The Commission initiated its 2002 Biennial Review3 in September of 2002 with a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking announcing that it would review four of its broadcast ownership rules: the national audience reach limit, the local television rule, the radio/television cross-ownership ("one-to-a-market") rule, and the dual network ownership rule.4 The Commission had previously initiated proceedings regarding the local radio ownership rule and the newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership rule.5 Those proceedings were incorporated into the Biennial Review.

On June 2, 2003, the Commission adopted a Report and Order modifying its ownership rules.6 In the Order, the Commission concluded that "neither an absolute prohibition on common ownership of daily newspapers and broadcast outlets in the same market (the 'newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership rule') nor a cross-service restriction on common ownership of radio and television outlets in the same market (the 'radio-television cross-ownership rule') [remained] necessary in the public interest."7 The Commission found that "the ends sought can be achieved with more precision and with greater deference to First Amendment interests through [its] modified Cross Media Limits ('CML')."8 The Commission also revised the market definition and the way it counted stations for purposes of the local radio rule; revised the local television multiple ownership rule to permit the common ownership of up to three stations in large markets; modified the national television ownership cap to raise the national audience reach limit to 45%; and retained the dual network rule.


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The court in Prometheus upheld the restriction on common ownership of the market's top four broadcast television stations, but, again, remanded the numerical limits "for the Commission to harmonize certain inconsistencies and better support its assumptions and rationale."12 In making its decision, the court found that the Commission had presented evidence in the record to adequately support the "top-four restriction,"13 while failing to justify the market share assumptions used as the basis for the numerical limits. The court stated that "[n]o evidence supports the Commission's equal market share assumption, and no reasonable explanation underlies its decision to disregard actual market share."14 The court upheld the Commission's new definition of local markets with respect to radio finding that the Commission's decision was "in the public interest" and that it was a "rational exercise of rulemaking authority."15 The court also found that the Commission justified the inclusion of noncommercial stations in the new definition. However, with respect to the numerical limits retained by the Commission, the court concluded that while the numerical limits approach was rational and in the public interest, the Commission failed to support its decision to retain these particular limits with "reasoned analysis."16 Because, none of the parties bringing the Prometheus case challenged the retention of the dual network rule, this was not addressed by the court.

In the NOI, the FCC has asked whether the current limits achieve the goal of preserving competition in the local radio market.42 Specifically, the Commission asks if it continues to make sense to have subcaps on ownership of stations within the same service (FM and AM), and whether it should take into account other forms of delivery for audio programming (presumably satellite and Internet radio) when determining the ownership caps.

The dual network rule prohibits a merger between the top four networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox).47 It otherwise permits common ownership of multiple broadcast networks. With regards to this rule, the Commission has asked if it should refine its approach to consider common ownership of networks more broadly, rather than merely banning common ownership of the top four.48 Among other general questions, the Commission also asked how a merger of two of the top four might affect access to programming and competition in the market.

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Fans do have a slight wine to them but it doesn't bother me personally. Smaller fans normally have a higher frequency-rich audio profile, that is expected. Even on the max setting it's certainly acceptable in my book especially if wearing headphones. There's coil wine when the dGPU warms up but it is expected also considering the wattage and high frequencies of the dGPU's operation, but I can see how someone could be put off by it. I am pretty sure this is common with all modern GPUs for laptops and desktops.

The THX stereo software in my case made the sound even worse than vanilla. It made it more spacious sounding alright but required tinkering with the equalizer, depending on the source, to avoid crackling and noise. In the end I just uninstalled it as the standard Realtek audio drivers were satisfactory to me. The sound from the four speakers is certainly not bad. Not great but not bad at all. At least there's an option to use the THX and having options is good. 006ab0faaa

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