Location Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Singapore

Rebecca Sim Chez Ngee

Abstract

Due to the widespread use of limited fossil fuels worldwide, there is a scarcity of these resources. Burning these fossil fuels for energy also leads to global warming that affects people all over the world. Among the significant consumers of fossil fuels, transportation stands out, mainly using gasoline derived from fossil sources. To address this issue and reduce our reliance on gasoline-powered cars, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity on a global scale. EVs run on electricity, and there are numerous sustainable methods to generate the needed power, such as solar, wind, tidal energy, and more. By embracing EVs, countries can effectively lower their gasoline consumption and move towards greater sustainability. However, the adoption of EVs faces various challenges. Take Singapore as an example: EVs are quite expensive to purchase, and on top of that, there are extra costs associated with charging infrastructure. Even if the cost isn't a concern, many Singaporean residents live in HDBs, which are public housing apartments with communal parking spaces. As a result, some might feel uneasy about buying an EV charger and leaving it in a public area where others could misuse it. Furthermore, the limited availability of public EV charging stations can be inconvenient for EV users when they need to charge their vehicles at their destinations. These are just a few of the obstacles to wider EV adoption in Singapore. This paper covers:

• EV adoption barriers and challenges faced by Singapore as well as some proposed solutions

• Using operations research optimization models to allocate EV chargers in public carparks around Singapore to increase EV adoption