What are your main priorities when you come to install a roof? Is it energy efficiency, cost, warmth - or do you simply want to keep the rain out? The kind of roof you choose will be dictated by your priorities and also to a certain extent by the type of structure you are building. Today warm roof construction is generally the most popular option, but cold roofs have certainly been around longer and also have many things to recommend them.
One obvious benefit of warm roof construction for domestic purposes is that its insulation is on the outside of the structure, so the decking within is kept warm. With a cold roof, the waterproofing is laid directly onto the decking so the only place for insulation is between the ceiling joists. This creates two opposing temperatures within the roof which can cause condensation as well as a certain amount of heat loss. With the warm roof, where there are not two opposing temperatures, condensation is avoided. Through ventilation can be used in cold roofs in some cases to reduce this risk, but this can be difficult to achieve, for example if the roof abuts the house.
In terms of energy efficiency, warm roofs are probably the best choice for new-build projects. Because there is less of an issue with condensation this also means there is no need for ventilation which significantly reduces the amount of energy needed to heat a building. With cold roofs, voids are needed underneath roof tiles in order for the condensation to dissipate and this means a great deal of heat can be lost.
Warm roofs are also able to incorporate modern polyisocyanurate (PIR) rigid foam insulation as there are no depth limitations to be considered. With cold roofs, because as mentioned above there is only a limited space for insulation around the ceiling joists, glass mineral wool insulation is used instead. Whilst this has been sufficient in the past, the need for ventilation means it is not as efficient as the newer, rigid forms of insulation.
Cold roof construction is certainly the cheaper option all-told, but the higher costs of warm roof construction can be easily set off by the cost and energy saving benefits - and this is true for both flat and pitched roofs. All-in-all, this does seem to be the more efficient method and its popularity can only continue to grow as insulation technology improves further.
Cold roof construction is the older roofing method and is still used today in certain circumstances. However, warm roof construction is certainly proving the most popular nowadays from an efficiency perspective.
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