For example, considering two complex numbers (representing vectors)

𝑧=π‘₯1+𝑖𝑦1, and 𝑧2=π‘₯2+𝑖𝑦2.

The dot or scalar product of 𝑧1 and 𝑧2 may be defined as

𝑧1.𝑧2=𝑅𝑒[conjugate(𝑧1)𝑧2]=π‘₯1π‘₯2+𝑦1𝑦2=|𝑧1||𝑧2|cos(𝛼),

where 𝛼 is the angle between 𝑧1 and 𝑧2, lying between 0 and πœ‹.

The cross product of 𝑧1 and 𝑧2 may be defined as the vector

|𝑧1×𝑧2|=(0,0,π‘₯1𝑦2βˆ’π‘¦1π‘₯2).

This vector is perpendicular to the complex plane and has the following magnitude:

|𝑧1×𝑧2|=πΌπ‘š[conjugate(𝑧1) 𝑧2]=π‘₯1𝑦2βˆ’π‘¦1π‘₯2=|𝑧1| |𝑧2| sin(𝛼)