Pregnant Telegram

Pregnancy is a unique physiological condition in which medication intake offers a challenge and a worry due to changed drug pharmacokinetics and drugs potentially crossing the placenta, such as beta blockers and benzodiazepines. As a result, medication safety during pregnancy has gained global interest, attracting attention from doctors and pregnant women, little of which has been documented regarding the Saudi population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess medication use and perceptions of medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding among women in Saudi Arabia.

The study's eligibility criteria included Saudi females aged 18 years and above who are pregnant or have been pregnant before. Participants who did not complete the questionnaire or did not agree to participate were excluded.

Pregnant Telegram

Download Zip 🔥 https://cinurl.com/2y3AHV 🔥

A validated self-questionnaire from a previous study was used [1]. In addition, a cover letter with instructions and information about medication definitions (i.e., not to include iron and vitamin supplements as medication; herbal medicines were defined as products for self-care with animal or plant origins and sold over the counter) was used. The questionnaire contained questions regarding demographics including age, parity, educational levels, and current medication use: frequent users (medication use daily to several times a week), non-frequent users (medication use once a week to once a month), and non-users (medication use rarely or never).Also, the questionnaire contained questions asking about pregnant women's perceptions of medication use and herbal medicines in general and their perceptions about medication use in relation to the need for the medication. Lastly, the questionnaire had a question asking about the sources of information related to medications.

The questionnaire was translated into Arabic by an expert to make it easier for the target population to read and understand. In addition, an electronic Google Forms survey was used and distributed on different social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Twitter, and Telegram. Features of Google Forms, such as "required to proceed" to ensure the study criteria would be fulfilled, were employed. The following question was provided at the beginning of the questionnaire: "Are you pregnant now, or have you ever been pregnant?" If the answer were "yes," the participant would continue to go through questions in the questionnaire; however, if the answer were "no," the questionnaire form would be submitted directly.

Nearly 32.9% of the participants in this study used medication daily or several times a week. About 21.9% used medications once a week or once per month, whereas 45.2% rarely or never used medications during pregnancy or breastfeeding. This conclusion is similar to another research conducted in Sweden, where 50% of pregnant women filled a prescription at least once [1]. This demonstrates the importance of researching pregnant women's attitudes toward medication use to provide them with expert counseling.

Previous research has shown that women become more cautious about using medications while pregnant [6,9]. However, most of the women in our research had changed their perceptions about using medications since getting pregnant, and most of them felt that pregnant women should abstain from taking any sort of medicine. Additionally, they were less likely to take medicine when pregnant than when not. This suggests that detailed medication counseling is required during pregnancy, especially when a woman is given a prescription for a medication that is critical for her health or the health of the unborn child.In our study, about (43.8%) of pregnant women agreed that taking medications during pregnancy or while breastfeeding was dangerous and did more harm than good. About 47.7% of our participants think using medications during early pregnancy is probably harmful. This was supported by another study done in Sweden, where more than 50% of pregnant women thought that taking medications in the first trimester, last trimester, or while breastfeeding was dangerous or probably detrimental [1].We found that those with low educational levels think that herbal medicines are harmful in early pregnancy. For example, a study done in Saudi Arabia stated that pregnant women with low levels of education were more comfortable using herbal and/or natural medicines during their pregnancies and believed they did not need to visit a doctor first [6]. Similarly, prior research has shown that women with a lower level of education regarded using herbal medicines as more dangerous than women with a higher level of education [9].

We found that nearly two-thirds (66.4%) of the women admitted that if they took medication while pregnant, they would be concerned about fetal malformation. This shows the need to provide pregnant women with accurate and balanced information about the potential effects of medications on the fetus's health. As a result, inquiries regarding potential worry should be carefully addressed and answered. These findings are consistent with the Swedish study [1]. Also, this was consistent with the findings reported in the congruent study conducted in the Netherlands, in which the most reported maternal concerns had a child with congenital disabilities [13]. An online survey of 210 pregnant women revealed that 36.2% had low medication adherence. Low adherence to the treatment plan during pregnancy was largely influenced by preconceptions about medications [14]. Similarly, a small number of participants in our study declined to receive necessary or highly recommended medicine.The pregnant women in our study appeared to prefer consulting with physicians who worked in antenatal care facilities for guidance and information regarding medication use. Given that the women in this study showed a high level of confidence in the advice of healthcare experts, asking directly about worries regarding medication use can likely result in better adherence to a treatment regimen. In our study, most women chose professional information sources (physicians) above unofficial sources (i.e., the internet and friends/relatives). Another study done in Sweden had the same results as our study [1]. Also, this was consistent with the findings of the Ethiopian study, which also concluded that physician was the most reported source of information [15].

Age and attitudes toward using herbal medicines were also found to be significantly correlated; younger women evaluated the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy as less dangerous than older women. Even though little is known about herbal remedies' potential side effects, teratogenicity, and drug interactions [6], the pregnant women in our study considered herbal medicines less harmful than medications.

The majority (80.6%) of the participants agreed on medication use during pregnancy. Less than half (43.8%) of the participants agreed that using medications during pregnancy does more harm than good. Half (50.4%) of the participants agreed that women's health is prioritized when medications are used during pregnancy over the health of the fetus. These findings were found to be similar to the findings from the congruent study carried out in the Italian study, which also reported that more than half of pregnant women agreed to use medications during pregnancy for their health [16].

Given the inclusion criteria and the high response rate, the likelihood of response bias is reduced, which makes the findings generalizable to a Saudi population. However, only Saudi women who could read and write Arabic were included in the study, which presents a limitation. As a result, we cannot say with certainty if the findings apply to pregnant women who cannot read or write Arabic.

According to water quality experts, there are several steps consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water. These actions are particularly important for pregnant women, formula-fed infants and children younger than 6.

Consider having children younger than 6 and pregnant women tested for lead in their blood. There is no safe level of lead. Most lead-poisoned people do not look or act sick. The Milwaukee Health Department recommends testing vulnerable children at age 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, however, recent research based in Flint suggests infants on formula also should be tested.

"Despite some of the biases, white moms are actually more likely to die by overdose in pregnancy and postpartum than African American moms. But our African American moms are much more likely to die by homicide. As a matter of fact, for African-American women, the risk of dying by partner violence while pregnant increases eight fold.

One of the most effective steps a pregnant woman can take to reduce her fall risk is to undergo physical therapy. A therapist skilled in prenatal PT can establish an exercise routine that counteracts the high-risk factors that come with pregnancy. Here is a look at the key changes PT can make for an expecting mother.

A physical therapist can implement balance exercises into a fall prevention program in order to help the pregnant woman get used to her new center of gravity and achieve a better sense of balance. Some of the steps the PT may take to achieve this goal include the following:

A healthy and regular diet is needed to maintain the body's immunity, the benefits that can be used for mothers and fetuses to help in the growth and development of the fetus in the mother's womb so that the eating patterns that are consumed must have good quality and nutrition, because good diet can be increase the development of the fetus while in the womb, so it is necessary to make an application with the aim of providing information on a dietary pattern of raspberry-based pregnant women using the telegram chatbot. In this study using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method where this method has a plan in the form of planning, analysis (analysis), design (design), implementation (implements) and management (maintenance). The results of this study use the telegram chatbot as a medium of information that can be delivered easily because the working principle of the chatbot on the telegram has a button feature that makes it easier for user friendly-based use so as to reduce the system error. Users will get results in the form of a PDF document (information on diet, nutritional content, and examples of foods that can be consumed) or images of good solutions and nutrition so that they can be downloaded easily through mobile phones with a minimum specification in the form of Android and Notebook and Personal Computer (PC). 2351a5e196