Contemporary Poetry
New poetry is another term for modern poetry, which emerged after Indonesia was influenced by the West.
Contemporary poetry is poetry created in the present era, with characteristics that distinguish it from other poetry.
Characteristics of contemporary poetry:
Free from conventional poetry ties
Unconventional language style
Unique writing form
Unnatural repetition of words, phrases, and word groups
Unusual use of idioms
Emphasis on melodious sound
Mixing Indonesian words or sentences with other languages
Types of Contemporary Poetry:
Puisi Mantra
Puisi Mbeling
Puisi Tipografi
Puisi Tanpa Kata
Puisi Minim Kata
Puisi Multi Lingual
Puisi Supra Kata
Puisi Idiom Baru
Puisi Konkret
Based on its content, new poetry is divided into 7 types:
Ballad
A ballad is a type of new poetry that contains a story or tale.
A ballad consists of 3 stanzas, each with 8 lines.
Ballads rhyme a-b-a-b-b-c-c-b, then the scheme changes to a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c.
The last line in the first stanza is used as a refrain in the following stanzas.
Elegy
An elegy is a type of new poetry that contains sadness or tears.
This elegy contains rhymes or songs that express grief or lamentations due to sadness or longing.
The death or departure of a loved one mainly causes the sadness.
Epigram
Epigram is a new type of poetry that contains teachings or guidance about life.
This epigram comes from the Greek word "epigramma" which means teaching elements; advice that leads to the path of truth to be used as a guideline; there is an example.
Hymn
Hymn is a new type of poetry that contains praise or praise for God, homeland or heroes.
The characteristics of a hymn are in the form of a song of praise to honor God, a god, hero, homeland or alma mater.
Currently, the understanding of hymns has become increasingly developed, namely it can be interpreted as a poem that is sung.
The song poem contains praise for something that is respected or related to divinity.
Ode
Ode is a new type of poetry that contains praise for someone who has done a lot of service.
The characteristics of an ode include an elegant tone, formal tone, and style, discussing something noble, and being flattering.
Romance
Romance is a new type of poetry that contains an outpouring of feelings of love and affection.
Romance comes from the French word "romantique" which means the beauty of feelings; matters of affection; and affection.
Satire
Satire is a new type of poetry that contains satire or criticism.
Satire comes from the Latin word "satura" which means satire: sharp criticism of a phenomenon; and the dissatisfaction of a group (with a cruel leader).
New Poetry Types Based on Form
Distikon
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of two lines, and is usually called a two-strand poem.
Terzina
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of three lines is usually called a three-strand poem.
Quatrain
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of four lines and is usually called a four-strand poem.
Quint
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of five lines and is usually called a five-strand poem.
Sectet
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of six lines or is usually called a six-strand poem.
Septima
A type of poetry in which each stanza consists of seven lines or can be called a seven-strand poem.
Octave/Stanza
A type of poetry where each stanza consists of eight lines and is called a double quatrain or eight-line poem.
Sonnet
A sonnet comes from the Italian word "sonneto" which means a poem that sounds.
This new type of poetry consists of four lines divided into two.
The first two stanzas of four lines each and the second two stanzas of three lines each (4-4-3-3).
The sonnet entered Indonesia through the Netherlands and was first introduced by Muhammad Yamin and Roestam Effendi, who because of that they were called the Pioneers or Fathers of Indonesian Sonnets.
In its development in Indonesia, sonnet poetry can have a 4-4-4-2 pattern or even just 1 stanza but it has 14 lines at once.
The form of the sonnet in Indonesia does have more freedom in terms of content or rhyme, no longer following the requirements of the sonnet from Italy or England.
However, the guideline is the number of lines, which is fourteen lines.
Classical Poetry in English Literature includes:
Sonnet
A popular 14-line poem written in iambic pentameter and with a structured theme.
Ballad
A traditional folk form of poetry, that was often used in tavern songs and popular poetry.
Elegy
A mournful poem, that can be written about the dead, war, or lost love.
Limerick
A lighthearted poem, with five lines that typically uses an AABBA rhyme scheme.
Villanelle
A poem with 19 lines, made up of five stanzas of three lines each and a final stanza of four lines.
It has two rhyming sounds and an ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA rhyme scheme.
Narrative poetry
A poem that tells a story, similar to an epic, but not as long or focused on heroism.
Acrostic
A traditional form of poetry that dates back to antiquity.