Pokmon[a] is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo and The Pokmon Company under the Pokmon media franchise. It was created by Satoshi Tajiri with assistance from Ken Sugimori, the first games, Pocket Monsters Red and Green, were released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy, later released outside of Japan as Pokmon Red Version and Blue Version. The main series of role-playing video games (RPGs), referred as the "core series" by their developers,[1][2][3] has continued on each generation of Nintendo's handhelds. The most recently released core series games, Pokmon Scarlet and Violet, were released on November 18, 2022, for the Nintendo Switch.

In addition to Game Freak's development, Creatures provides support through their Pokmon CG Studio, which creates 3D models for the Pokmon in the games, and also develops some spin-off titles. In 1998, Nintendo, Creatures, and Game Freak jointly established The Pokmon Company, which manages licensing, production, publishing, marketing and deals for the franchise both within Asia and worldwide through The Pokmon Company International.[4][5][6]


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The core games are released in generations, each with different Pokmon, storylines, and characters. Remakes of the games are usually released around a decade after the original versions for the latest console at the time. While the main series consists of RPGs developed by Game Freak, many spin-off games based on the series have been developed by various companies, encompassing other genres such as action role-playing, puzzle, fighting, and digital pet games.

Pokmon is one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time, with successful anime series, movies, and merchandise, with spin-off game Pokmon Go having crossed 1 billion mobile game downloads worldwide.[7] By November 24, 2017, more than 300 million Pokmon games had been sold worldwide on handheld and home consoles, across 76 titles, including spin-offs.[8] As of March 2023[update], the series has sold over 480 million units worldwide.[9] This makes Pokmon the third best-selling video game franchise, behind Nintendo's own Mario franchise, and Tetris.

All of the licensed Pokmon properties overseen by The Pokmon Company are divided roughly by generation. These generations are roughly chronological divisions by release; when an official sequel in the main role-playing game series is released that features new Pokmon, characters, and possibly new gameplay concepts, that sequel is considered the start of a new generation of the franchise. The main games and their spin-offs, the anime, manga, and trading card game are all updated with the new Pokmon properties each time a new generation begins. The franchise began its ninth and current generation with Pokmon Scarlet and Violet, which were released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on November 18, 2022.

The original Pokmon games are Japanese role-playing video games (RPGs) with an element of strategy and were created by Satoshi Tajiri for the Game Boy. The Pokmon series began with the release of Pocket Monsters Red and Green for the Game Boy in Japan. When these games proved popular, an enhanced Blue version was released sometime after, and the Blue version was reprogrammed as Pokmon Red and Blue for international release. The original Green version was not released outside Japan.[15] Afterwards, a second enhanced remake, Pokmon Yellow, was released to use the color palette of the Game Boy Color and more of a stylistic resemblance to the popular Pokmon anime.

This first generation of games introduced the original 151 species of Pokmon (in National Pokdex order, encompassing all Pokmon from Bulbasaur to Mew), as well as the basic game concepts of capturing, training, battling and trading Pokmon with both computer and human players. These versions of the games take place within the fictional Kanto region, though the name "Kanto" was not used until the second generation.

The second generation of Pokmon video games began in 1999 with the Japanese release of Pokmon Gold and Silver for the Game Boy Color, with Australia and North America getting the game in October 2000 and European release date of April 2001. Like the previous generation, an enhanced version, titled Pokmon Crystal, was later released.

Pokmon entered its third generation with the 2002 release of Pokmon Ruby and Sapphire for Game Boy Advance and continued with the Game Boy Advance remakes of Pokmon Red and Green, Pokmon FireRed and LeafGreen (Red and Green representing the original Japanese first generation games; territories outside Japan instead saw releases of Red and Blue). An enhanced version of Pokmon Ruby and Sapphire titled Pokmon Emerald followed after.

The third generation introduced 135 new Pokmon (starting with Treecko and ending with Deoxys) for a total of 386 species. It also features a more visually detailed environment compared to previous games, "natures" which affect Pokmon stats, a new 2-on-2 Pokmon battling mechanic, a special ability system applying to each Pokmon in battle, the Pokmon Contest sub-game, the new region of Hoenn, the ability to select the protagonist's gender and Secret Bases: customizable "rooms" where the player can display items they have collected in-game and battle against real friends. Secret Bases can be found in bushes, trees, or small cave openings in landscapes by using the Pokmon move, Secret Power, which can be taught to virtually all Pokmon. However, this generation also garnered some criticism for leaving out several gameplay features, including the day-and-night system introduced in the previous generation (which was removed due to internal-battery save problems), and it was also the first installment that encouraged the player to collect merely a selected assortment of the total number of Pokmon rather than every existing species (202 out of 386 species are catchable in the Ruby and Sapphire versions). It was around this time that the franchise was regaining its popularity, managing to ship over 100 million games worldwide.[18][19]

Third-generation spin-off titles include Pokmon Pinball: Ruby & Sapphire for Game Boy Advance; Pokmon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team and Red Rescue Team for Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS; Pokmon Dash, Pokmon Trozei! and Pokmon Ranger for Nintendo DS; Pokmon Channel and Pokmon Box: Ruby & Sapphire for GameCube; and two role-playing games for the GameCube, consisting of the games Pokmon Colosseum and Pokmon XD: Gale of Darkness.

In 2006, Japan began the fourth generation of the franchise with the release of Pokmon Diamond and Pearl for Nintendo DS. The games were released in North America on April 22, 2007, and in Australia on June 21, 2007. The game was released in the UK and Europe on July 27, 2007.[20] Other main series games in the fourth generation include Pokmon Platinum, a director's cut version of Diamond and Pearl in the same vein as Pokmon Yellow, Crystal, and Emerald.[21][22] It was released for the Nintendo DS in Japan on September 13, 2008,[23] in North America on March 22, 2009,[24][25] and in Australia and Europe on May 14, 2009,[26] and May 22, 2009,[27] respectively. It was also announced that Pokmon Gold and Silver would be remade for the Nintendo DS as Pokmon HeartGold and SoulSilver.[28] Released in Japan on September 12, 2009, the games were later released to North America, Australia, and Europe during March 2010.[29][30][31]

Spin-off games in the fourth generation include the Pokmon Stadium follow-up Pokmon Battle Revolution for Wii (which has Wi-Fi connectivity as well[32]), Pokmon Ranger: Shadows of Almia and Pokmon Ranger: Guardian Signs for Nintendo DS, Pokmon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness and their sister game, Explorers of Sky all for the Nintendo DS, a co-starring role for Pikachu, Jigglypuff, Lucario, and a Pokmon Trainer (who uses Squirtle, Ivysaur, and Charizard for fighting) in the 2008 Wii fighter Super Smash Bros. Brawl as well as a great adventure for Pikachu and friends in PokPark Wii: Pikachu's Adventure.

The fifth generation of Pokmon began on September 18, 2010, with the release of Pokmon Black and White in Japan. They were then released in North America, Europe, and Australia in March 2011. They have released on the Nintendo DS, the same console as its predecessing generation. The games take place in the Unova region. New features include the C-Gear, a feature where players can use Wi-Fi options and customizations; two new battle methods ("Triple Battles", where three Pokmon are sent out at once, and Rotation Battles, where three Pokmon are also sent out at the same time, but the trainer can switch one Pokmon out of the three that are present); "Battle Tests", where trainers battle each other to see who has stronger Pokmon; the Pokmon Musicals (similar to Pokmon Contests), which have trainers use their Pokmon to dance in a theater with other Pokmon; and the ability to not waste Technical Machines (TMs), also when found the first time. The other main series games, and the additions to Black and White, titled Pokmon Black 2 and White 2, are direct sequels. They take place in the Unova region two years later and were released in Japan on June 23, 2012, and in North America, Australia, and Europe in October of that year for Nintendo DS. They are somewhat different of their predecessors; there are different protagonist trainers, and many of the other important characters have changed as well. The games also introduced a new feature, the "Pokmon World Tournament", where trainers can battle gym leaders and champions from older regions, including Unova. The games also broke the tradition of releasing a third version as an addition to the primary versions. 0852c4b9a8

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