Klasyfikacja i wybór zastosowań BIM

VERSION 0.9; September 2013 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; RALPH G. KREIDER I JOHN I. MESSNER

LINK TO ORIGINAL PDFThis citation of the original document made available for free in the public domain (link is provided in the sources at the end of the document) - has not been approved by the authors and has not been submitted for approval. The translation is carried out in the google translator automated translation system with interference in text formatting in order to enable it to be heard in text reading applications.

Classification and selection of BIM applications

THANKS

This work builds on the concepts in the BIM Project Planning Guide and the BIM Planning Guide for Property Owners. These guides were written by members of the Computer Integrated Structures Research Group (CIC) at Pennsylvania State University, including: John Messner, Chimay Anumba, Robert Leicht, Craig Dubler, Ralph Kreider, Colleen Kasprzak, Nevena Zikic, Chitwan Saluja, Shane Goodman , Ashwin Ramesh, Eric Nulton, Dan Weiger, and Kim Price. The guides were sponsored by the Charles Pankow Foundation, The Construction Industry Institute; US Military Healthcare System DoD, Kaiser Permanente, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Penn State Office of Physical Plant (OPP), and Partnership for Building Excellence (PACE). The guides were created through buildingSMART alliance ™ (bSa) BIM Project Planning and BIM for Owners. This document has been reviewed by Steven Ayer (Penn State), Dianne Davis (AEC Infosystems), Robert Fraga (MBP), Sonali Kumar (Balfour Beatty), Charles Miller (MBP), Mairav Mintz (MBP), and Rachel Riopel Wiley ( HDR). C titation of TEGO D OCUMENT Kreider, Ralph G. and Messner, John I. (2013). "BIM Applications: Classification and Selection of BIM Applications". Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. http://bim.psu.edu. Copyright of this document. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States license. For a copy of this license, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/ or post to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA

SUMMARY

This document introduces the BIM Application Classification System. This classification system provides a common language for building information modeling (or BIM applications) applications that can be used to convey the precise purpose and context of a BIM implementation in an equity instrument project. The use of BIM is defined as a method of applying Building Information Modeling during the construction of an object's lifecycle to achieve one or more detail objectives. The BIM Project Execution Planning Guide provides a structured method of planning a deployment for Modeling Building Information in a Project. The procedure includes the following four steps: 1) Identify valuable BIM applications during planning, design, construction and operational phases 2) Design the BIM execution process by creating process maps 3) Define BIM products in the form of information exchange 4) Develop infrastructure in the form of contracts, communication procedures , technology, and quality control to support implementation A classification system can be implemented as an alternative approach to the first step, the procedure defined in Chapter 2 of the BIM Project Execution Planning Guide. Rather than classifying BIM Uses this system by facility phase (as done in the BIM Project Planning Guide) classifies BIM applications based on the purpose of BIM implementation. It's very important to understand that BIM doesn't change the goal like that - just the means by which the goal will be achieved. BIM applications are divided into five primary goals: 1) Collection, 2) Generation, 3) Analysis, 4) Communication, and 5) Delivery. These goals can be further broken down into 18 BIM implementation sub-goals. By using the goal definition, you can convey the exact "why" of your BIM implementation. Once the goal is defined, the use of BIM is more accurately identified by developing detailed characteristics of the BIM application, such as the feature element, facility phase, author discipline, or level of development. The BIM Use classification systems and procedure provide the basic terminology and structure for communicating the purposes for which BIM is implemented. It can be used in procurement language and BIM planning to define the precise requirements of different parties. It can also be used to standardize terminology related to the exchange of processes and information. Overall, BIM Applications classification allows for better communication of the goals and methods of BIM implementation throughout the text of the facility lifecycle.

PREFACE

During the development of the BIM 1 Execution Planning Guide, the research team documented approximately twenty-five (24 to 26 depending on version) BIM applications, mainly identified through industry interviews. These BIM applications were generally organized by project phase (planning, design, build and service). Many implementers have commented on the value of having defined BIM applications, but the organization of these applications in the Guide, while simple to understand, had several disadvantages. First, all BIM use does not fall within one project phase. In fact, most can occur in multiple phases of a project. It is arguable that any BIM application can be applied during any phase of the facility's lifecycle. Second, the current structure has several levels, categories or classes of BIM applications. Moreover, this structure is not very flexible with changes such as adding new Uses as they develop. While the BIM Project Planning Guide has made progress towards standardizing the list of terms and definitions, the names have not been accepted uniformly and as teams adapt the Guide materials to their own goals, they often tailor BIM applications to suit their individual needs. In addition to the BIM Project Planning Guide, there are other guides and documents that provide a list of BIM Applications. Of the publications that list BIM uses, the lists vary considerably from one publication to the next, and several publications categorize the uses into classes and class hierarchies. Therefore, the structure presented in this document is intended to provide a standardized list and definition. Uses BIM and organizes Applications into classes and class hierarchies. The purpose of this document is to define a common language for BIM applications. By developing this common language, teams can communicate BIM implementation goals more clearly per project or within their organization. This document provides the basic terminology and organizational structure for the purposes for which BIM is implemented throughout the facility lifecycle. Applications can be used in the development of a BIM plan or to better incorporate requirements determination. They can also be used to standardize the process and information exchanges terminology. This standardization is crucial for future changes in the national BIM Standard - USA. Overall, BIM applications allow for better communication goals for implementing BIM throughout the life of the facility. This BIM application classification was established by the comprehensive ontology development methodology. The methods used to classify BIM applications included: 1) domain and scope definition, 2) domain knowledge, 3) domain conditions identification, 4) conditions integration, 5) evaluation (improvement and approval) of the classification system, and 6) documentation of the classification system. To develop a classification system, over 550 terms have been documented using content analysis, software analysis, brainstorming, and industry practice analysis. These 550 terms of use were then grouped by common attributes into approximately 30 groups. During this process, only the purpose of Use of BIM term was considered. Therefore, elements such as the design phase, the object element, the discipline and the development level were not taken into account when designing the classes. These groups were then organized into larger BIM application categories and organized into a hierarchical structure. This structure was then internally assessed through competency questions, mapping the original conditions to the structure, and comparison with other structures such as BIM 2 tetralogy. Based on internal evaluation, the ontology has been updated and externally verified. The external validation included one-on-one interviews with over 30 industry experts and 4 separate industry groups. Based on external feedback, the structure has been updated and documented. This document is intended to communicate the BIM Uses classification system and the purpose of BIM. The first part of the document introduces BIM Use classification systems. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the elements of the classification system, including BIM Application Goals and BIM Application Characteristics. The BIM Usage Purpose section describes the purpose for each BIM uses. The BIM Usage Characteristics section describes the Object Element, Phase Object, Discipline, and Development Level. These sections are followed by a method for implementing the BIM Usage Classification System. This method can be used as an alternative method to define BIM Applications currently defined in Chapter 2 of the BIM Project Execution Planning Guide (BIM PxP Guide).

The original document can be downloaded for free: https: // www.bim.psu.edu / download / the_uses_of_ bim.pdf Editing THIS DOCUMENT: Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). "BIM Applications: Classification and Selection of BIM Applications". Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. http://bim.psu.edu. Copyright ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Alike 3.0 United States License. For a copy of this license, please visit http://creativecommons.org /licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/ or post a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA

BIM classification system and structure

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been defined as "the act of creating an electronic object building model for visualization, engineering analysis, conflict analysis, code criteria checking, cost engineering, as-built, budgeting, and many other purposes. ”4 To foster better communication in the industry it is important to define a consistent language to describe the targeted use of BIM equity instrument design. The use of BIM can be defined as "the method of applying building information. Modeling during the life cycle of an object to achieve one or more specific objectives. ”BIM applications can be classified primarily based on the purpose of implementing BIM over the lifetime of the facility. In addition to the purpose itself, several other characteristics can be correctly defined to identify and communicate the use of BIM. There may be these goals and characteristics (see Figure 1-1) defined at different levels depending on the level of specificity required for the different applications Uses Figure 1-1: BIM Application Components

BIM Usage Purpose communicates the primary purpose of implementing BIM Usage. Using BIM The goals shown in Figure 1-2 fall into five main categories: collect, generate, analyze, communicate, and realize. Of these basic categories, there are many subcategories that further define the purpose of BIM usage. Figure 1-2: Purpose of using BIM

The BIM Usage Characteristics allows the user to further define a BIM Application based on the common function and attributes of the project: object element, object phase, discipline and level of development. By determining these factors as shown in Table 1-1, a specific BIM use can then move to a specific approach. Table 1-1: BIM Application Characteristics

Characteristic Description Object Item The facility system where the BIM Use will be implemented. Facility Phase The point in the facility lifecycle where a BIM Application will be implemented. Discipline The page through which the use of BIM will be implemented. Development level The degree of detail to which the BIM Application will be implemented.

BIM goals and objects

The BIM Application Classification System categorizes BIM Applications primarily according to the purpose and purpose of the BIM Usage. The purpose of applying BIM is a specific goal to be achieved when using Building Information Modeling during the life of the object. The goals and objectives for implementing a BIM application, as shown in Table 2-1, are broken down into five main categories and 18 subcategories.

Table 2-1: BIM uses goals and objectives: BIM Application Purpose BIM Application Purpose Synonyms 01 Gather to collect or organize information about an object administer, collect, manage, acquire 01 Capture to represent or preserve the current state of the object and collect the elements of the object 02 Quantify, to express or measure the amount of an instrument element start quantitative 03 Monitor for collecting information about the performance of an object elements and systems observe, measure 04 Qualifications characterize or identify the status of the object elements track, trace, identify 02 Generate to create or create information about an object create, track, model01 Rewrite to determine the need and select specific object elements program, specify 02 Arrange determine the location and arrangement of the object elements configure, arrange, locate, place 03 Size to determine the size and scale of the object elements scale, engineer 03 Analyze the object elements to obtain l more understanding it, investigate, evaluate 01 Coordinate to ensure the performance and harmony of object relations elements detect, avoid 02 Predict the future performance of the object and object elements simulate, predict 03 Confirm to check or prove the accuracy of the object information, and it is logical and reasonable to check , confirm 04 Communicate to present the information about the object in a method where it can be shared or exchanged. Exchange 01 Visualize to create a realistic representation of the object or elements of the object review 02 Transform modify the information and translate to make it available to others Process Translate 03 Draw to symbolically represent the object and the object elements sketch, annotation, details 04 Document create a register of information about the object, including the information necessary to precisely define the elements of the object define, send, schedule, report. 05 Realize make or inspect a physical element with an object Information implement, execute, execute, 01 Produce to use the object information to produce production items in the plant 02 Assemble use the object information to collect separate elements of the object prefabricate 03 Control use the information on object to physically manipulate the operation actuators manipulate 04 regulate the use of object information to inform about the object operation direct element.

These goals are based on a comprehensive overview of the available resources. The goals were then grouped and the most comprehensive and appropriate goals selected. These terms were then approved through a detailed industry review process. Each goal is defined using the term goal, purpose, synonyms, and description (see Table 2-2). Table 2-2: BIM Usage Defining Attributes Attribute Description Semester Word or phrase used to describe an item or to express a concept Purpose Purpose, purpose or purpose of BIM implementation Use Description BIM Usage Account, including all relevant aspects, features and properties Synonyms Word or an expression that represents almost the same as the standardized BIM term of use. It may have had the same meaning, but has since been replaced.

COLLECT

Purpose: to collect or delete information about an object.

Synonyms: administration, collection, management and acquisition.

Description: BIM is often used to gather information about an object at various stages during its life cycle. Whether it is to count a certain quantity of an item or determine the current status of an item item in an object in order to properly manage that asset, using BIM can greatly assist in this effort. These sub-goals of BIM applications include: Qualification, Monitoring, Capture and Quantification. In this basic one, the author collects, collects and organizes information about the object in order to use BIM. This purpose of BIM applications does not define the meaning or inference about the meaning of the information collected, rather it focuses solely on the collection and organization of information. This is often the first step in a comprehensive series of BIM processes.

Get

Purpose: to represent or preserve the current state of an object and its elements.

Synonyms: to collect.

Description: BIM is often used to capture geometric data and attributes about an object. This can be done using a number of methods and at several points during the life of the facility: elements in place prior to the development of a new facility or the conditions of an existing facility prior to renovation. Data can be captured with a laser scanner or saved manually by entering model and serial numbers in a spreadsheet. A common factor in these purposes of BIM applications is that data is captured where no data previously existed. However, this is not newly generated information, but rather creating a record of existing object elements.

Quantify

Purpose: to express or measure the quantity of an instrument element.

Synonyms: start, count.

Description: For this purpose BIM applications BIM is used to count or collect a specific number of items in an object. This goal is often used as part of the cost estimation and forecasting process. During the design phase of an object, the quantities can be broadly defined, represented by the scope and subject to change. In the construction phase, the quantities become more certain and during the phase operation, the quantities of the elements can be easily calculated, say for example. For example, the area of a carpet to be replaced or a vacant space that is available and for rent, the exact area and dimensions should be known.

Monitor

Purpose: to observe the operation of the building's elements and systems.

Synonyms: watch, measure.

Description: BIM can be used to monitor real-time performance data of items and facilities. This target of BIM applications includes those domain applications in which BIM is implemented to understand the performance of individual elements or processes of an object. For example, during the operational phase of a facility, BIM can be used to monitor temperature in a space. There is a purpose for BIM Applications in which building automation data is integrated with BIM data. Or, in construction, BIM can be used to monitor the performance of the construction process. There is a purpose for this. BIM Uses real-time dynamic data collection to support decision making.

Qualify

Purpose: to characterize or identify the status of an object's elements.

Synonyms: trace, trace, identify.

Description: For this BIM use, the status of the object item is tracked. This includes information such as: Does this item exist in the object? How It Works This BIM Use Goal tracks the elements of an object over time. For example, in a project, what is the level of the development item? Has the element been made in construction? Is it installed? Is it damaged? During operation, this BIM application target can collect information about the warranty on the component and whether the component is nearing the end of its useful life.

GENERATE

Purpose: creating or writing information about an object.

Synonyms: creation, author, model.

Description: Almost any discipline that interacts with the object to generate information about the object will run over the life cycle of an object. This purpose of BIM applications includes those for which BIM is used to create or write information about an object. It includes rewriting, arranging and resizing items at different levels of development. In the design phase, the design team will be the main information generators, while in the construction phase, subcontractors will generate most of the information. Moreover, in an operation step, this information may be generated by the persons maintaining the device when they update or change the device. Every time new information is created, created, modeled or created.

Prescribe

Purpose: to identify the need and select specific elements of the facility.

Synonyms: program, specify, select.

Description: Rewriting BIM targets is used when the generator determines that there is a need for a specific object element. The developer or architect of the facility may recommend certain rooms or spaces in the facility to do so. While a mechanical engineer may recommend a need: a specific HVAC system. The contractor may determine the need for a temporary structural element such as a tower crane, and the facility operator may recommend a specific replacement part for the facility. The specific element depends on many factors such as phase, discipline and level of development.

Organize

Purpose: to determine the location and arrangement of the elements of an object.

Synonyms: set up, unfold, locate, place.

Description: The purpose of orchestrating BIM uses includes those applications where the location or configuration of an object element is determined. In the phase of planning the life of a facility, it may be the location or proximity of specific spaces in the proposed facility. In the design phase, this may be the general location of fire pipes. During the construction phase, it may include the placement of hangers that support this piping. This can also be used in the operational stage to locate furniture systems. Generally speaking, each time the geometric position of an element is specified, it is arranged.

Size

Purpose: to determine the size and scale of the elements of the object.

Synonyms: scale, engineer.

Description: The sizing target in BIM applications is used when the object element size is fixed. Some of these elements during design may include space dimensions, steel beam shape or duct sizes. During construction, it may include the size of the crane or the thickness of the channel insulation. In addition, facility managers record the size of spare parts or facility modifications during the operation.

ANALYZE

Objective: To study the elements of an object to better understand them.

Synonyms: examine, evaluate.

Description: Plant components often require further analysis to determine their viability for the facility. The purpose of BIM application analysis covers those applications where a methodical study of the object elements is needed. Applications for this goal include coordination, forecasting, and validation. It is in these BIM applications that data is often taken from what has been collected, generated and entered in a format in which it can be used for decision making.

Coordinate

Purpose: to ensure the efficiency and harmony of the relationship of the elements of the object

Synonyms: Detect, Avoid.

Description: The co-ordinating goal of BIM Applications includes those applications where the elements of the object being analyzed are located to ensure that their relationship to other elements is effective and harmonious. This goal of BIM Applications are often called collision detection, collision avoidance, design coordination, and interference management, among others. Ultimately, all elements of an object should work in conjunction with one other. This may include coordinating the design intent of different systems during design, coordinating fabrication and assembly during construction, or coordinating existing operations during renovations. Overall, this BIM application target ensures that the facility fits together as planned and that all the different systems have been considered.

Forecast

Purpose: to predict the future performance of the facility and its components.

Synonyms: to simulate, to predict.

Description: This BIM application target is one of the largest and has the greatest variance in component to component application. This BIM goal uses detailed analysis to predict the future performance of a facility and its components. Some of the major performance factors to consider are financial, energy, flow, scenario and time considerations. Financial forecasting includes estimating the cost of the first construction cost as well as the facility's lifecycle cost. Energy forecasting forecasts how future energy consumption and flow forecasting forecast performance, e.g. airflow or circulation of people / crowd. Scenario forecasting predicts facility performance during emergencies such as fire, flood, evacuation, and more. Time forecasts predict facility performance over time to account for building degradation and time for replacement. Together, this BIM target uses, analyzes multiple object variables, predicts performance tool.

Implement

Purpose: To check or prove the accuracy of the information about the object, which is logical and reasonable.

Synonyms: check, confirm.

Description: This BIM use target has been implemented to validate information about an object. This includes checking the accuracy of the object information to ensure that it is logical and valid. BIM validation can be broken down into three main areas: prescription, functionality and compliance checking. Prescription validation ensures that the facility has features that have been identified and programmed within the facility, including the core feature of the facility's premises or rooms. The purpose of validating functionality is to ensure that the facility is buildable, maintainable and usable. Will the facility fulfill the purpose for which it was designed? Conformity validation certifies a plant's compliance with codes and standards, including building codes, ADA standards, sustainability standards, and more. Whenever information about an object developed in a different process is checked for accuracy, it falls under the validation category.

The message

Purpose: To present information about an object in a method where it can be shared or replaced.

Synonyms: replacement.

Description: One of the primary uses of BIM is to convey information about an object. The communication goal of BIM is to present information about an object in a way that can be shared or exchanged. It is often the last step of many other processes during visualization, a transformation, drawing or document has been developed to pass information from that process to the next user of that information. It is one of the most valuable applications of BIM. It promotes and improves communication and often shortens communication time. Additionally, data communication is often a byproduct of processes used in other BIM applications.

Imagine

Purpose: to create a realistic representation of an object or object elements

Synonyms: review.

Description: As part of the communication goal, BIM uses BIM to better visualize a very powerful object. This is especially powerful for those who have not been trained in the design and construction industries, but are key stakeholders and decision makers. Purpose of visualization BIM applications include those BIM applications that are implemented to represent an object or the elements of an object. Often this visualization can be very realistic and detailed. Visualization is often used to support the decision-making process regarding the design or construction of a facility, as well as to support marketing efforts. May contain instructions, renderings, and schedule visualizations. The fact that Visualization is a byproduct of other BIM processes improves people's ability to share an information object more efficiently with much more effort.

Transform

Goal: modify the information and translate it into another process.

Synonyms: translator.

Description: Often, as part of a BIM process, object information needs to be transferred from one form to another in order for it to be picked up and used by another process. It is the translation or transformation of data that allows for interoperability between different systems. It also allows the use of older data from the current infrastructure. Some examples include developing caching information, developing layout data, and developing industry standard formats. Often this translated data is in a way that is not human interoperable but machine readable.

Draw

Purpose: symbolic representation of the object and the elements of the object.

Synonyms: sketch, annotation, detail.

Description: While one day you might get rid of the drawing and paper industry, that's not true today. That said, BIM improves drawing capability, including detail and annotation. They are developed with a rather static parametric method. For example, when the BIM model is updated, the corresponding drawings and sheets are also updated. At any point in time, the symbolic representation has been developed on the basis of an intelligent model, it is considered a drawing. It includes isometric, single-line diagrams, numbers, and all other symbolic representations

Document

Purpose: to create a register of information about the facility, including information necessary to be precise

specify the elements of the object

Synonyms: specify, submit, schedule, report.

Description: It is often necessary to record the data of an object in the form of a written narrative or table. The purpose of a BIM Uses document covers applications where an object data record is created. This includes those applications necessary to precisely define the elements of an object. The output of this BIM Use often includes specifications, documents, project schedules, and other facility data reports

Implementation

Purpose: To execute or control a physical item using information about the object

Synonyms: implement, do, do,

Description: BIM is beginning to allow industry to remove the direct input of human interaction to develop specific elements of an object. The goal of BIM applications achieved includes those where object data (BIM data) is used to create or control a physical element of the object. This use of BIM gives the industry the ability to manufacture, assemble, inspect, and adjust the components of an object. This ability can ultimately lead to performance improvements in both structure and facility operations.

Produce

Purpose: to use information about an object to produce the elements of an object.

Synonyms: production.

Description: BIM enables the industry to develop object features that were previously not possible with detailed product modeling. The crafted purpose of BIM applications includes those applications where the facilities of the information are directly used to produce plant components. For example, the facility information can be used to directly manufacture structural steel sections from a CNC machine or directly to manufacture tubing or cut pipes. In the design phase, BIM can be used to quickly generate prototypes of future facility components, and during operation, it can be used to rapidly produce spare parts.

Install

Purpose: to use information about an object to link individual elements of an object.

Synonyms: prefabricated.

Description: The purpose of assembling a BIM application includes those applications where object information is made available to connect separate elements of an object. While still a manual process, the precision that BIM allows ensures that various systems are prefabricated. It even gives you the ability to connect systems that have traditionally been very separate. Some common examples are curtain wall systems, energy / MEP cores, and toilets.

Control

Purpose: To use object information to physically manipulate the operation of actuator equipment.

Synonyms: to manipulate.

Description: BIM enables the use of information about an object to control the operation of devices. The controlling purpose of BIM applications includes those applications where object information is used to physically manipulate the operation of actuator equipment. Some common examples include the use of facility information to design future work on the facility, such as wall location or future location of dumps in composite decks. Another example is the use of object information to control equipment execution: determining the stakeout area using GPS systems associated with the excavation equipment. It is the ability to control the equipment in progress that could one day lead to an automated construction site.

Adjust

Purpose: To use information about an object to communicate the operation of an object element.

Synonyms: direct.

Description: The use of BIM to adjust the elements of an object potentially allows facility operators to optimize their operations. The regulatory purpose of BIM applications includes those in which object information is used to communicate the operation of an object element. A typical example of this is collecting information from a temperature monitor (or thermostat) to change the output power of an HVAC system. A critical component of this process is that the data is linked to intelligent monitoring systems and the building information model. This enables systems to make informed decisions based on the entire system. It is this goal that BIM uses, which could ultimately lead to a fully automated facility operation.

Development of BIM characteristics

The BIM Usage Characteristics is used to further define the BIM application beyond the purpose and purpose itself. The features to be defined as shown in Table 3-1 include the facility element (s), infrastructure phase (s), discipline (s), and level of development. Table 3-1: BIM Application Characteristics

Characteristic

Description Object Item The facility system where the BIM Use will be deployed. Facility Phase The point in the facility lifecycle where a BIM Application will be implemented. Discipline The page through which the use of BIM will be implemented. Level of Development The degree of detail to which the BIM Use will be implemented. By adding these features, the use of BIM goes beyond answering "why" to a more detailed description that could be used in procurement activities. Additionally, during BIM planning, the team can communicate with all interested parties who will implement what, when and to what extent. Depending on the use of BIM in the facility, it is possible to implement multiple disciplines. BIM Use goals at multiple stages at multiple elements of the facility at multiple levels of development. For example, Coordination Analysis can be implemented during design and construction by the designer and contractor up to development level 300 and 400. Therefore, creating two separate instances and a BIM Application.

OBJECT ELEMENT

You need to determine on which parts of the object the BIM uses will be applied. Based on the OmniClass Team Table 21: Elements 5 or other suitable element breakdown structures, the team can identify which elements of the object are part of the BIM application. For example, the team may determine this is only necessary to schedule the visualization of the substructure and superstructure, not the facility systems. The top level of this table is: 01) Substructure, 02) Skorupa, 03) Interiors, 04) Services, 05) Equipment and fittings, 06) Special construction and demolition work, and 07) Housework.

AVAILABILITY SOLUTION

Once discipline is established, the planning team should determine at which stage of the facility they will implement BIM use. Object phase marking often results in multiple BIM applications and multiple disciplines. For example, the design team may be responsible for the coordination analysis during the design phase, and the structural team may be responsible for the coordination analysis during the construction phase. If the project team does not have a predefined phase, the OmniClass team is suggested to use Table 31: Phases 6 to denote phases: These current phases in this table include: Initial phase, 20) Conceptualization phase, 30) Criteria definition phase, 40) Design Phase, 50) Coordination Phase, 60) Implementation Phase, 70) Handover Phase, 80) Operation Phase, 90) Closure Phase.

DISCIPLINE

Discipline is also synonymous with the party responsible for using BIM. The OmniClass: Disciplines table lists the standard disciplines. These disciplines can also correspond to different roles in the project. The top-level disciplines currently in this table include planning, design, study, project management, construction, facility operation, and support. While the primary discipline can be identified, this does not exclude the responsibility of other disciplines for some of the BIM usage. Additionally, it is possible to have multiple disciplines responsible for using BIM. That would then make for separate BIM applications.

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

For each BIM application, a development level must be determined to maximize the benefits of using BIM. Development level describes the level of detail to which the Model Element is developed. AIA / BIMForum has recently released a major revision of the level of specification development. This hotfix additionally determines the level of development for individual items of the facility. Table 3- 2 describes the definition of the level of development.

Table 3-2: Basic definitions of LOD 8: Level Development Description

LOD 100: The model element can be represented graphically in the model by a symbol or some other kind of generic representation, but does not meet the requirements for LOD 200. Related information Model element (ie Cost per square foot, HVAC tonnage, etc.) Can be inferred from other Model elements.

LOD 200: A model item is graphically represented in the model as an overall system, object, or assembly with approximate amounts, size, shape, position, and orientation. Without graphics, information can also be attached to a model element.

LOD 300: A model item is graphically represented in the model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, position and orientation. Non-graphical information may also be attached to a model item.

LOD 350: The model element is graphically represented in the model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, orientation and interfaces with other building systems. Non-graphical information can also be attached to a model element.

LOD 400: The model element is graphically represented in the model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of size, shape, position, quantity and orientation with details, fabrication, assembly and installation information. Non-graphical information may also be attached to a Model Item.

LOD 500: A model item is a field verified for size, shape, position, quantity, and orientation. Non-graphical information may also be attached to model elements

BIM application selection

Based on the overall BIM strategy, including the mission, vision, goals and objectives of the project or organization, the planning team should identify appropriate BIM applications. BEHIND the challenges and opportunities faced by early design, the planning team determines the most appropriate BIM applications per project due to the characteristics of the project. There are many different traditional tasks that can benefit from being replaced by a BIM implementation. The purpose of this section is to provide you with an appropriate method of identifying the BIM Uses for your project. These steps, as shown in Figure 4-1, need to define the purpose and additional characteristics of each BIM application

BIM STRATEGY:

Mission: defines the purpose of the project.

Vision: Project photo after BIM integration.

Objectives: the specific goals of the project want to achieve.

Goals: specific results that when achieved move goals

Primary goal: • Secondary goal • Third goal

Object Element: • Object Phase • Discipline • Level of Development

DEFINE THE PURPOSE OF BIM PERFORMANCE

Based on the overall strategy, the planning team should begin to determine how the BIM will be implemented in the project. The planning team should consider how they will use the information throughout the project, including: • Gathering • Generating • Analyzing • Communicating and • Delivering

BEGINNING END IN MIND

When planning a BIM implementation, it is extremely important to consider the entire life of the facility. The planning team should strive to understand what all stakeholders in the facility will be implementing BIM. The planning team should think about how the facility owners will be using BIM first, then going back through construction, through design, and into planning. Often these tasks or goals were achieved using "traditional" processes. It is up to the project team to determine if they will implement it using BIM. (More detailed descriptions can be found in the next section of this guide.) It is important that the team considers each application potential (as shown in Table 4-1 and consider how they relate to the project objectives.

Table 4-1: Goals and Objectives of a BIM Application: BIM Application Purpose BIM Application Purpose Synonyms

01 Collect to collect or organize information about an object administer, collect, manage, acquire 01 Capture to represent or preserve the current state of an object and collect object elements 02 Quantify to express or measure the amount of an instrument element quantitative start 03 Monitor to collect information on object performance elements and systems observe, measure 04 Qualifications characterize or identify the status of an object's elements track, track, identify

02 Generate to create or create information about the object create, author, model 01 Rewrite to define the need and select specific elements of the object program, define 02 Arrange define the location and arrangement of the object elements configure, arrange, locate, place 03 Size to define the size and scale of object elements scale, engineer

03 Analyze examine object elements to gain a better understanding of it investigate, evaluate 01 Coordinate to ensure the performance and harmony of object relationship elements detect, avoid 02 Predict the object's future performance and object elements simulate, predict 03 Confirm to check or prove the accuracy of the object information and it is logical and prudent to check and confirm

04 Communicate to present the information about the object in a method where it can be shared or exchanged 01 Visualize to create a realistic representation of the object or elements of the object review 02 Transform modify the information and translate so that other people receive the process Translate 03 Draw to symbolically present the object and the object elements sketch, annotation, details 04 Document create a register of information about the object, including the information necessary to precisely define the elements of the object, define, send, schedule, report.

05 Realize perform or control a physical element using an object Information implement, execute, execute, 01 Produce to use the object information to produce production items in the plant 02 Assemble use the object information to collect separate elements of the object prefabricate 03 Control use the information on object to physically manipulate the operation actuators manipulate 04 regulate the use of object information to inform about the object's operation direct element

When determining whether they will implement BIM for these BIM use purposes, the project team must consider the BIM resources, competencies, and experience of the team. Resources include software, hardware, and IT support. When determining competencies and experience, the planning team should consider previous performance and overall ability. It is important to understand that if your team does not have the necessary skills to implement BIM successfully, it can make BIM adoption difficult. At the end of this effort, the team should be able to make a "go / not go" decision on each BIM use before further developing each BIM use.

Elaborat on who, what, when and to what level

After planning teams determine what the project will implement BIM for, they should be defined, as shown in Table 4-2, which discipline, which phase, which elements of the facility, and up to what level of development will meet these BIM usage goals.

Object element: The object system on which BIM will be used is implemented.

Object Phase: The point in the life of the facility at which the use of BIM will become final.

Discipline: The site through which the use of BIM will be implemented.

Development level The degree of detail to which the element of the model is developed.

By adding this detail, it discusses BIM Applications above just the purpose. It is possible to have multiples of each feature for each BIM application purpose. For example, multiple disciplines may implement multiple BIM Use targets during multiple phases on multiple elements of an object. Therefore, it is possible in conclusion that the project team may have as few as five BIM applications developed or as many as 50 or more developed BIM applications depending on the level of project implementation. At the end of the effort, the team will be able to describe all the applications in terms of discipline, phases, elements, level of development and purpose. Often, after developing the BIM features you use, the planning team often determines that they have more BIM uses.

A Appendix

CITATIONS

BIMForum. "Development Level Specification 2013". AIA / AGC, August 22, 2013 http://bimforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2013-LOD-Specification.pdf. buildingSMART alliance. National Building Information Modeling Standard Version 1 - Part 1: Overview, Principles and Methodologies. National Institute of Building Sciences, 2007. ———. "Tetralogy with BIM." National BIM Standard - United States, 2013. http://www.nationalbimstandard.org/project_structure.php. Integrated computer structure testing program. BIM project planning guide - version 2.1. University Park, Pennsylvania, USA : The Pennsylvania State University, 2011. http://bim.psu.edu Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Restoring Character Ethics Ed Ed New York: Free Press, 2004. OCCS Development Committee Secretariat. "OmniClass Table 21 - Elements", May 16, 2012 http://www.omniclass.org/. ———. "OmniClass Table 31 - Phases", October 31, 2012 Http://www.omniclass.org /. ———. "OmniClass: Table 33 - Disciplines." OmniClass Secretariat, October 30, 2012 http://www.omniclass.org/pdf.asp?id=11&table=Table%2033

GLOSSARY

Building Information Modeling (BIM) (CIC research program): a process focused on the development, use and transfer of a digital information model of a construction project to improve design, construction and operations related to a project or a portfolio of facilities. Building Information Modeling (BIM) (NBIMS): “The act of creating an electronic object model for the purpose of visualization, engineering analysis, conflict analysis, code criteria checking, engineering cost, as-built, budgeting and many other purposes. Building Information Model (BIM) (NBIMS): Digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of an object. BIM is a shared resource of knowledge for object information provides a reliable basis for decision making throughout its life cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition. The core premise of BIM is that different stakeholders work together at different stages in the facility lifecycle to insert, extract, update, or modify information in BIM to support and reflect that stakeholder role. BIM Project Implementation Plan (BIM PxP or BIM Plan): Planning the BIM Project Outcomes The execution planning process. This document sets out how BIM will be implemented in a project as a result of group decisions. BIM Project Execution Planning Procedure: The BIM execution planning process for a project. It consists of four basic steps: identifying BIM goals and BIM applications, 2) designing the BIM project implementation, 3) developing the information exchange, 4) defining the supporting infrastructure for BIM implementation.

Sources:

The original document can be downloaded for free: https://www.bim.psu.edu/download/the_uses_of_bim.pdfEditing THIS DOCUMENT: Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). "BIM Applications: Classification and Selection of BIM Applications". Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. http://bim.psu.edu.Copyright ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Alike 3.0 United States License. For a copy of this license, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/ or post a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA

Seriws plBIM has made, partially automated, citation of this document from the original English version into Polish by members of BIM4WORLD Group and BIM4POLAND Group. The link to the original can be found at the bottom of the document in the sources.

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