for Micro-Expression Detection and Recognition”, Sensors, Vol. 17, No. 12, 2017, Art. No. 2913.

 

R. Danescu, R. Itu, A. Petrovai, “Generic Dynamic Environment Perception Using Smart Mobile Devices”, Sensors, Vol. 16, No. 10, 2016, Art. No. 1721.

 

D. Borza, A. S. Darabant, R. Danescu, “Real-Time Detection and Measurement of Eye Features from Color Images”, Sensors, Vol. 16, No. 7, 2016, Art. No. 1105.

 

V. Popescu, S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, T. Marita, “A Lane Assessment Method Using Visual Information Based on a Dynamic Bayesian Network”, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations, vol. 19, No. 3, 2015, pp. 225-239.

 

A. Vatavu, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Stereovision-Based Multiple Object Tracking in Traffic Scenarios using Free-Form Obstacle Delimiters and Particle Filters”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 16, No. 1, February 2015, pp. 498-511.

 

R. Danescu, A. Ciurte, V. Turcu, "A Low Cost Automatic Detection and Ranging System for Space Surveillance in the Medium Earth Orbit Region and Beyond", Sensors, vol. 14, No. 2, February 2014, pp. 2703-2731.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “A Particle-Based Solution for Modeling and Tracking Dynamic Digital Elevation Maps”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 15, No. 3, June 2014, pp. 1002-1015.

Movie file for this paper.

 

D. Borza, A. S. Darabant, R. Danescu, “Eyeglasses Lens Contour Extraction from Facial Images Using an Efficient Shape Description”, Sensors, vol. 13, No. 10, October 2013, pp. 13638-13658.

 

S. Nedevschi, V. Popescu, R. Danescu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, “Accurate Ego-Vehicle Global Localization at Intersections Through Alignment of Visual Data With Digital Map”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 14, No. 2, June 2013, pp. 673-687.

 

O. Cristea, P. Dolea, V. Turcu, R. Danescu, “Long baseline stereoscopic imager for close to Earth objects range measurements”, Acta Astronautica, vol. 90, No. 1, September 2013, pp. 41–48.

 

R. Danescu, F. Oniga, V. Turcu, O. Cristea, “Long Baseline Stereovision for Automatic Detection and Ranging of Moving Objects in the Night Sky”, Sensors, vol. 12, No. 10, October 2012, pp. 12940-12963.

 

R. Danescu, C. Pantilie, F. Oniga, S. Nedevschi, “Particle Grid Tracking System for Stereovision Based Obstacle Perception in Driving Environments”, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, vol. 4, No. 1, March 2012, pp. 6-20.

 

R. Danescu, F. Oniga, S. Nedevschi, “Modeling and Tracking the Driving Environment with a Particle Based Occupancy Grid”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 12, No. 4, December 2011, pp. 1331-1342.

Access movie download page for this paper.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Probabilistic Lane Tracking in Difficult Road Scenarios Using Stereovision”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 10, No. 2, June 2009, pp. 272-282.

Access movie download page for this paper.

 

S. Nedevschi, T. Marita, M. Vaida, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, “Camera Calibration Method for Stereo Measurements”, Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics (CEAI), vol. 4, No. 2, 2002, pp. 21-28.

 

Conference proceedings


R. Danescu, A. Fuzes, R. Itu, V. Turcu, "Real Time Orbital Object Recognition for Optical Space Surveillance Applications", In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics - Volume 1: ICINCO, 2023, Rome, Italy, pp. 562-569. 


R. Itu, R. Danescu, "On-Board Estimation of Vehicle Speed and the Need of Braking Using Convolutional Neural Networks", In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics - Volume 1: ICINCO, 2023, Rome, Italy, pp. 600-607. 


R. Brehar, G. Coblişan, A. Füzes, R. Danescu, "Driver Attention Estimation Based on Temporal Sequence Classification of Distracting Contexts", In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics - Volume 1: ICINCO, 2023, Rome, Italy,  pp. 578-585.


M. P. Muresan, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, "Multi-Object Tracking, Segmentation and Validation in Thermal Images," 2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Anchorage, AK, USA, 2023, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186655. 

R. Danescu, R. Itu, V. Turcu, D. Moldovan, "Adding Surveillance Capabilities to a LEO Tracker Using a Low-Cost Wide Field of View Detection System", 2nd NEO and Debris Detection Conference, 24 January 2023 - 26 January 2023, Darmstadt, Germany, published by ESA Space Debris Office.

R. Itu and R. Danescu, "Object detection using part based semantic segmentation," 2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2021, pp. 227-231.

R. Danescu, R. Itu, M. P. Muresan and V. Turcu, "Compact Solution for Low Earth Orbit Surveillance," 2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2021, pp. 401-408.

R. Danescu, R. Itu and M. P. Muresan, "PartID – Individual Objects Tracking in Occupancy Grids Using Particle Identities," 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2020, pp. 283-290.

S. -M. Bagoly and R. G. Danescu, "Round Based Extension Algorithm for Gossip Learning," 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2020, pp. 251-257.

R. Itu and R. Danescu, "MONet - Multiple Output Network for Driver Assistance Systems Based on a Monocular Camera," 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2020, pp. 325-330.

D. Borza, R. Itu, R. Danescu, I. Barbantan, “Analysing Facial Features Using CNNs and Computer Vision”, MDIS 2019: Modelling and Development of Intelligent Systems, pp 146–157.

S. Capalnean, F. Oniga and R. Danescu, "Obstacle Detection Using a Voxel Octree Representation," 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2019, pp. 3-9.

R. Danescu, R. Itu and D. Borza, "Dynamic 3D Environment Perception Using Monocular Vision and Semantic Segmentation," 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2019, pp. 193-200.

R. Danescu, R. Itu, “Camera Calibration for CNN Based Generic Obstacle Detection”, EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2019: Progress in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 623–636.

R. Itu, R. Danescu, “Machine Learning Based Automatic Extrinsic Calibration of an Onboard Monocular Camera for Driving Assistance Applications on Smart Mobile Devices”, AMAA 2018: Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2018, Berlin, Germany, pp. 16-28.

I. Mocan, R. Itu, A. Ciurte, R. Danescu, R. Buiga, “Automatic Detection of Tumor Cells in Microscopic Images of Unstained Blood using Convolutional Neural Networks”, 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2018).

D. Borza, R. Itu, R. Danescu, “Micro expression detection and recognition from high speed cameras using convolutional neural networks”, 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP 2018, Madeira, Portugal, Volume 5, pp. 201-208.

D. Borza, A. Darabant, R. Danescu, “Automatic skin tone extraction for visagism applications”, 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP 2018, Madeira, Portugal, Volume 4, pp. 466-473.

D. Borza, R. Itu, R. Danescu, "Real-Time Micro-Expression Detection From High Speed Cameras", IEEE Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP) 2017, 7-9.09.2017, pp. 357-361.

R. Itu, D. Borza, R. Danescu, "Automatic extrinsic camera parameters calibration using Convolutional Neural Networks", IEEE Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP) 2017, 7-9.09.2017, pp. 273-278.

B. Bija, O. Alonso Lasheras, R. Danescu, O. Cristea, V. Turcu, T. Flohrer, A Mancas, “Generic Data Reduction Framework For Space Surveillance”, Proc. 7th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, Germany, 18–21 April 2017, published by the ESA Space Debris Office.

R. Danescu, A. S. Darabant, D. Borza, “Fast Eye Tracking and Feature Measurement using a Multi-stage Particle Filter”, 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications VISIGRAPP (5: VISAPP) 2017, pp. 258-265.

M. P. Muresan, S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, “A Multi Patch Warping Approach for Improved Stereo Block Matching”, 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP (6: VISAPP) 2017, pp. 459-466.

D. Borza, R. Danescu, “Eye Shape and Corners Detection in Periocular Images Using Particle Filters”, (2017) Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems, SITIS 2016, art. no. 7907439, pp. 15-22.

A. Petrovai, R. Danescu, M. Negru, C. C. Vancea, S. Nedevschi, “A Stereovision based Rear-End Collision Warning System on Mobile Devices”, 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2016), pp. 285-292.

 

M. P. Muresan, S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, “Patch warping and local constraints for improved block matching stereo correspondence”, 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2016), pp. 321-327.

 

R. Danescu, A. Petrovai, R. Itu, S. Nedevschi, “Generic obstacle detection for mobile devices using a dynamic intermediate representation”, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 427, 2016, pp. 629-639.

 

R. Danescu, R. Itu, A. Petrovai, “Sensing the driving environment with smart mobile devices”, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2015), pp. 271-278.

 

D. Borza, R. Danescu, A. Darabant, “Eyeglasses contour extraction using genetic algorithms”, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2015), pp. 327-333.

 

A. Petrovai, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “A Stereovision Based Approach for Detecting and Tracking Lane and Forward Obstacles on Mobile Devices”, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2015, pp. 634-641.

 

A. Vatavu, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Modeling and Tracking of Crowded Traffic Scenes by using Policy Trees, Occupancy Grid Blocks and Bayesian Filters”, 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE ITSC 2014), 2014, pp. 1948-1955.

 

R. Itu, R. Danescu, “An Efficient Obstacle Awareness Application for Android Mobile Devices”, International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2014), 2014, pp. 157-163.

 

A. Ciurte, A. Soucup, R. Danescu, “Generic Method for Real-time Satellite Detection Using Optical Acquisition System”, International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2014), 2014, pp. 179-185.

 

A. Ciurte, R. Danescu, "Automatic Detection of MEO Satellite Streaks from Single Long Exposure Astronomic Images", 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications 2014 (VISAPP 2014), Lisbon, Portugal, 5-8 January 2014, Proceedings vol. 1.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “A Flexible Solution for Modeling and Tracking Generic Dynamic 3D Environments”, in Proc. of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2013 (IEEE-ITSC 2013), October 2013, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1686-1692.

 

A. Vatavu, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Tracking Multiple Objects in Traffic Scenarios using Free-Form Obstacle Delimiters and Particle Filters”, in Proc. of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2013 (IEEE-ITSC 2013), October 2013, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 1346-1351.

 

V. Popescu, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “On-road position estimation by probabilistic integration of visual cues”, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2012, pp. 583-589.

 

A. Vatavu, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Real-time dynamic environment perception in driving scenarios using difference fronts”, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2012, pp. 717-722.

 

R. Danescu, “Obstacle Detection Using Dynamic Particle-Based Occupancy Grids”, International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications 2011 (DICTA 2011), pp. 585-590.

 

F. Oniga, M. Miron, R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Automatic Recognition of Low Earth Orbit Objects From Image Sequences”, International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing, 2011, pp. 335–338.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “New Results in Stereovision-Based Lane Tracking”, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2011, pp. 230-235.

 

I. M. Chira, A. Chibulcutean, R. Danescu, “Real-Time Detection of Road Markings for Driving Assistance Applications”, IEEE International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems, 2010, pp. 158-163, ISBN: 978-1-4244-7041-9.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Detection and Classification of Painted Road Objects for Intersection Assistance Applications”, in Proc. of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2010 (IEEE-ITSC 2010), September 2010, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 433-438. Movie

 

R. Danescu, F. Oniga, S. Nedevschi, “Particle Grid Tracking System for Stereovision Based Environment Perception”, in Proc. of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IEEE-IV 2010), June 2010, San Diego, USA, pp. 987-992.

 

R. Danescu, F. Oniga, S. Nedevschi, M-M. Meinecke, “Tracking Multiple Objects Using Particle Filters and Digital Elevation Maps”, in Proc. of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IEEE-IV 2009), June 2009, Xi’An, China, pp. 88-93.

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, S. Bota, M-M. Meinecke, M. A. Obojski, “Stereovision-Based Sensor for Intersection Assistance”, book chapter in Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications, April 2009, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-00744-6, pp. 129-163.

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, S. Bota and C. Vancea, “A Sensor for Urban Driving Assistance Systems Based on Dense Stereovision”, book chapter in “Stereo Vision” editor A. Bhatti, published by InTech Education and Publishing , Vienna, November 2008, ISBN 978-953-7619-22-0.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, M. M. Meinecke, T. B. To, “A Stereovision-Based Probabilistic Lane Tracker for Difficult Road Scenarios”, Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2008 (IV2008), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 4-6, 2008

Download movie (AVI, 11 MB)

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, T. B. To, “A Stereovision-Based Lane Detector for Marked and Non-Marked Urban Roads”, Proceedings of IEEE 3-rd International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2007), 2007, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, M.M. Meinecke, T.B. To, “Lane Geometry Estimation in Urban Environments Using a Stereovision System”, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2007), Seattle, USA, 2007.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, M.M. Meinecke, T. Graf, “Stereovision Based Vehicle Tracking in Urban Traffic Environments”, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2007), Seattle, USA, 2007

 

S. Nedevschi,  R. Danescu, T. Marita,  F. Oniga, C. Pocol, S. Sobol, C. Tomiuc, C. Vancea, M.M. Meinecke, T. Graf, T. B. To, M.A. Obojski, “A Sensor for Urban Driving Assistance Systems Based on Dense Stereovision”, Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (IV2007), Istanbul, Turkey, June 13-15, 2006

 

R. Danescu, S. Sobol, S. Nedevschi, T. Graf, “Stereovision-Based Side Lane and Guardrail Detection”, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC 2006), Toronto.

 

R. Danescu, S. Nedevschi, “Robust Real-Time Lane Delimiting Features Extraction” , in Proceedings of IEEE 2-nd International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2006), 1-2 Sept. 2006, Cluj-Napoca.

 

S. Nedevschi,  T. Marita,  R. Danescu, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, S. Sobol, C. Tomiuc, C. Vancea, S. Bota, “Stereovision Sensor for Driving Assistance”, in Proceedings of IEEE 2-nd International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP 2006), 1-2 Sept. 2006, Cluj-Napoca

 

S. Nedevschi, F. Oniga, R. Danescu,  T. Graf, R. Schmidt, „Increased Accuracy Stereo Approach for 3D Lane Detection”, Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (IV2006) , June 13-15, 2006, Tokyo

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu,  T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, S. Sobol, T. Graf, R. Schmidt, “Driving Environment Perception Using Stereovision”, Procedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (IV2005), June 2005, Las Vegas, USA, pp.331-336.

 

S. Nedevschi, R..Schmidt, T. Graf, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, “3D Lane Detection System Based on Stereovision”, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), 2004, Washington, USA

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, Thorsten Graf, Rolf Schmidt, “High Accuracy Stereovision Approach for Obstacle Detection on Non-Planar Roads”, IEEE Inteligent Engineering Systems (INES), 2004, Cluj Napoca, Romania

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, R. Schmidt, T. Graf, “Stereovision Approach For Obstacle Detection On Non-Planar Roads”, 1st International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO), 2004, Setubal, Portugal

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol, R. Schmidt, T. Graf, “High Accuracy Stereo Vision System for Far Distance Obstacle Detection”, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2004 (IV2004), Parma, Italy.

 

S. Nedevschi, R. Danescu, D. Frentiu, T. Marita, F. Oniga, C. Pocol , “Spatial Grouping of 3D Points from Multiple Stereovision Sensors”, International Conference of Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, Taipei, Taiwan

 

Last updated on January 25, 2024.