Results from naturally ventilated buildings show that allowing the indoor temperature to drift does not necessarily result in thermal discomfort and may allow for a reduction in energy use. However, for stationary conditions, several studies indicate that the thermal neutral temperature and optimum thermal condition differ between young adults and elderly. There is a lack of studies that describe the effect of aging on thermal comfort and productivity during a moderate temperature drift. In this study, the effect of a moderate temperature drift on physiological responses, thermal comfort, and productivity of eight young adults (age 22-25 year) and eight older subjects (age 67-73 year) was investigated. They were exposed to two different conditions: S1-a control condition; constant temperature of 21.5 degrees C; duration: 8 h; and S2-a transient condition; temperature range: 17-25 degrees C, duration: 8 h, temperature drift: first 4 h: +2 K/h, last 4 h: -2 K/h. The results indicate that thermal sensation of the elderly was, in general, 0.5 scale units lower in comparison with their younger counterparts. Furthermore, the elderly showed more distal vasoconstriction during both conditions. Nevertheless, TS of the elderly was related to air temperature only, while TS of the younger adults also was related to skin temperature. During the constant temperature session, the elderly preferred a higher temperature in comparison with the young adults.

Practical implications:  Because the stock of fossil fuels is limited, energy savings play an important role. Thermal comfort is one of the most important performance indicators to successfully apply measures to reduce the energy need in buildings. Allowing drifts in indoor temperature is one of the options to reduce the energy demand. This study contributes to the knowledge concerning the effects of a moderate temperature drift and the age of the inhabitants on their thermal comfort.


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Materials and methods:  Thirty young orthodontic patients (15 males and 15 females) who had no previous experience of impressions were enrolled in this study. Conventional impressions for orthodontic study models of the dental arches were taken using an alginate impression material (Hydrogum, Zhermack Spa, Badia Polesine, Rovigo, Italy). Fifteen days later, digital impressions of both arches were acquired using an intraoral scanner (CS3600, Carestream Dental, Rochester, NY, USA). Immediately after impression taking, patients' acceptability, comfort and stress were measured using two questionnaires and the State anxiety scale.

Pharmacological intervention with laxatives is the conventional treatment for functional constipation (FC). Data to support the dietary management of FC is lacking. This study compared the efficacy of two Comfort young child formulas (YCFs) with regards to the maintenance of healthy stooling parameters in toddlers with a history of constipation. It was registered in the Netherlands Trial Registry [identifier: NL7420 (NTR7653)], registration date 20/09/2018.

FGIDs have been linked to both short- and long-term (negative) effects on health and quality of life of young children as well as their caregivers. For example, both children with FC as well as their families have lower health-related quality of life [15], while school aged- children had persistent fatigue with significant school absenteeism [16, 17]. Due to the magnitude of the problem, paediatric FC has also substantial impact on healthcare and medical costs [18, 19].

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of two commercially available Comfort young child formulas (YCFs) with regards to the maintenance of healthy stooling parameters in toddlers with a history of FC. In addition, effects of consumption of these formulae with respect to other symptoms, defined in the Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of FC in toddlers and young children, were examined.

Pre-study treatment consisted of 1.5 g/kg bodyweight polyethylene glycol 3350 (Macrogol) (PEG). After treatment, subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned by the investigator paediatrician to receive one of two young child formulae (YCF) commercially available in Mexico in 2019, specifically designed for the dietary management of hard stools. During the first four weeks of the intervention (maintenance phase), toddlers received a decreasing maintenance dose of PEG according to standard clinical protocol, as presented in Fig. 1. Subsequently, subjects only consumed formula for another four weeks (post-maintenance phase).

Security objects for young children come in many forms. Worn blankets, ancient stuffed animals, bottles, pacifiers and scraps of garment lining are among the most common. The names bestowed on these objects usually originate from a baby's earliest attempts to speak - for example, "ba ba," "pooty," "binky," and "blankey."

What's going on here? Should parents and caregivers try to wean toddlers from their deep attachments to security objects? Or should they encourage children to form such attachments and make the security objects available throughout early childhood or even later? Many parents have no choice in the matter, because specific attachments usually occur before the adults are aware of them. A parent or caregiver may not realize at first that a baby is crying and resisting rest or sleep because a certain blanket or comfort object is not where the child can see or feel it.

Objects apparently can become substitutes for the sense of comfort and security that comes from being held, rocked or walked. They provide constancy during a period of rapid change. Holding the security blanket or object allows the child to experience familiar feelings of security and face new, even frightening, events such as separation from parents.

In a New York Times article, Dr. Paul Horton was quoted as saying, "...the ability to give solace to oneself is the basis of such major positive feelings as joy, awe, forgiveness and generosity." At the very least, these "bankees" surely are comforting and young children's attachments to them should not be discouraged.

Between July 2000 and February 2001, Save the Children carried out a study funded on the situation of young separated refugee children in England. Researchers spoke to 125 young asylum-seekers and refugees who have been separated from their parents or usual carers. They also spoke to 125 professionals working with these young people, to identify the constraints on and opportunities for the services provided to them. This study reveals what life is like for young separated refugees and makes a number of recommendations for action to improve their situation.

When a nurse called the family back, Lowe's fears only grew. A young doctor walked into the room and told Lowe and his wife that he would be performing the surgery. As the doctor began to explain how the surgery would proceed, Lowe's mind went to the worst possible outcome.

A lot has been written about the value of these toys for young children. They help them develop sensory skills. Children also derive comfort from cuddling stuffed animals and build social skills by involving their animals in pretend-play scenarios.

But what of young children who are still working on self-regulation? Or who would benefit from the tangible feel of a living animal more than the tactile reassurance of the stuffed animal? There is another emerging option, and it has been hiding in plain sight: animatronics, something top toy makers have understood for many years.

Imagine a toy the size of a small dog that looks authentic, feels like a stuffed animal, and "breathes" along with young children. Further, imagine that this dog has a prosthetic leg (evoking empathy and resilience) and wears a service vest (denoting power and self-control). In 2020, Breathing Bouncy, an animatronic service dog, arrived on the scene, embodying all of the aforementioned attributes. Bouncy also denotes an optimistic ability to overcome setbacks and succeed against the odds. The toy is available for use in both English and Spanish.

In an interview at StoryCorps, Davis, now 32, tells his friend Dan Marek, 40, about a special delivery from home that brought him immense comfort as a young soldier in the throes of conflict.

The question is how do we, as nurturing adults, help young people cope with these emotions and equip them with the skills they need to be caring, connected, and capable adults? Any loss for a child or youth, such as a failing an exam, death of a pet, changes in family structure, or events from a disaster, can lead to a wide variety of feelings such as disappointment, sadness, loneliness, or anger. These feelings are common reactions to such experiences.

Our experienced phlebotomists visit the children in the comfort and familiar surroundings of their own homes, at times that suit them. Appointments can be booked at relatively short notice, the whole process takes less than an hour, and our phlebotomists are experts in helping the children feel calm and relaxed.

As well as supporting the NHS clinical team, reducing workload and ensuring medication is correctly prescribed, our service also means these young patients and their families are spared the need to visit hospital more than necessary.

As a child care provider, you know the importance of familiar routines for young children. They like to know when and what to expect. This is especially true for military children. Every child experiences changes as part of normal life. But as someone who provides child care for military families, you know that the changes common to military children are super-sized:

When child care providers grasp the impact of familiar faces, places, and things to young children faced with big changes, they can better appreciate their role in making sure child care is a haven where children can feel confident, calm, and in control. The time military children spend in this place of confidence and comfort will help them be more resilient, to recharge their batteries emotionally so that they can cope with the challenges of change. e24fc04721

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