Prism Geometry:
Simple and Efficient 3-D Spatial Model
Authors
Joon-Seok Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Ki-Joune Li
Kim, J.-S., Lee, T.-H., & Li, K.-J. (2008), Prism Geometry: Simple and Efficient 3-D Spatial Model (Extended Abstract), In Proceeding of 3rd International Workshop on 3D Geo-information, Seoul, Korea, (pp. 139-145)
Introduction
With the recent increase of demands for 3D information, we need a robust data model of 3D spatial objects to meet the requirements from diverse applications. For this reason, several studies have been done out by ISO/TC211 and OGC, among which the data model of ISO 19107 and the data model for KML are the most important ones. The data model of ISO 19107 provides a strong expressive power of 3D spatial information with a sophisticated model for full 3D solid object. And GML is based on the spatial data model of ISO 19107. However this data model has a serious drawback that the size of data in GML is large and the implementation of ISO 19107 is difficult and heavy, due to the complicated structure of this data model.
On the contrary, the data model employed by KML, which has been developed for the use of Google Earth, includes a simple 3D spatial data model to offer visualization services of 2D and 2.5D spatial objects. Compared with GML, the size of data in KML is smaller than GML and most of systems supporting KML are lighter than those for GML. However the expressive power in KML is limited due to its simple spatial data model and COLLADA, which is another data format for 3D spatial objects, must to be used if the 3D information is complex.
In this paper, we propose an alternative 3D data model, called prism model, to provide an enough expressive power and achieve a satisfactory efficiency at the same time. Note that the prism means not only the triangular prism but also polygonal prism. Our model is based on the extrusion technique to represent 3D objects from 2D footprint spatial objects like the model in KML. But we generalized it to handle more diverse shapes with upper and lower geometries as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. An example of prism geometry
Related Publications:
Kim, J. S., & Wenk, C. (2022). Simplification of indoor space footprints. In Spatial Gems, Volume 1 (pp. 49-60). (Link)
Kim, J. S., & Wenk, C. (2019, January). Simplification of Indoor Space Footprints. In 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Spatial Gems (SpatialGems 2019). (arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.05564)
Kim, J. S., & Li, K. J. (2019). Simplification of geometric objects in an indoor space. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, Volume 147, (pp. 146-162). (Link)
Kim, J. S., Kang, H. Y., Lee, T. H., & Li, K. J. (2009, May). Topology of the prism model for 3D indoor spatial objects. In 2009 Tenth International Conference on Mobile Data Management: Systems, Services and Middleware (pp. 698-703). IEEE. (Link)
Jang, D.-S., Kim, H.-C., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J.-S., & Li, K.-J. (2010, October), A Performance Comparison of 3-D Spatial Operation between Prism Model and B-Rep Model, In Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies Conference, (pp. 303-305)
Ki Joune Li, Joon Seok Kim, Hye Young Kang, and Tae-hoon Li, The method for representing 3D object, The method for processing query of topology about 3D object and the apparatus thereof, Korean Patent Application, 1020090111132, 2009-11-17
Related Presentation:
Kim, J.-S. (2013, March 7). Prism Model: Alternative 3D Spatial Model with Simplicity and Efficiency, IMSC Retreat 2013, Los Angeles, California, USA