BIM roadmap in public procurement

2.1 United Kingdom

The process of digitization of construction in Great Britain is characterized primarily by credibility related to the financing of implementation activities from public sources, and thus their maturity (activities in the "Pull" category - their counterpart is the self-organization of the construction market, called "Push"). THIS APPLIES TO BOTH DIRECT ACTIONS BY THE UK GOVERNMENT AND BY GOVERNMENT IGRANTS FOR PREPARATORY NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. The result of such action is a precise, multi-layered and multi-faceted, complete strategy that has been written for many decades. Even when the implementation of certain points of the strategy goes beyond the assumed timeframe, it does not violate the chosen direction. An additional strength of the British approach is a solid legal and normative basis for all aspects, whether it is a roadmap in the form of the so-called Wedge (wedge) of BewiRichards, or the columns of the temple of Eynon8 for the implementation part of the adopted direction in Great Britain. Where there was no such foundation, it was created in the process of developing the entire strategy. It should be noted that the strategy for BIM is part of the general strategy adopted for the modernization of the entire UK economy, such as Digital Built Britain [2], and so it is not an individual evolution but a complex process. Such an approach is also important when creating this BIM Road Map for the Polish market, therefore it is reflected in the further part of the document. The comprehensive approach is perceived by other countries around the world as a good model used by them both in theoretical and practical preparation of their own BIM implementation strategies. Not all solutions used in Great Britain correspond to the specificity of local economies and legislative systems, but nevertheless they constitute the most complete and consistent direction of BIM evolution of all those operating in the world. In addition, the British approach is constantly enriched with other aspects, such as Lean for Construction9, which means that other countries closely observe the development of BIM in the UK. THEREFORE system evolves IOBOWIĄZUJĄCYWWIELKIEJ BRYTANIIBĘDZIE PODSTAWĄDLAZAPROPONOWANEGO APPROACH TO PRZYGOTOWANIAIROZWOJU BIMW POLSCE.WNINIEJSZEJ ROAD MAP SOLUTIONS COMPATIBLE been adopted, Adla incompatible ASPECTS OF POLISH MARKET SPECIFICS been suggested, ADEQUATE ROZWIĄZANIA.Takie same approach involves the use of experience with the implementation of BIM in all other analyzed countries Regardless of this, the proposed extension of the strategy with new aspects resulted from the progress of BIM in the world, Polish specificity and the evolution of the technology itself, i.e. the factor with the most dynamic growth rate.

2.2 Spain

In response to the EU Directive 2014/24 / EU10, the Spanish Ministry of Infrastructure established in July 2015 a commission to implement the BIM methodology in Spain called esBIM11, chaired by the Minister of Infrastructure. The date for the implementation of BIM in public investments has been set for March 2018, as well as for its mandatory use in public tenders for cubature facilities - December 2018 and infrastructure facilities for July 2019.In order to support implementation processes in Spain, the first two parts of the BIM ISO standards were published in July 2019 19650. Standards became an ISO standard at the end of 2018, and began to be published in Europe from January 2019. These standards are based on the experience of British documents based on the principle that information is structured first, then standard setting after checking its usefulness in practice, always after a certain period of time, the Spanish so-called chapter (or branch) of the international organization buildingSMART International (bSI) 12, established in 2012. Jeszczew 2014, the Spanish chapter published the standards for BIM in Spanish under the name UBIM13, which were adapted from the Finnish coBIM (Common BIM Requirements) 14, consisting of the series 13 documents for various scopes of the BIM methodology. In November 2019, the secretary of the Spanish chapter BSI Sergio Muñoz Gómez, who is also the president of the Spanish BIM standardization committee - UNE CT41 / SC13, published an article15 [3] on the dbeinstitute.org portal, summarizing the standardization for BIM in Spain, concluding that that only the ISO standard for the IFC format (ISO 16739) has practical significance in public investment, being its required condition. Observers of public tenders for ESBIM state in their cyclical reports16 that the application of the integrated methodology in the first three years from the commission's findings is not yet satisfactory (the graphic from the above-mentioned article entitled "Standards Requirements in Public Tenders in Spain ”below). However, Muñoz expressed in the same article the hope that Spanish construction companies will quickly adopt the published ISO standards for the BIM 19650 series.

Figure 2: Standard requirements in public investment in Spain (after BIM 17

Spain is also developing parallel development strategies for other sectors of the economy. One example is the 2019 strategic document of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities called "Spanish RDI Strategy in Artificial Intelligence" [4]. This study deals with o Smart Cities, economy, industry 4.0, environmental impact, education and health aspects, and thus analyzes technological development for the whole society. Another strategic document is the study of the Ministry of Development "Innovation Plan for Transport and Infrastructures 2018-2020" [5] of February 2018. The general Spanish strategic document for development is the study "Spanish Science and Technology and Innovation Strategy 2013-2020" [6] of the Ministry of Economy and Competition. as of 2012. HOW TO SEE, THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN ALL THE RESEARCH COUNTRIES APPLY TO THE ENTIRE ECONOMIES, NOT ONLY THEIR SELECTED ASPECTS, but in the case of Spain, the strategy for the BIM methodology itself is not clearly articulated and mainly composed in media articles.

2.3 Czech Republic

Czech government agencies have already made an attempt to develop comprehensive directions for the development of the Czech Republic a few years ago. The main strategic document is a study called "Strategic Framework Czech Republic 2030" [7], developed in 2017 by the Government Office of the Czech Republic, the Government Council for Sustainable Development (a permanent advisory body initiating and coordinating the government in the field of sustainable development, strategic management and long-term state priorities) with the support of Union. This document describes the required strategic actions in 6 main areas: • People and society; • Economy; • Resilient ecosystems; • Regions and municipalities; • Global development; • Good governance; Moreover, apart from the general strategy, several individual strategic documents have also been developed, including: • Development strategy system transport - Action Plan for the Deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in the Czech Republic until 2020 (with the Prospect of 2050) - Ministry of Transport 2015 [8]; • Geoinformation unification strategy, called GeoInfoStrategy - The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic - Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia 2016 [9]; • BIM Strategy - BIM Implementation Strategy in the Czech Republic - Ministry of Industry and Trade 2017 [10]; While the first two strategies above are documents supported by relevant standards, templates for procedures and practical tips , the study in the field of BIM does not yet contain a specific direction of development of BIM implementation in the Czech Republic, but only a list of references to British documents and recommendations for the Czech market. There are no Lean elements in the development for the management of design and construction processes, which are already part of Lean Construction in the world. In addition, a contractual obligation to develop a BIM Performance Plan (BEP) has been imposed, for Poland there are already better solutions, e.g. the division of the Plan into two parts (general - pre-contractual and contractual). The other two requirements, enabling the ordering party in the Czech Republic to obtain full and transparent control over the process, concern the delivery of models in the IFC18 open format and the use of the CDE19 digital environment. The BIM strategy in the Czech Republic introduces a wide range of integrated methodologies, such as facility management or the aforementioned Geoinformation (GIS). This document properly recognizes all (except Lean) fields of action necessary for the implementation of BIM. A further important point is a clear definition of intellectual property in terms of personal and operational rights. In the Polish Act on copyright and dependent rights20, there is also such a definition, but it is nevertheless not always respected when implementing construction investments in Poland. In fact, the need to implement pilot projects (which, for example, in Germany are the basis of the BIM strategy) was also recognized, recommending pilot projects from the first stages of BIM implementation, in accordance with the presented strategy. ANOTHER ADVANTAGE STRATEGY OF THE CZECH BIMJEST MANDATORY PUBLIC USE BIMWINWESTYCJACH above a specified threshold of cost INWESTYCJI.USTALONY TERMINDLA BIMW OBLIGATION TO CZECH REPUBLIC YEAR 2022 Spark 5lat FROM THE DATE OF DOCUMENT STRATEGICZNEGOW 2017.Wizualny record recommendation for the Czech strategiipochodzący of the document in question przedstawiaponiższa graphics.

Figure 3: Timeline of Czech BIM implementation strategy. [11]

2.4 Other European Countries

2.4.1 Estonia

One of the most technologically advanced countries in Europe, Estonia, is a good example of how social dynamics can evolve when there is civil consensus. Estonian representatives, together with representatives of the Czech Republic and Denmark, are currently cooperating on the implementation of one of the most advanced in terms of adaptation of the methodology of the integrated classification systems. Estonia has also introduced a distributed processing technology for many types of public services (see section 5.6.2.3). Hence, there is also a need to take into account the analysis of patterns from abroad as well as social conditions. NOT TO MAKE THESE COUNTRIES ACHIEVED ON THE POLISH MARKET THE PERFORMANCE OF THESE COUNTRIES.

2.4.2 Finland

Finland has extensive experience in using BIMo software development for creating, analyzing and managing BIM processes. He is also one of the pioneers of introducing Lean procedures to the construction industry with an emphasis on visual process management, reduction of process losses and automation. BIM implementation in Finland involves all entities, from government agencies, through municipalities to academia and business. The market receives additional support from the organization Lean Construction Institute Finland in the form of active promotional activities and publications, such as periodic reports. Particular attention is paid to the smooth transition from design to fabrication. Robotics automation in the Finnish construction sector translates into prefabrication, which reaches the value of 75% for residential investments (data from 2010 [11]). This is due to the fact that Finland started the process of implementing BIM already in the early 2000s, and practically introduced the integrated methodology in the first decade of the 21st century. a set of BIM requirements was developed called coBIM (Common BIM Requirements), which is a series of 13 standard systems, adapted by some countries, e.g. Spain, for their own implementation needs. This does not mean, however, that there are no Finnish strategic documents. One example is the 2019 strategy for the transport sector of the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency (FTIA) called “Digitalization and BIM at Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency” [12]. This document contains many directions, such as the recommendation for Open BIM

Figure 4: The goal of the Finnish infra strategy: Big Open BIM. [13]

Another strong integrated system in Finland is geospatial. In 2019, the Geoportti.fi portal was launched, containing SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) geoinformation resources for GIS metadata data. Works on the portal were initiated by a project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, which led to a report on spatial information policy 21.

2.4.3 Germany

In Germany, there is a set of strategies for various sectors of the economy, e.g. "Implementierung von Building Information Modeling (BIM) im Vorstandsressort Infrastruktur der Deutschen Bahn AG" [13] for the railway infrastructure, developed by the management of the German school i. It is a coherent document, also provided with a timeline for the described activities. The German BIM strategy for rail infrastructure is well developed, although it lacks many components that ensure the full implementation of the integrated methodology. BIM standardization in Germany consists mainly in recording the functioning formats, preferably in ISO documents, or at least in a defined form. The way forward to the standard is the standardized steps to become a national DIN standard. The graphic below from the 2017 implementation report illustrates such a process of standardization of the 5th version of the IFC format, which already contains structural units (so-called IFC entities) for use in infrastructure projects. The Germans have started a project under buildingSMART to translate the so far written only in English22 IFC unit names into German to better serve the local market The German BIM implementation strategy is based on three phases, the so-called Stufenplan (step-by-step plan), developed by the Ministry of Transport for Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) in 2015 [15].

Figure 6: German BIM implementation strategy milestone [16]

The above graphic presents all phases of Stufenplan: • the first phase is active preparation including pilot projects, standardization, education and further learning, development of BIM direction, clarification of legal issues (2015-2017); • the second phase is a practical application for pilot projects - it involves extending existing practices, projects, collecting and evaluating BIM experiences (2017-2020) • the third is establishing BIM Level 1 as a standard for all subsequent projects. BIM Level 1 does not refer to the UK wedge standard developed by BewiRichards, but is a proprietary German study, the specification of which is included in chapter 4 of the Stufenplan strategy document. BIM Level 1 in the Stage Plan for Germany includes the following elements: • Data (EIR - customer requirements; industry models in 3D format and possible 2D models derived from models, ensuring compatibility of models with EIR; possibility of requiring open formats by the customer; ensuring availability of both the necessary hardware and software; entering BIM into contract documents); • Processes (obligation for the contracting authority or its representative to create a BIM Implementation Plan - BEP; obligation to establish a digital environment for the investment process - CDE; recommendation to avoid overproduction of project data due to the future need to administer it in the operation processes of facilities; establishing the principles of cooperation and partnership in the investment process; establishing by the contracting authority the rules for making decisions in the way of discussion); • Skills (ensuring by all participants of the process the cooperation skills and other features related to the BIM methodology; ami BIM both on the part of the contractor and the ordering party); The report [14] on the BIM implementation status published in 2017 by BMVI already contains a summary of previous experiences from pilot projects in the field of infrastructure with an analysis of the goals and methods of using BIM in the implementation of these projects for each of these endeavors. The graphic below from the abovementioned report shows the implementation schedule of the phasing plan for new pilot projects, mainly in infrastructure, from all over Germany.

Figure 7: Implementation schedule for the independent report commissioned by BMVI (2017). [14]

As can be seen from the examples of the above-mentioned studies, the German approach to BIM implementation is consistent, stable and based on solid normative foundations. In addition, it is regularly monitored by independent reports, such as the external expert commissioned by BMVI and published in April 2018, the document "Wissenschaftliche Begleitung der BMVI Pilotprojekte zur Anwendung von BIM im Infrastrukturbau" (Scientific support of BMVI pilot projects for the use of BIM in infrastructure construction) [16]. Recommendations for each of the participants of these projects have the format: "data - processes - technology - qualifications", and the general recommendation for further strategies lists the scope of research and development and standardization standardization. Standards from the ISO 19650 series are already a standard for future projects, and the effects of implementation are checked on ongoing investments as part of detailed analyzes. Such a structured and consistent approach, although not the fastest, limits the possibility of making mistakes. The main direction is: CONVERGENCE (2020) DIGITAL COMPETENCE (2025) DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION And although the record of this evolution does not come from the development of the German BIM strategy, but from the BIM implementation document for Deutsche Bahn [13] mentioned in the introduction, these are the right steps for each type of development technological.

2.5 Other Non-European Countries

2.5.1 Singapore

Singapore is one of the most advanced Asian countries in terms of BIM adaptation. The BIM Steering Committee 23, established by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) 24 to develop the instructions, started operating in 2011, and a strategic document called the "Singapore BIM Guide" was developed by BSC 2012) [17 ]. This document divides the BIM implementation into three scopes: • Results, i.e. "CO" - what is to be produced: elements, model attributes, representations of geometric and non-geometric properties, additional requirements for information from models - BIM added value, such as environmental simulations, lighting, sunlight and shading, schedules from models and cost calculations based on take-offs from models. Other elements are the definition of the design phases and their content, as well as the authors and users of the models; • Processes, i.e. "HOW" - procedures for modeling and cooperation: process steps, modeling instructions and generating information for individual industries, including a reference to templates for electronic delivery of work results prepared by the Steering Committee, description of model coordination procedures multi-branch, establishing their common geometric origin and geographical orientation, structural division with management of successive changes. This scope also includes a matrix of cooperation between participants in subsequent phases of the project, as well as a description of the publication requirements for various types of documents with a list of the required formats, taking into account their suitability in the operational phase and ensuring quality. An additional value of this strategy for the trial phase is the description of the procedural steps for the "build" and "design and build" contracts, unfortunately without taking into account IPD25 contracts; • Personnel / professionals, i.e. "WHO" - process participants: their role in the BIM processes and related responsibilities (although the are onlyroles of BIM manager and coordinators on the part of the general contractor consultant). In addition, the Singapore document describes the features of the BIM Execution Plan (BEP) as a mandatory element of the processes, and also defines a document regulating the results of project activities called "BIM Objective and Responsibility Matrix". The strategy includes several important elements, such as elaboration templates and the definition of a different distribution of financial compensation compared to non-BIM processes, which is consistent with the increased workload in the first phases of investment processes in the BIM methodology.

Figure 8: Changes to the Integrated Team's fee distribution system. [17]

Additionally, the strategic document includes appendices that define templates, standards, mainly for use in specific projects, but also general recommendations and practical guidelines. The document itself is a guideline for BIMand requires further clarification documents. Singapore's strategy was also identified in the 2013 Building and Construction Authority (Cheng Tai Fatt) presentation entitled "Singapore BIM Roadmap" [18]. This document details 5 strategic steps for BIM: Leading role of the public sector • Formal approval, promotion of successful investments in the BIM methodology • Removal of obstacles • Build BIM skills and scope • Motivate pioneers to implement BIM. The presentation also suggests that BIM is mandatory for the architecture of new cubature investments above 20'000 m2 (from July 2013), industry studies for new cubature investments from 20'000 m2 (from July 2014) and for total industries for new cubature investments with an area greater than 5 '000 m2 - the goal is to achieve 80% of BIM use on these investments (from July 2015).

Summarizing the analysis of the BIM implementation strategy in various countries around the world, it should be emphasized that, with the exception of Great Britain, partly Germany and Singapore (however, many elements are missing here), none of the analyzed countries has presented a substantially coherent, complete and visually clear direction for the integrated methodology for their market. Against this background, all national strategies for e.g. transport systems or geospatial information are much better.

Table 1. Elements from other countries for the Polish Road Map

1 United Kingdom Push-pull strategy, high and understandable degree of graphic representation of the Roadmap, initiative to build a digital country model based on related digital twins, focus on open formats in further stages of BIM implementation, public financing of implementation works (government grants), initiation of BIM standardization for ISO standards in PAS and BS standards, basing the Polish road to BIM at the British Level 2 level, enriched with the use of digital twins, distributed technologies, Lean methodology and the ecological aspect.

2 Spain Different dates for introducing the BIM obligation depending on the type of investment

3 Czech Republic An approach based on the practical use of BIM in pilots from the beginning of the implementation process. Establishing a Steering Committee - a body that brings together top-down decision-making on BIM in Poland, with the minister for development as a leader and selected advisors, as indicated by Czech experts (based on their experience)

4 Estonia Comprehensive digitization of public services, use of distributed processing technology for data security

5 Finland Comprehensive digitization of construction, use of open formats in data exchange, high degree of prefabrication in construction

6 Germany Closely written BIM implementation strategy based on several stages and early pilot projects, introducing the concept of convergence to unify the goals of participants in construction processes

7 Singapore Public leadership for the BIM implementation process, high degree of design for large-scale fabrication and prefabrication, BIM obligation for industries and types of investment, recommendation of regrouping design costs into early stages of investment, motivation of BIM pioneers

3.1 Analysis of existing relevant documents and strategic initiatives

In recent years, several surveys were carried out in Poland, mainly by software producers, aimed at determining the level of preparation for BIM among their target groups. In addition, several documents have been published to standardize the process of introducing BIM to the Polish market. The questionnaire, which is part of this project, indicated in point 4, it also serves research purposes to create strategic directions for BIM implementation.

3.1.1 General assumptions of the BIM implementation process in the implementation of public contracts for construction works in Poland (SARP / PZITB / GUNB) (2015)

The document prepared by the Association of Polish Architects (SARP), the Polish Association of Construction Engineers and Technicians (PZITB) and the Central Office of Building Control (GUNB) [19] of March 2015 contains, apart from general recommendations, also a number of applications that are valid, despite the lapse of 5 years from the development of the study. The document also contains market statistical data, helpful in implementation analyzes. The study by SARP / PZITP / GUNB includes a suggestion to link implementation processes with the use of funds from operational innovation support programs, such as the Smart Growth Operational Program (2014-2020) and the Digital Poland Operational Program (2014). -2020). The document proposes to combine this course of action with the procedure for amending the text of the Public Procurement Law. This suggestion has an integrative character, conducive to cooperation in introducing the new BIM methodology to the Polish economy. The most important part of the document is the visualization of the BIM implementation process strategy in public investments in Poland, broken down into 5 factors: • Establishment of a BIM implementation and coordination center; • Development of standards; • Development of draft legislative changes; • Content supervision over changes in the organization; • Supervision over pilot projects. The record of the implementation processes maturity is as follows: EDUCATION COOPERATION IMPLEMENTATION The strategy itself has been divided into stages (but without giving indicative dates, as in the case of Germany): • Traditional practice (present state) • Object-oriented modeling • Cooperation and interoperability • Network integration. estto the record of BIM levels (0-1-2-3) from the Bew-Richards wedge26 from Great Britain, which confirms how strong the British idea of ​​visualization of the BIM evolution process has become. An interesting, because so far not expressed anywhere, thesis put forward in the document is also the for implementation processes it is written as a consequence of inappropriate actions: PARTICULARISM CONFORMITYMCOSTS Another valuable feature of the document is the precise and proper analysis of challenges and obstacles to BIM implementation in Poland. The upcoming changes are signaled more or less openly, such as transparency, educational and financial processes, constant learning, the economically motivated need to depart from antagonisms resulting from mutual dislike of individual groups of participants in construction processes, or a departure from the role of general designer in favor of cooperative decision-making. For the composition of the elements of this strategic study, the most important supporting point is it is stated in the study the necessity to introduce such changes in the standardization codification to enable the verification of the investment effectiveness: point 2.b Tasks (BIM implementation and coordination center.

3.1.2 KPMG / Arup Report (2016)

The 2016 KPMG report prepared in cooperation with Arup at the request of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Construction [20] was an attempt to examine the Polish market in terms of the degree of preparation for investment in the BIM methodology. Its results yielded many widely recognized observations about the condition of the Polish construction industry, but they cannot be used to draw new insights into the composition of the current BIM roadmap for Poland, or for the BIM implementation strategy in this Roadmap.

3.1.3 PIIB Strategy Paper (2019)

In December 2019, a document was published called: "Strategy of the Polish Chamber of Civil Engineers (PIIB) in the field of BIM implementation, the place of the Chamber in this process and an indication of how to implement this strategy" [21]. The study lists a few key areas for further proceedings: • Digitization of the construction process; • Standardization; • Legislation; • Popularization of BIM. The primary goal of the PIIB strategy is to protect the interests of its members (for which the Chamber was established) and the Chamber's active participation in BIM implementation activities in Poland. The document also provides for the cooperation of all entities dealing with BIM, which is a right postulate. The study also includes other conclusions presented by the Chamber in various periods of research on BIM in the last 4 years: • Development of a government program for implementing BIM methodology and state support for small-medium enterprises in the field of financial aid for BIM implementation • Postulate that BI is not obligatory M for each public procurement; • Postulate of gradual implementation of BIM, starting from large investments. Postulate of starting BIM implementation from public entities and designers; • Postulate of editing Art. 10e of the PPL Act on the availability and provision of electronic modeling tools for construction data. The strategy defined by PIIB to conduct activities in four selected areas :AND. Tasks in the area of ​​digitization of construction concern such aspects as the identification of obstacles in the introduction of BIM, proposals of ways to eliminate all these obstacles and specific actions of the Chamber in this direction. B. Tasks in the area of ​​standardization include a list of activities for: - contracts and construction contracts; - BIM requirements; - detailed model accuracy; - data formats; - model elements and blocks; C. The tasks in the area of ​​legislation include: - regulations on administrative proceedings; - regulations on construction law and other related thereto; - regulations on public procurement; - regulations on intellectual property; - provisions on civil criminal court proceedings; - regulations on BIM certification and education; D. Tasks in the field of popularizing BIM include the following postulates: -implementing the basic assumptions of the PIIB social communication strategy; -BIM training; -BIM events; -publication as sources of information about BIM; -BIM software; -BIM competitions. The list of postulates from the PIIB strategic document is a set of recommendations that are properly structured and written, may also be included in this Road Map, with the exception of elements for which regulations already exist (e.g. the Act on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights27 [22]), and appropriate actions are taken (publications on BIM in the professional press and by various organizations, associations, workshops and BIM training). THE PIIB DOCUMENT MAY BE CONSIDERED A SUPPLEMENTARY DEVELOPMENT FOR THIS STRATEGIC DOCUMENT However, it is recommended to change the wording "BIM levels" from the last page of the glossary to "BIM dimensions" to avoid contradicting the nomenclature of the British Rich Levels used in this Bewwards wedge project. There can also be no equation of the open BIM direction with native file viewers.

3.1.4 Survey for the Ministry of Development (2020)

The latest survey was conducted in February 2020 among various representatives of the construction industry in Poland for the purposes of this project for the Ministry of Development, the results of which were published in the document entitled "Recommendations and conclusions — stakeholder consultation", showed several trends. The 533 response sets submitted show that there is a better understanding of the BIM methodology and its impact on improving both the quality of projects and communication between participants in construction processes. On the other hand, the results of the survey showed many contradictory postulates, e.g. regarding the obligatory nature of BIM on the Polish market or the use of the information produced in all stages of the investment. A large percentage of respondents, even among participants who have already started to implement BIM (approx. 2/3 of respondents from this group), are afraid of the negative economic results of implementing BIM methodology for their business. There is also a group of respondents who do not plan to implement BIM. Another characteristic feature of the survey results is the discrepancy in the expected benefits of BIM in the case of responses from different types of participants in construction processes, which proves that not all of them speak the same language when it comes to the new methodology. THEREFORE, IT SHOULD NOT BE EXPECTED AT THE CLOSER TIME FOR MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE PLANNED CONDUCT OF AN INTEGRATED PROCESS (E.G. FOR PILOT PROJECTS) AND WHICH, FOR THIS GOVERNMENT, CONDITIONS Its digitization is also changing. Another requirement on which most respondents agreed is the need for education. BECAUSE EDUCATION FOR NEW PROCESSES IS OBVIOUS, IT WILL NOT BE SPECIFIED AS A SEPARATE ROADMAP POINT, BUT IT WILL BE AN ELEMENT SUPPORTING EVERY ASPECT OF BIM data management, especially for the management of the technological environment, as well as for the security requirements of data management, as well as for the safety of data and the security requirements of the environment.

3.1.5 Initiative of the Chamber of Architects of the Republic of Poland (2020)

Recently, IARP approached the Ministry of Development with an initiative to develop a coherent strategy for the digitization of the investment process. In accordance with the declaration of the Chamber, a working group will be established with the participation of IARPiPIIB under the leadership of GUNBipatronate MR.

3.1.6 BIM EU BIMTask Group Manual (2017)

The "Handbook on the Introduction of Building Information Modeling by the European Construction Sector" is a document outlining the BIM implementation strategy and developed by EU BIM Task Group in the language versions of the member countries28. There are, among others, general guidelines and case studies to better illustrate the expected results of improving efficiency in the construction industry for the entire European Union.

In the process of preparing the BIM implementation strategy on the Polish market, a similar method of creating its elements was proposed as in the British strategy (Digital Plan of WorkRoadmap8 of the Eynon implementation system columns) 29, however, in order to ensure greater transparency, the order was reversed. It facilitated the synthesis of elements and placing their components on the time axis. For further stages of work, the following step was adopted: • The compilation of these parts into a coherent, clear and visual system, based on the five basic types of resources, formulated in the methodology project (people, finance, technology, standards and law. construction market in Poland;

In order to be successful at the next stage of evolution in any processes, the current stage must first be sorted out. Taking the Bew-Richards wedge as a model, for the evolution of BIM methodology, it will be BIM Level 1, i.e. traditional CAD with 3D elements for visualization. This is the most common level in Poland for a large proportion of construction projects, with few exceptions to the higher tier. Regardless of the level, it is good practice to structure project information for better management. Each construction investment begins (skipping the business programming stage) with complete projects, created in its first phases. It is therefore important to create order from the outset and keep it throughout the investment so that information management has the right foundation. In this case, it is entirely possible to rely on British recommendations. The proposed document for this purpose is PAS1192: 2007, which visually defines the structuring of production, storage and exchange of information for the capital phase, i.e. design and construction. After a period of operation proven on the British market, these standards are slowly entering the stage of global standardization in the form of ISO standards. The ISO 19650-1 standard introduced, based on the British proposal, a graphic for the organization of the digital environment for the design process (CDE - see section 5.5.2.6) in subsequent stages: WIP (current own work)> SHARED (joint work in cooperation)> PUBLISHED (work published)> ARCHIVE (archived work)

Figure 9: Structure of CDE, source according to PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 [30]

The issue of using the file naming system for the needs of specific projects or its possible extension to the entire public investment system in the country remains open. The apprenticeships in the coming months will probably show the direction of development that Polish design offices must initiate on their own or in cooperation as part of specific investments. A national system would require a broad consensus of all parties involved in investment processes. British standard BS 1192: 2007 + A: 2106, which is the basis of PN-EN ISO 19650 standards, recommended only structural schemes of file and folder names, and not specific solutions of naming systems.

It is proposed to adapt uniform, clear (containing full information already in the name) naming rules for files, models and design folders to enable better communication between participants from the very beginning, i.e. from the design part of integrated processes. It is recommended to apply the principles of structuring project information separately for individual investments.

The integrated process is characterized by a different organization than traditional processes in construction, although the course of the processes is similar The added value of the organization of an integrated process is based on additional knowledge about the process of better production management and information flow. The Polish (but not yet Polish) standard PN-EN ISO 19650 published in February 2019 parts 1 and 231 (parts 3 and 5 are in the process) specify sets of information to be developed by the contracting authority for each stage of the investment carried out in the BIM methodology, requiring contractors and subcontractors to provide feedback on the created resource. This is part of the successful UK approach ("pull") that defines the requirements that need to be met for the integrated process to be successful. In the following chapters of this strategic study, there are elements corresponding to "push" actions ("from the bottom"), i.e. on the part of entities working in design offices and construction sites in public investments. The tools for the implementation of tasks have been defined, which will guarantee the fulfillment of the "pull" requirements. Only then the above-mentioned initial stage of Convergence (focus, gathering and similarity) in the German strategy will lead to the integration of "pull" and "push" both to unify activities and to facilitate cooperation. The most important practical goal is to create motivated and committed working teams for all investment tasks, so that the elements of the investment management process in the BIM methodology indicated in the standards and norms can be successively applied.

The published standards PN-EN ISO 19650-1 and PN-EN ISO 19650-2 constitute the official Polish standards to be used in the implementation of investments. The content of this standard and its subsequent announced parts (PN-EN ISO 19650-3 concerning the operational phase of resources and PN-EN ISO 19650-5 regarding data security) should be adopted and implemented in the Polish construction industry from the moment of publishing the standard. The PKN standardization program also includes many other items in the BIM scope that will facilitate the implementation of BIM on the Polish market.

The work ethos has changed significantly over the past decades. Shortened working hours and remote work have been proposed - and in many cases implemented -, and new trends are explored to help increase efficiency by creating an optimal work environment. It is becoming obvious that the human factor is the most important resource of actors in national economies. It should be subject to special protection enabling uninterrupted personal development for all individuals. The graphic below shows the hierarchy of human values.

Figure 10: The pyramid of human needs according to Abraham Maslow. Own study based on [32]

Meeting all these needs is the basis for optimal human functioning in society. The basic aspects conducive to both the professional development of a human being and its integration in organizational structures is the appropriate learning climate, resulting in understanding and trust, which is the basis for commitment. This creates a development spiral, the catalyst of which is the exchange of information in the process. THE MEANINGS OF A RIGHT AND COMPLETE FLOW OF INFORMATION FOR COMPLICATED PROCESSES INTEGRATED IN CONSTRUCTION CANNOT BE SUFFICIENT

Figure 11: Interdependence of confidence cycles and learning. Own study based on [23]

The need for cooperation of all participants in construction processes is also specially emphasized in the introduction to the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard as a key factor in the effective development of investment resources and their subsequent operation. In the introduction to the above-mentioned standard, the required values ​​are also mentioned, such as mutual understanding, trust and proper information flow in order to reduce risk, losses, controversy or misinterpretation. It is emphasized that currently a lot of expenditure is devoted to repairing unstructured information, erroneous data management processes, solving tasks resulting from the lack of coordination of executive teams due to inadequate flow of information and its inappropriate storage and use. One of the adequate initiatives towards better integration of human power in economic entities is organization management method turquoise management33, a concept proposed in 2014 by Frederic Laloux, and practically applied in Poland, e.g. by the entrepreneur prof. Andrzej Blikle, who called it "partner democracy". ALL THE FACTORS OF THIS STRATEGIC DOCUMENT, REGARDLESS OF THEY ARE CONDITIONS, RECOMMENDATION OR ELEMENTS OF THE MATRIXES, THAT SHOULD BE FOUNDED BY THE EDUCATION.

Considering that human factor management is the most common challenge, it is recommended for each public investment to start with a few days' workshops introducing the BIM methodology and periodic knowledge refresher training. It is the most recommended method to maintain the necessary integration of the entire design and execution team, but in the long term it must be underpinned by constant education of all participants of the processes integrated in BIM

The regulation in force as at the date of preparation of this study regulating the rules of preparing and conducting public procurement procedures, i.e. the Public Procurement Law of January 29, 2004 (i.e. Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1843, as amended) - will be replaced from January 1, 2021 by provisions of the Act of September 11, 2019, Public Procurement Law (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 2019, as amended) - hereinafter: "Pzp". For this reason, this study contains references to the provisions of the Act of September 11, 2019. The provisions of the Public Procurement Law are based on the regulations of the Community public procurement law under Directive 2014/24 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of February 26, 2014 on public procurement, repealing Directive 2004 / 18 / WE (hereinafter: "Directive 2014/24 / EU") and Directive 2014/25 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of February 26, 2014. on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors, repealing Directive 2004/17 / EC (hereinafter: "Directive 2014/25 / EU"). The provisions of the directives do not contain detailed regulations regarding the requirements for designing with the use of BIM. Nevertheless, in both directives - the relevant Art. 22 sec. 4 of Directive 2014/24 / EU and art. 40 sec. 4 of Directive 2014/25 / EU, it is indicated that: in relation to public works contracts and competitions, Member States may require the use of specific electronic tools, such as electronic construction data modeling tools or similar. At the same time, when required, contracting authorities must offer alternative means of accessing such tools until they become generally available. Importantly, apart from the above-mentioned provisions, the EU directives do not define separate, detailed requirements or in any way clearly refer to the use of electronic modeling tools for construction data by contractors. In the Public Procurement Law, the above provisions of the directives have been implemented in Art. 69 sec. 1 and 2 Pzp. Pursuant to this provision, in the case of works contracts or design contests, the contracting authority may require the preparation and presentation of tenders or competition entries using electronic construction data modeling tools or other similar tools that are not generally available, and in such a situation the contracting authority provides the possibility of using an alternative means of access to such tools. The analysis of the above-mentioned EU and national regulations leads to the following conclusions: • On the basis of Directive 2014/24 / EU and 2014/25 / EU, what acts of national law, the provisions on the applicability of BIM refer to and were placed in accordance with the above-mentioned legal acts, to the rules of communication between ordering and contractors. Both Art. 22 of Directive 2014/24 / EU (and analogously art. 40 of Directive 2014/25 / EU) as the provision of art. 69 of the Public Procurement Law clearly indicate the rules of communication between the awarding entity and contractors, and not the detailed rules of conducting procedures regarding contracts for design services or construction works or related requirements. Even more emphasis is placed on linking the above-mentioned provisions with the principles of communication resulting from the provisions of art. 69 sec. 1 of the Public Procurement Law, which indicates the possibility of requiring contractors to prepare and present tenders or competition works using electronic modeling tools for construction data, while EU directives use a broader concept: requirements, in contracts for construction works and competitions, the use by contractors of electronic building data modeling tools . • Apart from the above-mentioned provisions, neither the EU Directives nor the Public Procurement Law, the right, requirement or obligation to use BIM by awarding entities in public procurement procedures has not been explicitly stated. The lack of such an explicit right or obligation does not, however, deprive contracting authorities of the right to formulate requirements for the implementation of design documentation using BIM, whether as part of service contracts (preparation of design documentation) or as part of contracts for construction works (in the formula " design and build or build). The use of BIM for the preparation of design documentation (construction or executive) and the use of the BIM model in the implementation of construction works or the provision of maintenance services (facility management) is only a tool for achieving the goal and determining the method of performing the subject of the contract, including the method of preparing design documentation or performing construction works using the method of electronic modeling. Moreover, from the provisions of Art. 22 of the Directive and Art. 69 of the Public Procurement Law, which concern the form of the offer and communication between the contracting authority and the contractor, the admissibility of formulating BIM requirements and drawing up an offer using BIM in public procurement procedures. S.Since the EU legislator and the national legislator allow the possibility of submitting an offer using BIM, they also allow for the formulation of requirements for the use of BIM both at the stage of preparing an offer and performing a public contract. Regardless of the above, the use of BIM should result from the description of the requirements formulated by the contracting authority in the procedure documentation (specification of the terms of the contract, description of the subject of the contract) as part of a given public procurement procedure. Electronic Building Data Modeling (BIM) tools are a right, not a requirement. In other words, Member States may or may not require the use of electronic building data modeling tools. Therefore, under Polish law, requiring the contractor to use BIM tools to prepare the offer is a right, and not an obligation, of the ordering party. Considering the nature of the provisions of the directive, which define the minimum standards, the above does not, however, exclude the possibility of the Polish legislator introducing a mandatory requirement as to the use of electronic modeling tools for building data when preparing offers. the best example are the procedures conducted on the basis of the Public Procurement Law, which included the application of BIM. Nevertheless, in order to popularize and apply this model to a greater extent, it may be necessary to undertake legislative actions in the field of Public Procurement Law and at the level of BIM promotion as part of shaping the state purchasing policy within the meaning of 21 of the Public Procurement Law. According to the above article, the state procurement policy defines the priority activities of the Republic of Poland in the area of ​​public procurement, as well as the desired direction of the contracting authority's activities in the field of contracts awarded. Such directions relate in particular to the purchase of innovative or sustainable products and services, taking into account standardization aspects, cost calculation in the life cycle of products; disseminating good practices in purchasing tools or applying social aspects. Preparation of a draft procurement policy and coordination of the implementation of such a policy is the responsibility of the minister responsible for the economy. Apart from legislative activities, one should consider stimulating activities aimed at disseminating BIM by shaping the purchasing policy and promoting innovation. for the construction and supervision of the investment process, it is not yet prepared for the implementation of BIM. In order to fully prepare the digitization of integrated construction processes, it is necessary to provide tools, including legal solutions, that will allow for the fullest use of the potential of the digitization of the construction process. In the long term, such legal solutions should be developed by amending regulations, at the statutory or executive level, relating to the process of creating design documentation and obtaining a building permit. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop standards (e.g. construction classification, contract templates, model documents). related to conducting the investment process in BIM), taking into account the interests of all market participants, which will not hinder competition. The most important Polish legislative activities should, first of all, focus on the following three elements: public; considering the obligation of certain categories of procuring entities to use BIM in the case of investments with an estimated value exceeding the designated threshold; development of model documents and contract or model templates after provisions) • Implementing regulations (creating a construction classification consistent with digital BIM processes) • Preparation for the procurement of the IT34 platform aimed at motivating, technical support and education of public procurers in Poland. Subsequently: • Amendment of the Regulation on the methods of calculating the life cycle costs of buildings and the method of presenting information about these costs35; • Amendment of the Act on cybersecurity36, taking into account new distributed technologies. BIM WORK INVESTMENT ABOVE A SPECIFIED ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE CONTRACT AND APPLICATION OF THE BID ASSESSMENT CRITERIA CONSIDERING THE MINIMUM WEIGHT OF THE BIM METHODOLOGY, AND IN THE SECOND STAGE ESTABLISHING THE DATE OF THE OBLIGATION TO APPLY THE BIM METHODOLOGY FOR INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS. In this way, it will be possible to prepare the construction environment for the possible introduction of the BIM obligation (which has been introduced in many countries [37].

It is suggested to divide the legislative activities into priority and priority ones in two stages. It is recommended to amend the provisions of the Public Procurement Law, as well as to adjust the executive provisions38, which are currently based solely on the Common Procurement Vocabulary (CPV) codes - additional reference to the classification in construction projects for the Polish market is recommended. The last priority is the implementation of an IT platform to support public investments carried out in the BIM methodology, according to the specifications of this project.

STRUCTURING THE DESIGN PROCESS; • INTEGRATED BIM PROCESS MANAGEMENT; • WORK (HUMAN ASPECT AND LEAN FOR CONSTRUCTION); • LEGISLATION (ACT ON PPL, FIXED CONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATION)

In order for the modernization activities for the Polish construction industry to be fully called a "strategy for Poland" as part of the Road Map under development, they should be extended to digitization and technological progress of the entire Polish economy, similar to the British Digital Built Britain, i.e. Digital Built Poland. Only then will it be possible to integrate also factors unrelated to construction, but appearing in the geospatial environment. The driving force behind the creation of such a strategy for Poland should be the highest levels of state administration, as it is a top-down action ("pull"). It is true that there is an operational program document "Digital Poland for 2014-2020" 39, developed by the Ministry of Investment and Development with the support of EU funds, but it ends in 2020 and there is no continuation. EU funds for similar strategic goals for 2021-202740 have already been allocated, so it would be advisable to consider the preparation of a further part of the digital strategy for Poland, like the Czech Republic in question. In January 2020, the Integrated State Informatization Program41 was updated, which is a continuation of the strategic direction of central institutions, which can be helpful in the BIM implementation process. This chapter, as the whole project, focuses on the BIM strategy, as it is the most practical digitization application in construction, but it should be borne in mind that it is only part of the digital environment for Poland. BIM itself relies more on the created resources than on the human factor, more on resource delivery than on its exploitation, so the coverage of the entire investment cycle requires supplementing with further elements, not necessarily directly associated with the Building Information Modeling methodology, such as Lean or ecology. These elements have also been included in this study. Taking into account the challenges related to the implementation of BIM in many countries of the world (also indicated in the earlier parts of the document), both of a technological and social nature, it is proposed to first of all isolate the essence of integrated processes in the form of several elements for easier understanding of the BIM methodology. The basis should be as clear as possible, and in the future - in subsequent studies - more detailed guidelines should be developed on its basis. The simplest ones are the best solutions. When implementing such a complicated problem, it is impossible to avoid certain logical, technological and procedural complexities. However, this will be significantly reduced. According to the idea of ​​visualization, on which both BIM and Lean are based, the most far-reaching optical clarity of individual elements of the entire system of an integrated process will be used for better assimilation. It should be noted that - especially due to the inclusion of a barely emerging technological trend in the Road Map - this study may become technologically obsolete in the near future, therefore it is recommended that this document be regularly updated every 2-3 years. The essence of BIM processes is their integrated nature. It is impossible to enumerate all types of integration occurring in construction projects in this methodology, but a good illustration is the indication of the main focuses of integration on the example of graphs taken from the collective work "Integrating Project Delivery" [24]. The planned and erected High Value Facility, defined by the ordering party, is in the center of the project, surrounded by forms of comprehensive integration in the MacroBIM42, capital and operational phases. The characteristics of the phases are discussed later in this paper.

Figure 12: Simplified structure of integrated processes 43

BIM processes should be treated as sets of cooperating elements that will only bring a measurable effect (economic, social and environmental) when all their component parts are applied. BIM starts from the first minute of the investment process.

The first task is to detail the analysis of all important aspects that are part of the integrated processes on the Polish market in order to implement the BIM methodology in it. The methodology of this Road Map study assumed as a starting point 5 groups of resources: • people; • finance; • technology; • procedural standards; • law. In the analytical process, 8 additional elements were separated and allocated to these 5, which were partially integrated, and all were then structured into 3 scopes: • investment phases ( work plan, MacroBIM, capital phase and operational phase) • production elements (technology, cybersecurity, Lean / processes, ecology classifications) • control factors (law / normalization, standards and finance). In the synthesis process for better visualization, the elements of the investment and production phases were presented as a matrix of 9 elements, four of which represent the stages of preparation and implementation of the investment (subject to the time aspect), and the remaining five support them in terms of content. The remaining 3 control factors as occurring in each of the remaining 9 elements have been divided equally among them. The elements of the matrix include both recognized method and procedural standards for integrated processes in construction, as well as new factors, not usually present in strategic studies for BIM. All of them are discussed in the descriptive chapter of the matrix elements. Presentation of the Road Map elements in a structured way allows for the specification and evaluation of the workloads (marked as matrix nodes - chapters 1 and 1), necessary to achieve readiness for the mandatory implementation of BIM in a few years. Below is a list of necessary elements for "BIM completion for Poland" of the matrix. Znich will be building the infrastructure for the use of BIM in Polish construction in the future. Investment phases (each with the necessary training): • 1 - Work plan (guiding strategies, such as this document for the Road Map and the strategy "Poland 2030. The third wave of modernity" 44; Polish BIM standards; new definition of investment phases; ICT development; role in BIM processes; investments in research and development; cooperation between industry and academia; full-time studies; working on "win-win" contracts; definition of pilot projects; media work to promote BIM in Poland; • 2 - MacroBIM (programming of construction investment; SWZ (Specification of Conditions Orders) + BIM; BIM Protocol; Cost Target types of co-operation contracts; Systems & Design Thinking) • 3 - Capital phase (design and construction - provision of an "asset delivery" asset: BEP + BEP pre-contract; AIR + OIR + PIR + EIR; MIDP + TIDP45; Risk Register, risk management; automation - prefabrication; PIM - Project Information Model); • 4 - Operational phase (Facility Management in the business operations phase) operation of the facility for the entire life of the investment resource - "asset management": COBie; AIM - Asset Information Model; Digital Twins; Life Cycle Assessment; recommended study: Digitally Built Poland (as in Digital Built Britain) 46 Substantive basis (including necessary training): • A - Technology (top-down initiatives; structuring, standardization of information - standards; CDE; softwareihardware; Big Data; Edge Computing; open formats and technological support) • B - Cyber ​​security (GDPR; copyrights; DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology - distributed processing; Cybersecurity reports); • C - Lean methods (methods of lossless procedure of construction investment: human factor - IntegratedZespó l; Lean tools from industry - TPS - Toyota Production System; Agile - agile methods - Scrum; TVD - Target Value Design; LPS - Last Planner®System47 - schedules; CbA - Choosing by Advantages); • D - Classification, LOG / LOI (standards for classification; construction classification for Poland; LOD = LOG + LOI; Decoupling - separation of geometric and phanumeric information; object libraries); • E - Ecology (Sustainable - Sustainability; Circular Economy - Circular Economy; Low-emission, energy efficiency; PED - Positive Energy Districts; Bottom-up initiatives). The matrix assumes an additional phase in the investment process, called MacroBIM48 (BIM at the investment programming stage), which is to secure the investment in economic terms. This phase does not yet function in investment processes in Poland, but ultimately it is suggested to introduce it for the benefit of every construction investment, whether public or private. As it is a new element, it requires a special description also in this schematic overview. This is the financial programming phase of the investment. In this Roadmap, the MacroBIM phase is part of the procurement procedure. In its assumption, MacroBIM is a phase in which contractors present a block concept or a functional system based on the client's requirements, formulated in the SWZ document with elements of the BIM methodology. Together with the concept, the contractors submit a calculation indicator of the object (there are catalogs prepared especially for this purpose on the market). The index calculation is then verified with market prices. Price indices, apart from the schematic solid and functional concept, constitute a significant part of the bids submitted. They are used to assess whether the investment is feasible within the contracting authority's budget. In the event of a positive evaluation and acceptance of the proposed concept by the contracting authority, these indicators are used to negotiate the Target Cost of the planned project between the contractors who submit preliminary offers49 and the contracting authority. It should be stipulated that the most advantageous offer still does not guarantee the implementation of the investment, but should be obtained like any market product, with the participation of bidders in the investment process after initial selection and with the involvement at the earliest possible stage, in addition to designers, specialist engineers, contractors and future users of the resource. An important difference of such a procedure50 in relation to the currently most frequently used procedure for awarding a public procurement, i.e. open tender, is its two-stage character, guaranteeing a thorough verification of the profitability of the investment and the possibility of clarifying the Target Cost negotiation offer. Another advantage of this stage is financial savings for all parties in the event that the intention is not profitable, and also the possibility of adjusting the expectations of the contracting authority in order to adjust the purpose of the investment to the funds allocated for its implementation. The selection system will also make it possible to limit the number of bidders in order to select the contractor for the investment task in terms of content, economy and organization. Frank Gehry is the project of the Festival and Congress Center for the New Center of Łódź51. And although this concept exceeded the scope intended in this document for MacroBIM, the principle behind its evaluation is based on similar assumptions to avoid the risk of overpaying for a future, finished object. Certainly, introducing a separate phase of MacroBIM would result in the creation of a new type of business relationship in construction, as it would require close cooperation already at the offer stage. both designers and contractors of construction works and future users. The second element of the matrix, unprecedented in foreign strategies, is the Lean ecosystem, which has already entered the industry for good (Lean Industry), and has been paving the way to construction (Lean Construction) for over ten years. Ecology and classifications are a logical complement to the consideration of environmental goals and goals supporting automation in construction processes, especially prefabrication as well as delivery and logistics.

Figure 13: Matrix of elements of the BIM implementation strategy in Poland as part of the Road Maps; Own study.

The list of elements is not exhaustive, it is possible to supplement the matrix with a larger number of parts in the future, or to redistribute them under new conditions. In addition to the simplicity of the system, its flexibility is also important. Matrix nodes A1 - E4 (paragraphs 6 and 7 of this document) have names only for better orientation, and not as a set standard. For all elements of the matrix, a legislative, normative, and customary or cultural basis has been established. The goal is to structure all data, and to facilitate the assimilation of the Road Map by the entire construction market, which in Poland consists of about half a million participants (- 420'000 - data for Q1 2019) 52, and many of them for whom the Polish language is not is the mother tongue. As the proposed approach to the digitization of construction in this form has not been presented anywhere so far, some elements will require further fixing measures in Polish construction (legally or customarily) in order for them to be considered stable in the entire system. These elements are basically not unfamiliar to integrated investments, but so far have not been presented in this way and in such a summary.

Figure 14: Summary of phases of providing and managing an investment resource carried out in the BIM methodology. Own study

It is true that individual investment phases are also subject to integration, a partial overlapping (as can be seen in the above graph, showing the progress of the investment over time and the approximate size proportions of its phases), nevertheless, for the purposes of visualizing the Road Map strategy, they will be separated and presented separately, taking into account their different nature and substantive basis. An "asset" is defined in the ISO standard as the target product of a construction or infrastructure investment, along with the subsequent management process throughout its life cycle. It is an illustration of the idea of ​​investing on the principle: "Begin with the end in mind" [25] which is a challenge not for designers for whom the product is usually not a resource, but still their own project. Here you can distinguish the phase of creating the resource and the phase of managing it. It also makes it easier to define the intersection of the matrix elements for individual analysis. This is to focus actions to standardize specific cuttings of the investment process. This will strengthen the structure of the entire system and will be a step towards creating a visual workshop - the domain of the Lean ecosystem. SUMMING UP THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ENTIRE MATRIX, IT SHOULD BE UNDERSTANDED THAT IT IS NOT UNDERSTANDED AS A LIST OF ANY ELEMENTS THAT MAY BE FULLY SELECTED AND FULLY SELECTED. DA RELIANCE ON sTANDARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY IS requirements, WHEN WILL NOT BE STATED PROCESS INTEGRATED HUMAN PERSPECTIVE WHETHER OR NOT ZOSTANĄWYPRACOWANEKLASYFIKACJE OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT cybersecurity INWESTYCYJNEGO.SYSTEM BĘDZIEWPEŁNI ONLY FUNCTION NOT DIE AS CAŁOŚĆ.PRZEDSTAWIONA STANOWIWIELKICH ZMIANWPROCESACH BUDOWLANYCHWPORÓWNANIUZMETODAMI TRADYCYJNYMI.JEJ summarized ELEMENTS ARE ONLY TO IMPROVE PREVIOUS ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF EFFICIENCY, COOPERATION, AND INFORMATION FLOW.

Figure 15: Work Plan - the first matrix element for the investment time phases. Own work

5.1.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

The work plan has no standardization or legislative basis. It will contain primarily this Road Map, but also all documents and programs (e.g. Standardization of Digital Innovation Hub services to support digital transformation of enterprises "under the Minister's Program for 2019-2021 entitled" Industry 4.0 ") 5354 BIM in terms of strategic importance, i.e. enabling the acquisition of a comprehensive view of the BIM methodology. Many of these documents may not obtain the status indicating the way to BIM in Poland, but some will certainly be included in the commonly recognized set of key studies aimed at creating a methodology for cooperation and integration in Polish construction. FILLING INTO CONTENT FOR THE FURTHER FUTURE.

2 Description

It can be assumed that the Polish Work Plan55 uses the structure of the British Digital Plan of Work (DPoW) 56, as it also includes the specification of investment phases. The Polish Plan also provides for the development of basic guidelines that should be adopted or just prepared so that the integrated investment process can start at all and be properly conducted.

5.1.2.1 BIM standardization for Poland

• Adoption of ISO standards, which are a translation of the global BIM standards created on the basis of the British PASiBS, adequately for all nine matrix elements, is obligatory for the success of using the BIM methodology in construction and infrastructure investments. BIM standardization is a strategy that covers all areas of creating information for integrated processes. The graphic below, illustrating the BIM standardization environment, comes from the JRC technical report "Building Information Modeling (BIM) standardization" [26] from 2017, endorsed by the European Union.

Figure 16: BIM Standardization Platform [26].

Adoption and adaptation of current and future global strategies in the field of ecology, technology, data security and other, undertaken in consultation with the current political circles in Poland • Adoption of arrangements structuring the matrix of this document; • Adoption of future documents regulating the standards as part of the flexible fulfillment of the strategic structure.

5.1.2.2 Boundary conditions from chapter 3 of this document

Structuring of the current BIM level 1 (CAD) according to the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard; • Adoption of mental readiness for changes in the methods of managing the project environment (according to the series of PN-EN ISO19650 standards and other standards organizing the design and execution process); for the evolution of the work ethos (gaining trust, cooperation, learning and transparency); • Legislative changes supporting the development of BIM (the PZP Act, including the preparation of a procurement policy project, the Construction Law Act and regulations regarding construction investments). according to a concept developed elsewhere in this project [57]

5.1.2.3 Additional investment phase

• Phase of investment programming and economic verification of its subject. This means isolating from the capital phase an additional pre-capital stage (verification programming), called MacroBIM. The aim of this new phase is economic verification of the investment in the public procurement procedure58. The result of this analysis is either further proceeding in the same procedure (which goes to the capital phase), or termination of the procedure and abandonment of the investment idea59 • The capital phase (design and execution), creating one with the MacroBIM phase. The MacroBIM phase is part of the procurement procedure and not the pre-initiation phase • The exploitation phase including the disposal of the asset (demolition or restoration / extension).

5.1.2.4 Changes in the environment of the construction industry and public administration

• The creation of a Steering Committee for managing the implementation of BIM in the Polish economy, suggested in previous studies. It is to be a body that brings together "top-down" decision-making in BIM in Poland, with the minister for development as leaders and selected advisors; on the Research and Development industry, because without its participation it will not be possible to support BIM processes in technology; • Establishing closer cooperation between industry and the academic community; middle level, related to construction.

5.1.2.5 Definition of roles of participants of processes integrated in the BIM methodology

Table 2. BIM modeler (information modeling)

Modeling of digital information about the created resource, both geometric-topological and alphanumeric, data export to the IFC60 format The most technologically advanced participant in the processes in terms of data handling for the PIM information model61 Each industry of creating a digital evaluation of the information model about the resource Technical / BIM program support, knowledge of the stages of creating a resource on site

Coordination of the model in terms of the content of information, correctness of IFC parameters and methods of data exchange with other participants in the processes Expert of open information exchange formats and tasks of design industries Any industry creating the evaluation of a digital resource information model Higher or medium technical / support for all information exchange formats for a specific investment

Table 4. BIM manager (distribution of the provided information among participants)

Coordination and management of the technological side of BIM processes in cooperation with all participants, management of information about the resource in all design models (open formats based on ISO standards - see section 5.5.2.5) Expert of the requirements for the design model for the needs of execution Specialist role for each of the three main parties: contracting authority, design team and executive team Higher technical or bachelor's degree / troubleshooting, soft skills, coordination of tasks in construction industries

Table 5. BIM leader (lean information management in the BIM methodology):

Coordination of all parts of the process in the BIM integrated methodology between all participants, regardless of the industry, technological advancement or stage of the process Believers of the entire process integrated in the BIM methodology One specialist for the entire investment, any affiliation, also external, member of the Core Group62 Higher, not necessarily technical or bachelor's degree / removal of obstacles, soft skills , manager of digital construction processes and Lean tasks.

5.1.2.6 Adopt additional recommendations to supplement the Plan

• Supporting the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) - constant technological progress - it will be particularly important in the element of this matrix called Cybersecurity; • Game Theory, dealing with mathematical models of strategic interactions between decision-makers in all kinds of processes, seeing the future in win-win relationships ”, Meaning benefits for all sides of the relationship. It resulted from research on the results of available types of role-playing games (Role Playing Games) conducted in the 1960s and 1970s at the University of Michigan (Robert Axelrod) 63. In the long run (in thousands of cases) and beyond the bounds of error, characters with a conflict-avoiding profile promoting the goals of unanimity and profit for each side through a cooperative attitude have achieved the best results. Such an attitude requires mutual understanding, listening skills, empathy and trust, which are also the basis of the processes in the BIM methodology, and have been included in the boundary conditions for the strategic matrix. It is recommended to adopt and implement a systematic approach to achieving "win-win" balance in business transactions, based on the model of "continuous improvement" in the field of Lean, also included in the first Polish BIM PN-EN ISO 19650 standards

5.1.2.7 Pilot projects

The task of public entities is to define and prepare specific public investments as pilot projects to be implemented in the BIM methodology using the appropriate standard incentive contracts, written in another part of this study ("Construction investment management in BIM methodology - proposal for BIM document templates").

5.1.2.8 Media work to promote BIM and its implementation strategy

Propagating BIM in the media, at industry conferences or through publications devoted to this issue as part of the BIM implementation strategy in Poland.

5.1.2.9 Training

The work plan does not provide for additional training in its component parts, but it is required to create official documents describing all the recorded dependencies that would guide the implementation of BIM in Poland by central and local entities. Implementation measures should be initiated and coordinated both from the bottom up and from the top

5.2.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• The idea of ​​the initial investment phase is actually included in the strategic document, commonly known as the Digital Plan of Work (DPoW), prepared by the British Chamber of Architects RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects) 64, but its potential seems to be nowhere used. DPoW describes the BIM activities for the successive stages of the investment in a smooth, homogeneous process characterized by the provision of partial project information, called Data Drops, at each stage of the system except for the first stage of development of the project strategy. The concept of DPoW, however, does not provide for an early, separate economic evaluation of the project to avoid financial mistakes65. This is decided either by the conditions for launching a separate MacroBIM or by the contracting authority at its own risk;

Figure 18: Digital Plan of Work (DPoW) in 2019 version [66]

The second requirement for MacroBIM is the project plan developed by the contracting authority in the form of documents required by the ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard to define the terms of the investment. The only difference between OIR-PIR-AIR-EIR67 for the MacroBIM phase compared to the capital phase is that the contractor does not need to define these types of requirements (coordination with the contracting authority's requirements will be necessary in the capital phase to develop common requirements for the entire investment); • PAS 91: 2013 + A1: 2017 is a British document that serves to secure the contracting authority by requiring that a set of PQQ (Pre-Qualification Questionnaire) 68 questions be answered by the contractor joining the MacroBIM phase. The qualification requirements may be extended by the contracting authority to obtain the required quality of the offers of their creators. • A - The first required scope of questions relates to: bidder identification, financial information, company condition, professional qualifications and the entity's safety and health policy. • B - The second set is optional for the policy of competitiveness, environmental, quality of process management and qualifications in the BIM methodology. • C - The third required set of questions concerns the qualifications of entities in the event of their participation in public tenders for both the civil and military sectors. This document has not yet been elevated to a British Standard (BS) and is therefore not an ISO standard for BIM. Nevertheless, its standardization should be expected, as it is still updated and its nature favors early control over the investment process. Taking into account the nature of the MacroBIM phase, it would be the first opportunity for the contracting authority to assess the suitability of the offers in the procedure in terms of organization.

5.2.2 Description

The isolation and appropriate treatment of the MacroBIM phase are key to ensuring the economic security of any type of project, especially those involving large financial resources, and the predetermined size and / or scale of difficulties should constitute the boundary conditions for starting this procedure. There are several written attempts in the world to guarantee the economy of investments, but nowhere has this been clearly separated from the construction processes. The closest to this is the document developed by the government agencies in Great Britain in 2014, presenting the contract models Integrated Project Insurance and the Two Stage Open Book [27]. In addition, King's College London has published a document on the creation of two stages: to verify the bidding teams and then to carry out the appropriate investment [28]. The Polish strategic study SARP / GUNB / PZITB of 2015 [19], mentioned in chapter 3.1.1, introduces the postulate of economic evaluation of public investments, but without formulating further specific proposals for implementation steps. DESIGN AND EXECUTIVE) ZPROPONOWANYMWSKAŹNIKOWYM total cost of INWESTYCJI.MACROBIMSTANOWI IMPLEMENTATION PHASE oF CONDUCT issue pan IZASADNICZO CONTRACT NOT sIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT fROM tRADITIONAL tO PROCESS ZAKUPOWYCH.NIEMNIEJ JEDNAKWTAKIM PROCESS DIFFERENT PRESSURE iS LOCATED ON tHE PREPARATION oF INVESTMENT, YES tO ENSURE tHE SAFETY EKONOMICZNE69.MacroBIM consists of the following steps: • Announcement of the procedure with the determination of the contracting authority's needs and requirements; • Conducting a selection in order to select the number of participants / tenderers specified by the contracting authority who will be invited to submit initial offers including the concept of investment implementation with its financial evaluation; • In the event that the initial offers significantly deviate from the budget, the contracting authority should be able to cancel the procedure; • Conducting negotiations between the contracting authority and participants70 in terms of initial offers or tenders submitted during negotiations, which include the Target Cost negotiations; • Invitation to submit final bids • The MacroBIM phase ends with the delivery of the order connecting the conceptual solution (described in the further part of this chapter) with the determination of the Target Cost (see further point 5.2.2.3) • The Employer assesses both the substantive quality of the schematic concept and its economic value. The selected solution (offer) with the agreed Target Cost serves as the basis for the capital (design and implementation) phase. In order to increase the interest in the procedure, the contracting authority should provide for the reimbursement of the costs of participation in the procedure for contractors who were invited to submit initial offers71. The reimbursement of the costs of participation in the procedure is permissible under the provisions of the Act at the design and execution stage (Joint Venture), together with future users, similar to multilateral contracts for the integrated design, execution and operation phase of a proper investment. However, motivational multilateral contracts will be important only in the next (capital) phase. An additional goal of the separated MacroBIM is to establish the principles of cooperation in the evaluation phase, along with the schemes of this cooperation in the second implementation phase, where the proper management of human resources is already crucial for the success of the project. must be a general obligation, but should be required for risky investments or complex and complicated ventures with a budget of more than 10 million Euro. Taking into account the legal solutions provided for in the new Act on the Public Procurement Law, the conduct of proceedings with the use of MacroBIM seems possible using the negotiated procedure with publication (152-168 of the Public Procurement Law) or, alternatively, the competitive dialogue procedure73. The negotiated procedure may be used for contracts involving works, supplies or services involving design or innovative solutions, as well as for contracts which, due to their nature, complexity or risk related to construction works, supplies or services, cannot be awarded elsewhere. The application of the MacroBIM model according to the concept presented above may, however, require legislative changes at the level of the Public Procurement Law in order to allow the contracting authority to cancel the procedure if the value of initial bids significantly exceeds the estimated contract costs74. Another reason for distinguishing MacroBIM is the necessity to negotiate the Target Cost so that it becomes the basic economic criterion for the investment. The implementation of the MacroBIM phase is possible under the public procurement under two conditions: • The contract covers the investment concept as the first stage of the entire investment process and its economic evaluation, based on the conceptual model of max. LOD 100 for solids, LOD 200 for the functional model (more about LOD in chapter 5.8 .2.3) and other cost indicators. The effect of the MacroBIM phase is the so-called Target Cost. Completion of the MacroBIM phase does not have to mean an automatic transition to the next, i.e. actual implementation; • In the preparation of each offer concept and its financial evaluation, as far as possible, as part of multilateral cooperation, all potential entities involved in the process of supplying the investment resource should participate in order to calculate economical were as realistic as possible. The current level of technology also allows for the creation of an energy economy calculation from solid and functional models, which is also an element of the general calculation of the resource's life costs, as a supplement to the economic offer. These and similar simulations and analyzes should usually start each process in the BIM methodology, and not appear until further stages of the investment process. The graphic below shows an example of a conceptual model (volumes and areas of grouped functions) for the purpose of evaluating the indicative investment costs in the MacroBIM phase

Figure 19: Example of maximum model accuracy for delivery in MacroBIM phase [75]

It is a recommendation with the maximum degree of information saturation, IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO USE A MORE ACCURATE RECORD OF CONCEPT PROGRAMMING FOR INDICATOR CALCULATIONS. In most cases, even grouped functions on individual floors of the facility would suffice, as it corresponds to the criteria of the estimation methods (m2, m3, gross / net prices) from the bulletin indicators. The graphic below shows the flow of activities in the investment process using the MacroBIM phase to evaluate the economic investment.

Figure 20: Illustration of the investment process using the MacroBIM phase. Own study

5.2.2.1 Systems & Design Thinking

The MacroBIM phase should begin with structuring the organization of recipients participation in this initial stage of investment, primarily from the introduction of the principles of Systems Thinking 76 about the intended project. It is the basis for the functioning of an integrated organization, one of the four pillars of integrated processes, and at the same time a good method to understand the complexity of the investment environment. Another method of building organizational order in construction investments is the Design Thinking approach 77. It is about a comprehensive (holistic) analysis of all factors included in the investment under development, with the participation of the largest possible number of participants in the provision of the exploitation of the future resource. The better the analyzes are carried out, the more accurate the evaluation results will be, and professional tools are developed for this purpose. CIFE (Center for Integrated Facility Engineering) 78 has created a matrix called POP (Product - Organization - Process) 79 to visually aid this analysis. This matrix has 9 fields in the 3x3 system for intersecting vertical areas (the mentioned Product, Organization and Process) and horizontal areas (Function, Form / Structure and Behavior, i.e. action procedures). The matrix is ​​the product of focusing the process of creating the solution in the following sequence: the role of the resource? • How is the resource supposed to work in order to fulfill the expected role? business for the ordering party, organizational for the project team or the end user.

Table 6. An example of the application of the POP matrix for activities of the Integrated Team 80. Own study based on [24]

Function What quality-generating activities is expected to provide a high-value resource? What are our goals? How will we achieve them? What do we need to control?

Form What rooms, components and systems should be in the facility? Who will make decisions about quality and value? How will we organize? What methods will the team use? What will their steps be?

Behavior What forecasts will we make? What measures will we use for them? What will the results be measurable for the entire team? What will be the measures of production and performance?

The next phase of developing investor's guidelines for the creation of the types of required information about the created investment resource specified in the PN-EN ISO 19650-1 standard also has appropriate and helpful visual tools. They derive from the Lean methodology (hereinafter referred to in section 5.7.2), but they functionally fit into the process of implementing BIM goals for a specific investment. This is a tool called Value Stream Mapping 81, which allows you to visually save and analyze the schematic implementation procedures in a construction investment. Below is a list of exemplary (not yet standardized) symbol icons in order to create investment programming diagrams in the MacroBIM phase. This is another proof that that in integrated processes the elements interpenetrate and overlap.

Figure 21: Icon set of symbols for creating graphical Value Stream Mappings [82]

5.2.2.2 Investor requirements (SWZ + BIM)

In the development of another part of the project with document templates to be developed by the contracting authority. These templates are based on the provisions of the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard and constitute the entire package of information requirements that the contracting authority prepares before the start of the investment. The information requirements should already be presented to the bidders in the MacroBIM phase. Their form, consulted with the contractor, is the basis for the required information about the resource in the process of its creation and delivery, i.e. in the capital phase.

5.2.2.3 Target Cost

The ideas and principles of the Target Cost extrapolation, i.e. the basic economic criterion of the investment, were best presented graphically in the presentation of the Haahtel team at the forum organized by the Lean Construction Institute in January 2016. Below is my own graphic based on a Finnish source.

Figure 22: Extrapolation scheme for the Target Cost from among the available design solutions. [29]

TARGET COST SHOULD BE A STARTING POINT FOR EVERY INVESTMENT PROCEDURED IN THE BIM METHOD. From the possible base of design solutions for the pre-design (conceptual) phase, only those remaining after applying two criteria to their combination: the minimum quality of the design solution and the concept of the maximum cost of the evaluation are selected and assessed. Evaluation of the concept assumes ratio calculations for m2 of gross / net function, m3 of cubature, unit calculations, other calculations that can be obtained from solid models (without any definitions of building partitions or openings) and a list of groups of functions (without division into individual rooms). The indicative cost is extra hunted in the minimum-maximum range (price lists containing index costs may be helpful), and then verified by the bidder with market costs for investments of a similar type. This verification includes a proposal for the Target Cost of the investment, presented as a final product in the ieMacroBIM phase of the proceeding. If the offer is accepted, the Target Cost is then determined in negotiations with the ordering party as the basis for further proceedings. It is a design approach based on a fixed cost, and not calculating the cost for the resulting project.To be realistic, this proposal must take into account not only design solutions, but also executive, organizational and operational solutions for the construction site. Hence, it is recommended to create multi-sector teams preparing cost offers in the iMacroBIM phase. Ultimately, for the implementation of BIM in Poland, it is recommended to adopt gradually other contracts than "design-build" or "build", which are not recommended from the perspective of the Target Cost service, because they do not ensure full cooperation and the pursuit of a common goal for all participants of the investment84. We are talking about multilateral contracts created especially for BIM.The contracting authority's task at the end of the MacroBIM stage is: • either to reject the idea of ​​an investment when the Target Cost proposed by the bidders in the MacroBIM phase exceeds the contracting authority's investment capacity (not promising improvement during negotiations); • or to start negotiations the final Target Cost that will apply to the capital phase of an investment carried out by a multi-discipline design-execution-operational team that won the MacroBIM phase. In the chapter on Lean (point 5.7), methods of monitoring the Target Cost are presented in order to prevent its increase.

5.2.2.4 Contracts for BIM

Contracts concluded under the provisions of the Public Procurement Law are of a civil law nature (Article 8 (1) of the Public Procurement Law). The above means that the public procurement contract is subject to contractual freedom resulting from Art. 353 (1) of the Civil Code, with restrictions resulting from the provisions of the Public Procurement Law, i.e. the form or rules of amending the provisions of a public procurement contract. Despite the aforementioned principle of contractual freedom of the parties to a public procurement contract, in principle, they have the character of adhesive contracts, the provisions of which are shaped in favor of the party that is the author of the contract (here the contracting authority). The problem of the lack of ensuring or at least the disturbance of the contractual balance of the parties occurs regardless of the contract model used, both on the basis of contracts drawn up entirely independently by the ordering parties for the implementation of a specific investment, as well as on the basis of contracts based on contract templates - e.g. FIDIC contract templates - adapted to the needs of a given investment. Similarly, an imbalance of the parties' contractual balance can be observed regardless of the construction project implementation model used, whether in the "build" formula (the contractor constructs the object on the basis of the design documentation provided by the contracting authority) or "design and build" (the contractor is responsible for the preparation of the design documentation and execution of the investment) 85 . In the context of the above comments, the regulations provided for in Art. 431 of subsequent Public Procurement Law Acts, from which results, inter alia, obligation of the parties to cooperate in the performance of the contract, prohibition of abusive clauses or the obligation to define the principles of valorization of the contractor's remuneration. THE MODEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVESTMENT BASED ON THE TRANSFER OF ENTIRE RISKS, RELATED TO DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION A CONTRACTOR MAY NOT BE A PRACTICE MODEL [30] From an organizational-functional point of view, information modeling can provide better coordination and monitoring in all phases of the investment implementation, from planning to awarding and delivery. Importantly, it may limit the need to make changes to the modifications at the execution stage, which may be critical in the context of cooperation between participants in the investment process. For this reason, contractual provisions are essential for the use of BIM, as long as they properly regulate, inter alia, the issues of: (i) time limits for submitting and validating design information and other data; (ii) collision detection, early warning and risk management; (iii) intellectual property law86 (chapter from book [31]) As practice shows, it is the introduction of changes in the course of investment implementation, and consequently the occurrence of delays and the increase in investment implementation costs, is often the most controversial and is the reason for disputes between the investor and the contractor. Contracts for BIM are characterized by rejection antagonistic places and adopting a cooperative model of functioning. For this to happen, several elements of such investment agreements are needed: • Multilateral, i.e. a single-joint agreement for all parties; • To avoid conflicts and foster cooperation: introducing the waiver of mutual claims (except for third party claims and willful misconduct); economic investment in the form of the Target Cost, developed at the MacroBIM phase, then monitored throughout the duration of the investment; coverage of losses in the event of failure to meet them87; • Introduction of a jointly defined Risk Register, methods of managing this catalog and methods of joint removal of existing threats; • Introduction of an obligation to establish a Core Group, managing the These integrated contracts therefore form a risk-sharing system aimed at reducing the overall risk of an investment. There are model contracts around the world. The best known are: • IPD - Integrated Project Delivery (by Hanson Bridgett LLP from USA88 - Standard Multi-Party Agreement); • PA - Project Alliancing; • CLP - Cost Led Procurement; • IPI-Integrated Project Insurance; • 2SOB - Two Stage Open Book [27]; • EBP - Early BIM Partnering; • AIA C191 / 195 - contract families AIA (American organization of architects); • Consensus DOCS 300. There are also several other proposals for similar forms of contracts, similar to the optimal joint solution Venture, i.e. aimed at the implementation of the common goal of achieving joint profits or joint coverage of losses, while limiting blaming either party for failure in favor of joint responsibility. This is all the more important because process standards should not only favor the contracting authority - building motivated and committed teams is equally important. Motivation can be achieved by meeting human needs according to the Maslow's pyramid mentioned in chapter 3.5, ensuring a share in the profits of the entire enterprise (see the type of division in the footnote). This factor is particularly important in Poland, where fees for projects and profits of contracting companies have fallen significantly below the standards of developed countries. Project remuneration often fluctuates below 1% of the value of the entire investment, which is a good thing for introducing BIM in Polish investments, not only public ones, for a year or two. The financial incentives of integrated contracts will partially reduce these disproportions, also in the case of profits for contractors89. Agreements based on the FIDIC standard currently used in Polish public investments are not intended for the purposes of implementing integrated investments, as they do not ensure integration by themselves due to fortifications protecting both parties, but mainly the contracting authority. These are antagonistic-type contracts that are not conducive to building trust or transparency, regardless of which multiple forms are chosen for the investment. Meanwhile, in the global reports on completed investment processes in the BIM methodology, the trust factor is in the first place in the table of positive experiences gained (e.g. 90 or [32]). The trust between the parties to the contract built on the basis of coordination of activities as well as response and risk management systems leads to higher BIM efficiency and the investment implementation itself91. The MacroBIM phase concerns the conceptualization of the client's assumptions and their economic evaluation without further design studies, read more in terms of implementation. The recommended form of a multilateral agreement will be useful for the tenderer already in the MacroBIM phase to obtain a substantive input and opinion of specialists who can jointly use their experience to develop an investment concept and its Target Cost. The BIM contract model will play an important role in promoting this investment delivery model. As indicated in the literature, the issues regarding the lack of contract templates and standards in the investment process constitute one of the main legal barriers to the application of the BIM model92. For this reason, it is necessary to develop contract templates or at least model contractual clauses that can be used in public procurement contracts. Amendment of the Construction Law, with the planned entry into force in September 2020, additionally It will strengthen the need to separate the phase of economic verification of the investment, because the formal requirement to provide three types of design: land development design, construction design and technical design will significantly extend the design phase and its cost, but it will be a proposal aimed at achieving an increased quality and accuracy of the design. This will automatically allow you to better estimate the profitability of the investment. This is similar to the BIM regrouping of work into the initial stages of the investment. Typical for the BIM methodology, providing partial studies of Data Drops will facilitate early indicator calculations. If the traditional method is applied to investment processes, it will take a long time to issue the first official design study, which will make it impossible to make a timely profitability calculation before the investment process starts for good.

5.2.2.5 Training

It is suggested to conduct training for the investment evaluation phase, including methods of estimating index costs based on solid models and functional systems, as well as extrapolation of the potential life cycle costs of the facility over its lifetime. In the future, this function will be taken over by the role of cost estimator in the BIM methodology, operating on design models

Figure 23: Capital phase - third matrix element for investment time phases. Own study

5.3.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• Act of September 11, 2019, Public Procurement Law (Journal of Laws 2019, item 2019), with particular emphasis on Art. 101-103 of the New PZPU relating to the preparation of the description of the subject of the contract, min. for construction works, including by reference to Polish Standards transposing European standards and international standards; art. 239-247 of Nowa PZPU, relating to the criteria for evaluating offers, • ISO 19650 standard on information management using BIM: PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019- Concepts and principles, PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019- Production and resource transfer. The TK59 Technology Committee of the ISO organization has published, based on the British PAS and BS models of the 1192 series (on the handling of construction processes in the BIM methodology), a series of ISO 19650 global standards, with parts devoted to the management of information about resources created in these processes. The capital phase is the "production" phase and the transfer of resources in the design and execution process is the subject of this chapter. One of the characteristics of this part of the series of standards is the introduction of the so-called Risk register, i.e. a developed central catalog of possible risks for a specific investment. The risk register also appears in the ISO Guide 73: 2009, ISO 31000: 2009 standards, described below, so it is a smooth continuation of the development of investment risk management in construction. In combination with multilateral contracts for integrated investments, it will enable optimal and joint management of risk situations for investments, which in turn will facilitate the formation of future (although already present in the world) joint venture contracts with the waiver of mutual claims by the parties to the contract; • ISO / IEC 31010: 2019 standard Risk management - Risk assessment techniques. Related older standards are: AS / NZS ISO 31000: 2009 (Risk management framework) and ISO Guide 73: 2009 (Ris kmanagement).

5.3.2 Description

When the MacroBIM evaluation phase is successful, you can start to mobilize funds for the implementation of the project idea. The provisions of the Public Procurement Law do not prevent the use of BIM in public procurement procedures. Regardless of the type of contract (services or construction works) and the formula for the implementation of the investment, the basis for the application of BIM and the determination of obligations related to the use of this formula will be the requirements specified by the contracting authority (investor) in the procurement documentation. : 1. art. 99 of the Public Procurement Law, according to which the contracting authority, among others: describes the subject of the contract in an unequivocally exhaustive manner, using sufficiently precise and understandable terms, taking into account the requirements and circumstances that may affect the preparation of the offer. these may relate in particular to a specific process, production method, delivery of the required supplies, services or works, or to a specific process at another stage of their life cycle, even if these factors are not essential to them, provided that they are related to the subject-matter of the contract. and proportional to its value of objectives • may specify in the description of the subject of the contract the need to transfer the author's economic rights or grant a license.2. art. 101 of the Public Procurement Law - according to which the subject of the contract is described by (among others): • specifying performance or functionality requirements, including environmental requirements; • reference to the required characteristics of a material, product or service, including by reference to: - Polish Standards transferring European standards, - standards of other member states of the European Economic Area transferring European standards, - international standards, - technical specifications, the observance of which is not obligatory, adopted by a standardization institution specialized in the development of technical specifications for repeated and permanent use, - other reference systems standards established by European standardization organizations; - reference to standards, European technical assessments, technical specifications and technical reference systems, and by reference to performance or functional requirements for selected characteristics. 3. art. 102 paragraph. 1 point 10) -13) Pzp - in the case of a contract for construction works, the contracting authority specifies in the description of the subject of the contract for construction works the required characteristics of the material, product or service corresponding to the intended use by the contracting authority, which may relate in particular to: • specific principles regarding design and costing; • testing conditions, inspection and acceptance of construction works, • construction techniques and methods, • any other technical conditions. 4. art. 103 of the Public Procurement Law - contracts for construction works are described by means of documentation of prproject and technical specifications of the performance and acceptance of construction works, while for investments carried out in the "design and build" formula, the contracting authority describes the subject of the contract using a functional and operational program. On the basis of the provisions of the Public Procurement Law, contracting authorities define the requirements for the description of the subject of the contract, essential features to be met, also design requirements or other technical conditions. It should be noted that the provisions specifying the requirements for the description of the subject of the contract, in particular in the field of construction works (Article 102 (1) of the PPL), are open catalog - which is indicated by the use of the phrase "particularity". Thus, the contracting authority may define additional requirements and parameters on its own, as long as the basic principles of the description of the subject of the contract, relating to the requirement of an unequivocal and exhaustive description in a manner that does not hinder fair competition (Art. 99 of the Public Procurement Law), are not violated. 101 of the Public Procurement Law, the requirements relating to the subject of the contract - including the required features of the service - may be specified by referring to the requirements of Polish Standards transposing European standards, international standards and even technical specifications, compliance with which is not mandatory, provided that they have been adopted by a standardization body specialized in the development of specifications technical for repeated and regular use. When describing the subject of the contract by referring to standards, technical assessments or technical specifications of technical reference systems, the contracting authority is obliged to indicate that it allows solutions equivalent to the described ones. Regulations relating to the description of the subject of the contract constitute a key, but not the only factor that may be important for the dissemination of BIM. Regardless of the requirements for the description of the subject of the contract, for the dissemination of the application of this model, it is also necessary to take into account which evaluation criteria the contracting authority will use when selecting the most advantageous offer. public procurement procedure may be of strategic importance, inter alia, for the evaluation of the most economically advantageous tender [33]. The award criteria are one of the key issues both under Directive 2014/24 / EU and the Polish public procurement regulation, where emphasis is placed on non-price criteria for evaluating offers and giving priority to the concept of "best value for money". As indicated in the preamble to Directive 2014/24 / EU, "the decision to award a contract should not, however, be based solely on non-cost criteria. The qualitative criteria should therefore be supplemented by a cost criterion which, at the discretion of the contracting authority, could be either a price or a cost-effectiveness approach, such as life-cycle costing ”(cf. recitals 90 and 92 of the preamble to Directive 2014/24 / EU). The cost-effectiveness approach should be understood here as internal costs related directly to a given contract as external costs, understood e.g. as costs related to the environmental impact of a given contract, including factors other than price that will affect the total value of a given contract, both from the point of view of the contracting authority as the beneficiaries of the contract, which can be included in the cash value. As an example of such an approach, Art. 67 sec. 2 of Directive 2014/24 / EU points directly to the life cycle cost calculation. Following the regulation resulting from the provisions of Directive 2014/24 / EU on the basis of the provisions of Art. 242 of subsequent Public Procurement Laws are indicated on the criteria of selecting the most advantageous offer based on the quality criterion and the price or cost criterion. The quality criteria that may be applied by the awarding entity may refer to quality, understood as technical parameters, social aspects, environmental aspects, including energy efficiency of the subject of the contract, innovative aspects; organization, professional qualifications and the experience of persons designated to perform the contract, if they may have a significant impact on the quality of the contract performance, after-sales service, technical support, delivery conditions such as the date, method or time of delivery, and the period of implementation. draw attention to the possibility of applying qualitative criteria for selecting the offer related to innovative, environmental and professional qualifications as well as the experience of persons designated to perform the contract. The above-mentioned qualitative criteria are purely exemplary, and their catalog under the provisions of the Act is open. This means that the contracting authority may apply other quality criteria, provided that they are bound by the subject of the contract will not refer to the properties of the contractor itself, in particular its economic, technical or financial credibility. Importantly, one of the criteria for selecting the best offer may be the cost criterion based on the cost-effectiveness method, i.e. life cycle costing. According to Art. 245 Public Procurement Law, it may cover, to an appropriate extent, some or all costs incurred during the life cycle of construction works. In particular, these may be costs incurred by the contracting authority or other users throughout the project's "life", e.g. costs of use, energy consumption and other resources as well as costs attributed to environmental externalities, i.e. the costs of greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants and other related to climate change mitigation. criteria for evaluation of offers on the basis of public procurement clearly indicated that the preferred offer selection criterion preferred by awarding entities is the price. [Public Procurement Office, Report on tender evaluation criteria - the impact of changes introduced by amendments to the Public Procurement Law on August 29, 2014 and on June 22, 2016 on the use of non-price criteria for offers in public procurement procedures, Warsaw, May 2017]. Only the legislative changes introduced in the 2014 Act, and then, in connection with the implementation of Directive 2014/24 / EU, in 2016, resulted in limitations in the use of the price criterion as the only criterion for evaluation of offers or a criterion weighing more than 60% [currently Art. 246 paragraph. 2 of the PPL] made it possible to popularize the application of non-price criteria. Before the change in the law in 2014, the price criterion - the only criterion for evaluating tenders was approx. 76% of tenders for construction works with a value above the EU thresholds, after the change of law, this percentage was only 15% in 2015, and after the amendment in 2016 r. 10%. As it results from the statistics indicated in the above-mentioned In the report, procuring entities “willingly” use criteria other than price - which results, however, not so much from noticing the benefits of the diversification of tender evaluation criteria, but from the obligation imposed by the provisions of the Act. The same statistics also show that despite the wide range of evaluation criteria that may be used, the most commonly used are "simple" criteria such as "order fulfillment time", warranty terms or conditions and payment terms. The spread of BIM will require greater emphasis on application non-price criteria linked to BIM as a procurement element or cost criterion that the use of BIM can optimize, especially in terms of project life cycle costs. As indicated above, the provisions of the Public Procurement Law oblige the awarding entities to apply non-price criteria. Nevertheless, the current practice of applying non-price criteria for evaluating tenders indicates that the use of simple criteria mentioned above is preferable. Moreover, in the practice of awarding contracts, the application of non-price criteria, i.e. shortening the performance period (with the minimum period specified by the contracting authority) or extending the warranty period (with the maximum date indicated by the contracting authority), leads to a situation in which all contractors declare similar deadlines, and thus themselves receive the same score under the evaluation criteria. Consequently, the only criterion which determines the selection of the offer is the price. At first stage of implementation BIM REKOMENDOWANE PREPARATION IS POLICY PROJECT purchases under the Public Procurement Law, which will define the OBLIGATION TO USE METHODOLOGY BIM WINWESTYCJACH PUBLICZNYCH O SZACUNKOWEJ VALUES PRZEKRACZAJĄCEJ 10 MILIONÓW EURO IMPLEMENTED BY THE GOVERNMENT, as well as tools EGZEKWOWANIAI PROMOTE THE USE OF METHODOLOGY BIM. DODATKOWO COMMITMENT IS RECOMMENDED FOR USE non-price contracting CRITERIA EVALUATION OF BIM INSECTS OFFERS A MINIMUM OF 20%. SECOND STAGE THE OBLIGATION TO APPLY THE BIM W INVESTMENT METHODOLOGY WITH AN ESTIMATED VALUE EXCEEDING 10 MILLION EUROS WILL BE APPLIED TO ALL PUBLISHERS. ULTIMATELY, THE OBLIGATION TO APPLY THE BIM METHODOLOGY WILL BE APPLIED TO ALL PUBLIC ORDERERS, REGARDLESS OF THE VALUE OF THE INVESTMENT. Such legislative activities, as well as the determination of the maximum price criterion (60%), should bring a positive effect in the dissemination of BIM-related criteria. As a rule, the catalog of non-price criteria is an open catalog, and within its framework, procuring entities independently select the type and weight of the non-price criterion. As practice shows, the criteria related to the experience of the staff also dominate in the procedures for awarding public contracts with the use of BIM. In order to diversify the criteria related to BIM, consideration should be given to identifying applicable criteria by promoting good practice model documents. Alternatively, you should also consider legislative changes using the regulation implementing words specified in Art. 244 Pzp. Pursuant to the aforementioned provision, the minister responsible for economy specifies, by way of a regulation, criteria for evaluating tenders other than the price, which are applicable to certain types of contracts, and the manner of describing and evaluating these criteria. BIM-based procurement, e.g. in the context of use as a cost evaluation criterion, including life cycle costs.

5.3.2.1 PIR / OIR / EIR / AIR 93

The abbreviations indicated in the title mean lists of structured information required by the contracting authority in the field of project information (PIR - Project Information Requirements), organizational information (OIR - Organization Information Requirements), the method of information exchange (EIR - Exchange Information Requirements) or future resource (AIR - Asset Information Requirements). They are written down by the ordering party and passed on to the executive team as information requirements throughout the investment period. The scope of information for each of the above forms of requirements is described in the text of the PN-EN ISO 19650 series of standards, and more precisely elaborated in another part of this project. All these sets of information are linked in a uniform system with both digital investment products in the BIM methodology: PIM (Project Information Model) and AIM (Asset Information Model). Their mutual dependence is illustrated by the following graphic, developed on the basis of the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard:

Figure 24: List of information requirements for the investment process in the BIM methodology [94]

The information requirements of the participants of the investment process do not arise only on the part of the ordering party. The PLQ (Plain Language Questions) tool is a method by which the contractor can obtain answers from the contracting authority in order to formulate its own organizational (OIR) and project (PIR) requirements. Only then are the complete requirements processed into OIR, PIRiAIR for the entire investment. Tools are also created that record all these documents in the form of the online portal content, allowing for the control of compliance of the investment procedure with the resulting initial conditions (SHIFT95). Investment process in the BIM methodology. is a cooperative process, it is characterized by both top-down ("pull") and bottom-up ("push") actions to create an atmosphere of transparency, conducive to building trust and generating commitment of the entire Integrated Team.

5.3.2.2 PIM - Project Information Model

It is the final digital information product in the design phase, used in the investment process to build the resource. PIM is a complete set of information collected during the design phase, supplemented with data from workshop models of subcontractors and suppliers and the (general) contractor's own contribution, therefore, it is an IT resource rich in collected data for each investment. PIM is still the basis for AIM, i.e. cleared of unnecessary information from the resource supply phase, and enriched with operational data of the model intended to manage the built resource during its operation. The form of PIM provided to the contracting authority is a geometry model in the IFC format suggested in global BIM strategies (e.g. Czech) with alphanumeric information, or integrated with geometry, or, which is another development bus, separated in order to manage it separately without the need to deal with geometric data . In addition, there may be additional forms of data in the form of video files or material samples in accordance with the specification of information types from the PN-EN ISO series19650 standard, stored in the CDE platform of a given investment. The degree of saturation with PIM information according to LOD reaches the As-Built level (as-built documentation), i.e. - depending on the design arrangements - LOD 500 or LOD 600 (more about LOD in the section: Classifications, point 5.8.2.3.)

5.3.2.3 MIDP / TIDP

These are plans for providing information on the part of the contractor regarding the stages of the design and execution process, saved as a schedule of the Master Information Delivery Plan and plans of individual tasks (Task Information Delivery Plan). These requirements should be undertaken both by the entire Integrated Team and by Task Teams. The method of organizing the Integrated Team and task teams and the possibilities of their visualization are discussed in the chapter on Lean - point 5.7.2. General MIDP plan and TIDP task plans should be coordinated with the set of LastPlanner®System schedules due to the better adaptation of Lean plans to the execution capabilities of task teams on the one hand, but on the other hand. parties in terms of timely control of the entire investment, for which MIDP is responsible. At best, MIDP becomes the Master Plan of the ecosystem Lean.Jest this action integrating processes, another of the four pillars integracjimetodyki BIM.OD CREATION, IROZPOCZĘCIA ACCEPT THE RIGHT TO COMPLETION MIDPZACZYNA PROCESS FLOW INTEGRATED PRACYWMETODYCE, APLANY TIDPSĄ ITERACJAMI.ICH HIS CONDITION IS CLOSE COOPERATION WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL PARTICIPANTS, NAJLEPIEJWKOLOKACJI, CZYLIWJEDNYM ROOM, IT IS A LOCATION THAT IS A LOCATION, ALSO AND IN ACTUAL TIME, CURRENT INVESTMENT TASKS ARE SOLVED. The division into traditional phases of a construction investment gives way to the sequence of providing information about the created resource with regular transmission of partial effects in the form of the so-called Data Drops96, whether it is in the design or construction phase. This corresponds to the type of work in Agile methodology (more about Agile in the section devoted to Lean - point 5.7.2.8). The Data Drops schedule should be proposed by the contractor in a contractual BIM Performance Plan (BEP) based on the client's expected information sets for specific purposes. Organization at the executive level is a bottom-up method of meeting the imposed top-down requirements, thus leading to the understanding of the tasks to be performed. This is the only way to create a common ground, integrating all sides of the processes. In the BIM strategy for Germany, such integration is called convergence (focusing the interests of targets in the form of a common information plane), and the proper exchange of information itself can ensure the involvement of teams and gain their trust.

5.3.2.4 Pre-contract BEP (BIM Execution Plan)

The pre-contract BIM Performance Plan (pre-contract BEP) is the first contribution of the contracting team (design + construction work) to meet the contracting authority's requirements, included in the SWZ with BIM conditions (the previous British name is EIR - Employer's Information Requirements - the contracting authority's requirements, currently adopted in this form) for different designation by BIM standards from the ISO 19650 series) and BIM Protocol. Templates of such documents are the subject of another part of this study ("Construction investment management in the BIM methodology - proposal of document templates").

5.3.2.5 Risk Register - the risk register

It is the optimal form of managing investment risks in contracts, not only integrated ones. The risk register is created as a tabular electronic catalog with the participation of all parties to the investment, thus it is a complete list of possible threats, recorded from all possible perspectives. It is also a formulation of ISO standards dealing with risk threats, which is indicated in section 5.3.1. Co-operational nature of contracts in BIM investments it is also able to ensure collective risk management under shared responsibility. The condition of success is an appropriate contractual environment, because only in the form of a shared, economic interest may there be a willingness to cooperate closely in removing the resulting threats.

5.3.2.6 Automation and prefabrication

The economic goal of digitizing construction processes is to automate products similar to manufacturing processes in industry. There are two methods of implementing this assumption: • prefabrication - a method that is available in the construction industry in Poland already, but not yet to the extent that it is possible; The People's Republic of China: The need to automate construction processes has resulted in a strictly fabricated design method to avoid loss of manufacturing processes in construction, a method called DfMA (Design for Manufacture and Assembly) 97, which is design for production and assembly. It consists in simplifying the design of the components of complex systems so that they can be easily produced and then assembled into the created building object. Thus, it is one of the Lean Manufacturing tools. While the DfMA method is implemented around the world, Asian countries, especially Singapore, (Hong Kong or Malaysia) have advanced the automation of construction even more. In Singapore, an automation method called PPVC (Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction) 98 has been developed, consisting in prefabricating and equipping elements that are entire office or residential units. It is based primarily on strict modularity. The graphic below shows the 3 phases of PPVC from Hong Kong development: the factory-cast element phase, then the installation-equipped construction element and the finishing phase, before transport to the construction site. One of the difficulties in such cases is the need to adapt to transport regulations. of such large-format elements to the place of assembly.

Figure 25: Three stages of prefabrication of a PPVC large-space element (HongKong) [34]

In Singapore, this is the standard method for the build processes and the requirements set by the regulations require a minimum level of 65% of PPVC for the residential buildings to be erected. The time savings expected in this way are presented in the graphic presentation of the representative of the Singapore Institute of Technology. The first red bar represents the traditional approach to building the facility, the second - represents the PPVC approach

Figure 26: Comparing the duration of a traditional process with the process using PPVC elements. [35]

The graphic below shows an apartment prepared for production in the PPVC method

Figure 27: Example of a digital model of modularized, prefabricated and finished large-space parts of an apartment for subsequent assembly. [34]

Figure 28: Apartment block model detailing the parts prepared on site and prefabricated as PPVC (marked in blue). [35]

This Road Map recommends the fastest possible implementation of similar automation processes in the Polish construction industry in order to reduce losses and accelerate the stage of creating and delivering the investment resource.

5.3.2.7 Training

The cyclical training sessions will be the most advanced of all training courses for the BIM methodology due to the high integration of the human factor and interpersonal relations in the implementation of the tasks of the design and execution phase. It is suggested to involve practitioners in construction investments with experience of integrated investments. In this phase, theorists are not the best training providers; the first training of this type should be conducted as a several-day workshop in order to familiarize all participants of the process with the elements of the BIM methodology at the very beginning of the investment

Figure 29: Operational phase - fourth matrix element for the investment time phases. Own study

5.4.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• PN-EN ISO 19650-3 standard on the management of the transferred resource (not yet published, under development). It is a future normative standard for the operational phase of construction or infrastructure investments using the BIM methodology in Poland; • A series of ISO 15686 (Building Construction - Service Life Planning) standards on resource planning, especially ISO 15686-4: 2014 (Part 4: Service Life Planning using Building Information Modeling to use BIM for this purpose, mentioning COBie99 as an alternative representation of tabular data for this purpose; • The series of ISO5500X standards on resource management methods of any type (the Polish version is expected as announced in the text of the standard) published since 2014 was not prepared for the BIM methodology. It was created on the basis of the British PAS 55 from 2004. In parallel with ISO 55000: 2014, another standard from this series was published - ISO 55001: 2014 - containing requirements for resource management systems. Another standard in the 5500X series (ISO 55002: 2018) contains the rules for the application of the 55001 standard, and in 2019 the ISO / TS 55010: 2019 standard was published with further improvements in resource management for financial and financial factors. It is not yet certain whether the ISO 5500X series will be included in the "BIM standards" package or whether resource management methods in the construction industry will be the subject of another in the ISO 19650 series. The ISO TC251 Technical Committee does not provide a binding answer100; • British standard BS 1192- 4, which was to evolve into ISO 19650-4, specifies the information format for asset management in the operational phase, the operational phase, as discussed in this chapter. It is a dataset called COBie (Construction Operations Building information exchange). Most likely, however, ISO 19650-4 will not be published in this form, because the COBie format is a subset of the data of another IFC format, which in turn has been a global standard for several years, so a repeated COBie standardization would not be justified; • ISO / ICE / IEEE standard 15288: 2015 (Systems and software engineering - System life-cycle processes) on the procedural framework for describing the life cycle of human-made systems, also as individual products or services provided by them, • ISO 3700X series of standards for Smart Cities.

2 Description

5.4.2.1 AIM - Asset Information Model

In parallel with the PIM model (although depending on the form and provisions of the contract), the contracting authority is provided with the resource model (AIM) for the operational and operational period. This model is cleared of unnecessary information gathered during the creation and delivery of the resource (capital phase). This is dealt with by the party that was given such a task in the contract. Currently, the most technologically mature procedure for creating an exploitation model consists of four basic steps: • Eliminating unnecessary information for resource management. This information includes supply chain management data during resource creation, logistic coordination, project data transfer schedules, and the management and subsequent dismantling of construction site elements • Supplementing the AIM model with Facility Management data. This includes information on the operating instructions for built-in freestanding equipment, dates of periodic inspections, expiration of warranty periods, information from the manufacturer, and other relevant data. Standards from the 19650 series define the creation of AIM already in the capital phase as an information model parallel to PIM (see section 5.3.2.1). In order to create AIM, the data of the design model are completed in the form of LOI text information, preferably separated from the geometry (see "decoupling", section 5.8.2.3.). • Supplementing the model with plug-ins for collecting information readings from all built-in sensors, cameras and other data generators in the physical resource; status regarding all embedded systems, device installations (see further point 5.4.2.3)

5.4.2.2 COBie (Construction Operations Building information exchange)

COBie is one of the forms of transferring sets of information about the delivered resource to its service life, generally known as XXXie. Other XXXies are e.g. SPARKie (information on electrical systems), HVACie (on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems), BAMie (on building automation systems), WSie (on water systems), LCie (on resource life cycle management), QTie (on data for take-offs) , etc. The most important of the above-mentioned format sets for usage management is the COBie data. They are a subset of the IFC format (called MVD - Model View Definition, i.e. a view of the data portion of the complete digital asset information model prepared for a specific purpose, in this case, exploitation management). Setting the correct options for exporting the design model to IFC will ensure proper transfer of COBie information for further resource management by the contracting authority. Specialized computer applications (both commercial and free) convert IFC models with COBie data into Excel files (or XML files imported into Excel). A characteristic feature of the COBie file, saved in the XLS (X) format, is the specific color of the columns with different types of information, there are four of them (the graphic below)

Figure 30: The appearance of the Excel file with COBie tables. Own study

The yellow and orange colors represent the necessary data drawn from BIM management software through the automatic key identification of internal database rows received as a result of system queries. This is data that designers and consultant engineers saved during the design process in the PIM model or when creating information for the AIM model. Information with a violet background is automatically generated by a computer program, green fields indicate optional data COBie consists of 19 tables in an Excel file, and their structure consists of three ranges (tables concerning design, executive and general data). The most important for operational information are the TypiKomponent tables. COBie data complete the tables that summarize all the information.

Figure 31: Structure of COBie information collected in 3 scopes and 19 tables 101

As mentioned in the introduction to this chapter, the COBie format is not directly standardized and is not translated into other languages, table descriptions remain in English. Nevertheless, its use on the Polish road to BIM is recommended in this Roadmap for the following reasons: • It is a subset (i.e. it is completely contained in the information structures) of the IFC format, which in turn is subject to ISO 16739-1: 2018 standardization; • It can be obtained from each application with export to the IFC format; • It is an open, non-commercial format; • There is no other ready and commonly used format, adapted to support operational data of a construction or infrastructure resource, created in the BIM

5.4.2.3 Digital Twins 102 103

It is a digital form of resource representation with the highest degree of technological development. Digital Twin and a physical twin enable both resource management from anywhere on earth, and processing of all kinds of information, including the so-called Big Data104, a stream of unstructured data flowing from the elements of the resource equipment continuously for 24 hours a day. The digital twin in combination with the distributed processing technology (Distributed Ledger Technology - a chapter on cybersecurity) are an integral part of the Polish Road Map for BIM in order to ensure the security of the vulnerable data flowing in both directions between a physical object and its digital counterpart. Examples of current Digital Twin applications are such highly technological environments as airport airplanes (Dutch Schiphol105 or American La Guardia106). Information can come from sensors of equipment elements, electrical network receivers, embedded installation and environmental systems, communication and transport infrastructure of CCTV systems and any other sources of information about the types of listed in standard 19650-1. Digital Twins even require a constant flow of information. Managing this data is a comprehensive process based on ICT security (cybersecurity). For digital twins, there are also Lean rules, i.e. loss reduction and lean management.Digital Twin resembles a digital, spatial design model, equipped with many interfaces for accepting information streams both from its own environment, as well as through network links with the entire Internet of Things (Internet of Things). It is therefore an intelligent object that is also subject to the evolution of machine learning. There are four levels of development of digital twins: • Pre-Digital Twin: a digital system model with extensive technology and technical risk management capabilities, but with no physical counterpart, not capable of obtaining data from the physical environment or machine learning at any level (system-environmental operators); • Digital Twin: digital the equivalent of a physical twin, acquiring information from its physical counterpart, monitoring its operational status, technical health and updating it, but not having the possibility of machine learning; • Adaptive Digital Twin: digital equivalent of fphysical twin, having an adaptive interface, unlike Digital Twin having the ability to update the physical counterpart in real time and the ability to machine learning at the operator level • Intelligent Digital Twin: additionally having the ability to machine learning at all levels. The graphic below shows the evolutionary maturation process ofrelationships between both twins.

Figure 32: The phases in the evolution of the digital twin

Digital Twins are subject to constant development, at the same time entailing the evolution of the quality of physical resources and their mutual relations. This process systematically utilizes newly emerging technologies, and strategically fits in with the idea of ​​Smart Cities, where in digitized urban quarters, intelligent objects remain in various types on different levels of mutual technological relations. In the meantime, suggestions were made to change the name of the twin to "Digital Twinning" to emphasize its dynamic characteristics108. ).

5.4.2.4 Resource Life-Cycle Assessment

Estimating the costs of the Life Cycle of resources should be effective from the very beginning of the investment, i.e. from the MacroBIM phase. Operating costs in combination with personnel costs of the facility operating phase constitute the overwhelming majority of capital expenditure. During the resource creation and delivery process, you can only calculate the operating costs of the resource itself. Personnel costs will be included in the contracting authority's operational and business strategy. The graphic below summarizes the economic effects of the entire life cycle of the resource (30-40 years) in construction investments, sequentially for the following scopes (assuming 100% operating costs and resource management in this period): • Project (2%); • Construction implementation (20%); • Operation and management (100%); • Operating costs (4,000%); • Assumed business profits (5,000% +)

Figure 33: Asset lifecycle cost statement. [36]

Therefore, the key activity for the stage of creating and delivering a resource is to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the expenditure on exploitation, because this is the capital phase that is influenced by. All activities related to the monitoring of the Target Cost during the creation and delivery of the resource also contain decisions that will determine the economic phase of resource management. The Target Value Design with its decisions based on the greatest benefit (CbA) is the best tool for this purpose, provided that the future operating expenditure of the asset is included in the analyzed activities. Saving at the cost of reducing the functionality of TVD will create many unknowns for the future of the resource, also affecting its operating costs. Using technologically advanced Digital Twins with lean management based on Lean principles is an extension of the Target Value Design methods to the operational phase of the resource and a more common direction in the world. for the future of resources in the construction industry.All investment phases for the contracting authority's business model for the entire life cycle of the asset can be written in the form of a sequence in accordance with the CDE stages according to the graphics from the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard. It remains an open question whether the CDE environment will be used by the contracting authority in the operational and operational phase, or whether it ends its functionality with the transfer of the ready resource according to the 19650-1 / 2 standards

Figure 34: Summary of digital capital phase environment with extension to operational phase. 109

The BIM Level 3 specification for open information exchange (IFC-IFD-IDM) from the Bew-Richards wedge fragment was adopted as the basis for this course, according to which the target state is to work together on open, editable formats in one "cloud" environment or its another future form. Also, the involution of the IFC format follows this direction, and the KEY is the SECURITY OF SAVED INFORMATION FOR THE WHOLE LIFE CYCLE OF A RESOURCE BY NORMING ITS PHYSICAL FORM BY THE ISO STANDARD

Figure 35: Fragment of the Bew-Richards wedge graphic showing the highest level of BIM development. [37]

5.4.2.5 Digital Built Poland

The Polish strategic document for activities until 2030 was developed by the Ministry of Administration and Digitization and adopted by a resolution of the Council of Ministers in February 2013. This document is called "Long-term National Development Strategy. Poland 2030. The Third Wave of Modernity "110 in Chapter 4, Objective 5 describes the directions of creating a Digital Poland. The document recommends the following long-term activities for building a digital society: • supporting investments in broadband infrastructure in order to ensure universal, high-quality access to the Internet, building digital competences and implementing universal digital education • ensuring the supply of high-quality content available on the web; • creating favorable legal conditions for the development of the electronic services market; • collecting, storing, securing and sharing traditional resources' data in electronic form. the document is the basis for the concept of digitizing the entire territory of Poland, as was adopted by the British strategic document Digital Built Britain [2]. In the continuation of the strategy in the coming years, it is recommended to indicate a coherent system, digitally managed by authorized entities, taking into account other possible areas for the needs of Digital Poland and further implementation guidelines. Another strategic document "Strategy for responsible development until 2020 (with a perspective until 2030)" [38] was adopted by a resolution of the Council of Ministers in February 2017. This study was a continuation of the Responsible Development Plan adopted in February 2016 by the Council of Ministers, the strategic guidelines of which of twelve inter-ministerial teams were approved in July 2016 by the Coordination Committee for Development Policy. the digitization strategy, which is based on the guidelines of the previous study, but supplemented with several aspects important for the success of the implementation of the BIM methodology (the graphics come from the document in question): • Cybersecurity as part of building the information society;

Power industry (Smartgrid) In 2015, the demand for energy amounted to 13.5 billion tons of oil equivalent (in 2000 it was 10 billion tons) Over 81% of energy was produced from coal, oil and gas Use of Smart Grid technology - improvement of energy flow between producers and consumers Energy Usage Examples • Measurement of power quality • Read customer meters • Energy tariff switching • Home appliances control • Fraud detection.

Figure 36: The energy part of the strategy. [38]

Transport and logisticsTransport and logistics (Intelligent Transport Systems) Intelligent logistics centers which, thanks to the use of IT technologies, allow access to information in real time, enable analysis and processing of information, remembered by the participants of the supply chain, for example, the UPS RFID network. safety in road traffic (reduction of the number of accidents by an average of 60%) • Reduction of travel time and energy consumption (by nearly 60%) • Reduction of combustion emissions by an average of 40% Improvement of travel comfort and traffic conditions • Reduction of road fleet management costs • Reduction of costs related to maintenance, renovation of the surface • Increased economic benefits in the region.

Figure 37: The Transport Logistics Part of the Strategy. [38]

• Smart cities, buildings and vehicles Smart cities buildings and vehicles Smart cities combines the intelligent use of modern technologies and innovative systems with potential institutions and research centers living in companies Smart buildings enabling remote temperature control, ventilation with building lighting, RTV / household appliances and monitoring the safety and use of utilities Examples of use • Monitoring air pollution • Implementation the idea of ​​intelligent buildings • Implementation of intelligent vehicles • Support for disabled people • Generating warnings against natural disasters

Figure 38: Part of the strategy on smart cities, buildings and vehicles. [38]

This study does not take into account the digitalisation guidelines that are essential for a complete picture of multidimensional digital Poland, such as geospatial elements, ground and underground infrastructure of active water reservoirs. The European Union has allocated funds for strategic studies for the years 2021-2027111. Due to the fact that the Polish general strategy (2014-2020) is about to end the scope of its effectiveness, and the long-term (2030) defines in a general way the direction of digitization, it is recommended to apply for co-financing for the continuation of this project with a proposal of specific actions in all of the above-mentioned ranges. In order to prepare the market for comprehensive activities in the construction industry, it is recommended to develop a strategic document, limited to the task of bringing about the digitization of the entire territory of Poland. In this way, activities could be focused and directed for better efficiency. The above-mentioned Integrated State Informatization Program, adopted in 2014 and updated every few years, is a step in the right direction. As the target form of digitized parts of Poland in this way, it is advisable to use the intelligent functionality of machine learning, which has the advanced evolutionary level of Digital Twins, placed on the Internet. For example, the UK's CDDB (Center for Digital Built Britain) from the University of Cambridge has developed a strategy for using the Digital Twins called "The Gemini Principles" [39] with a recommendation to create a digital twin for the whole of Great Britain, consisting of smaller Twins.

5.4.2.6 Training

The industry most involved in the operational phase of investments is the broadly understood Facility Management (resource management) and these specialists should receive any training in this direction. This training should also include elements of Lean, especially the principles of lean management of loss reduction ("muda"), as well as the principles of Lean Six Sigma112 in operational processes. These trainings will be supplemented in the future by instructions on how to use the rich functionalities of Digital Twins. An alternative would be to outsource resource management to external economic operators that will take advantage of this emerging long-term market segment.

Figure 39: Technology - first matrix element in the substantive range. Own study

5.5.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• The current direction of BIM standardization for Poland is a series of standards called PN-EN ISO 19650. It is a series of publications containing a structured (first in Great Britain) and then standardized world standard for investing in integrated BIM methodology; • From the computer software side, the ISO 16739 normative standard -1: 2018 is an open information exchange format called IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) 113 and the related BCF (BIM Collaboration Format) iCityGML, which is an implementation of GML (Geography Markup Language - ISO TC211 and OGC) for the handling of geospatial information. Worldwide BIM implementation strategies (UK, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden etc.) rely on IFC as the primary format for information exchange. As part of the CityGMLz BIM integration (until a common information format for BIMigospace is created in the next version of IFC 5), a BIM overlay for CityGML called "GeoBIM" [40] was developed; • ISO / IEC 21823 - (Internet of Things (IoT) - Interoperability for internet of things systems) concerning the Internet of Things: ISO / IEC 21823-1: 2019 (Part 1: Framework), ISO / IEC 21823-2 (Part 2: Transport interoperability) - under development; standard ISO / IEC 30141: 2018 (Internet of Things (IoT) - Reference Architecture).

5.5.2 Description

The technological factor has the richest literature from all the elements present in this project. It consists of both strategic studies and recommendations, as well as already developed standards, in force in individual countries, as well as their communities, such as the European Union. It also includes all documents that have already been developed in Poland for normative or standardization purposes, are currently being developed or will appear in the near future. The basic element of technology, whether analogue or digital, is information. Its current and announced future forms are listed and analyzed in the following sections.

5.5.2.1 Information structuring

Figure 40: The Bew-Richards Wedge, a major component of the UK BIM implementation strategy. 114

As can be seen from the above graphic of the British "wedge", the evolution of BIM is heading towards the management of design, construction and operational processes as a whole. This should be understood as working on files, CAD drawings or even BIM models, but managing the information base about a given investment for the entire period of its existence and operation, i.e. a process related to data, with information (data-driven). There are several types of information gathering and storage: • Unstructured, i.e. chaotic - data as it flows in is deposited at its recipient in any way, without a specific storage structure. Selecting the necessary information from this set is a very demanding task: • Partially structured, object-oriented - there are protocols for data recording, based on object-oriented programming (JSON, XML, Python and other higher object-oriented programming languages, such as Java). The data is collected here in the types of objects and their instances (copies of these objects created for this purpose). The required information is obtained through programming interfaces, the so-called API (Application Programming Interface) • Structured - higher level of data storage, e.g. using simple relations or schemas enriched with semantic queries (such as Triplestore) or other multimodel (such as graphs with their relations, nodes, and label attributes), generally called relational databases. Information is called from them by system queries, such as SQL (Structured Query Language) 115 • Personalized - a comprehensive method of storing information from dedicated, controlled data sets for a specific purpose (eg Digital Twins - see section 5.4.2.3). Currently, we are dealing with a constantly increasing stream of information generated in the world, accumulating in the real-time reading of the so-called Big Data. Information is monitored live here and obtained from a digital object, which is a true digital copy of the real counterpart. An example of the use of a personalized method of data storage can be digital twins of Tesla electric cars116, created individually for each manufactured vehicle, used for remote monitoring and possible modification of its current state at every moment of operation.

5.5.2.2 Evaluation of existing information

On the one hand, there is a tendency to structure information, but on the other hand, there is an up-to-date information stream in everyday life and in the economy, which belongs to all four types mentioned in section 5.5.2.1 and it should be assumed that this state of affairs will persist for some time. ISO standard for BIM 19650- 1: 2019 in point 4 Asset and project information, perspectives and collaborative working, subsection 4.1 of the Principle emphasizes the existence of unstructured information (e.g. documents, video or audio recordings) in the PIM (project model in the capital phase) and AIM (resource model for the operational phase) models. The current technological state of managing all types of information, including completely raw information, such as the soil samples mentioned later in the Standard and unstructured products. The future, however, is the standard for all types of information. This is a conservative suggestion of the standard, but taking into account analog data, but which should be changed in accordance with the information management progressive maturity diagram for Level 3 presented in the Standard. In search of an efficient flexible system for evaluating data of any type, especially information from real-time sensors, data for machine learning , information analysis from relational databases or support for artificial intelligence and virtual augmented reality (AI / VR / AR), various concepts appear around the world. The most promising model seems to be the so-called Lakehouse117 - graphic below - representing the logical evolution of information management. The first step was the so-called Data Warehouse, i.e. a data analysis reporting system, which is the basis of business intelligence. However, it was not optimized to handle unstructured data such as audio, video or text files, typical for e.g. the development of artificial intelligence (AI). To fill this gap, a combination of many Data Warehouses was used with the model of the newly created concept of Data Lake (data lake - data repository system in natural formats, such as blobs or files of any format) and systems for streaming, graph databases for images. The result was not optimal as it slowed down the flow of information. The Lakehouse concept emerged from the data lake as an antidote to the shortcomings of a synthesis of the above systems for comprehensive information handling of all types.

Figure 41: Evolution of digital information formats and ways of managing them. 118

5.5.2.3 Standardized information

The standardization of information that has already been structured is standardization. The general principle of creating a standard for any economic field is to first structure the resources / data / format / form of information as possible, and after the period of satisfactory functioning of the created structure on the market, a standardization document is developed. In each country, this is done primarily by the regulatory bodies. In Poland, it is the Polish Committee for Standardization (PKN) with its executive structures (Technical Committees), and in the world it is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), responsible for most of the world's standards in the form of ISO standards (approx. 17,000). Standardized information for the methodology. BIM has been published as a series of PN-EN ISO 19650 standards described in points 5.3.1 and 5.4.1). In the chapter on Lean of this document (point 5.7), the methods of organizing the contractor in construction are indicated, which are equivalent to the normative requirements, but from the bottom-up ("push") side. These methods visualize and synchronize activities in line with the principles of Convergence, a common management plane for the resulting information about the subject of investment.

5.5.2.4 Big Data

According to the chart from 2015 from upriser.com, referring to the Gordon Moore rule119, the amount of information in the world will double every two years over the next decade120, and for the following years, the increase is estimated not linear, arithmetic, but geometric. Managing this data stream, which grows from year to year, requires no longer individual actions, but a comprehensive approach. A set of tools for handling this stream, flowing continuously and with an ever greater intensity, are many existing and developing technologies: • IoT (Internet of Things - Internet of Things) - a new definition of the network Internet, greater data throughput is based on new processing technologies. Its mass and integrated application in the economy is assumed; • Cloud Computing - existing solutions for central, non-local and remote data processing. intelligent filtering gateways; • Distributed Ledger Technology (See section 5.6.2.3) - distributing information processing processes across multiple network devices, using their calculation power and increasing data security by dispersing their control centers; • 5G network - a new network technology wireless with increased frequency and intensity, conducive to handling a larger stream of information. Its functionality is to be guaranteed by a new satellite network. Is also the source of much controversy regarding its alleged health effects. In Poland, its tests and first trials are currently underway. Big Data is one of the types of information used in investment processes in construction, which is listed in the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard. Thus, in a strategic document such as this one, it is assumed that tools will be prepared to handle this type of information using the above-mentioned technologies. The Blockchain distributed processing (DLT) tool (5.6) is discussed in more detail in the cybersecurity matrix element.

5.5.2.5 Use of open standards and formats

Information in integrated processes also uses computer programs to generate information and anonymise. There are two types of computer file formats. The first is the so-called native formats, specific to individual software developers, generally technologically reserved, and rarely compatible with native formats of other manufacturers. The second type of information format is the so-called Open format, available to any user, also in the form of source code. For the BIM methodology, in the mid-90s of the last century, in cooperation with many companies, the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) format was developed, based on the older STEP format. Both are based on the ISO standard (16739 and 10303, respectively) and thus constitute a safe form of information generation and exchange. or errors in the design and implementation phase. The advantage of open formats is their lightness, resulting in small dimensions of model files, carrying information about the designed resource. The IFC format, developed and certified for computer applications by the not-for-profit buildingSMARTInternational organization, is a guarantee of meeting another requirement of integrated processes: the so-called interoperability. The English term "interoperability" means lossless cooperation in the exchange of information between any computer software certified for IFC import and / or export. At the end of April 2020, buildingSMART International announced in its roadmap [41] the creation of a new open format called IDS (Information Delivery Specification). This format, in the form of machine-readable data sets from the model, is intended to define the information requirements and the manner in which their exchange is to take place.

5.5.2.6 CDE (Common Data Environment)

The principles of creating a digital environment for the investment procedure are set out in the first two parts of the PN-EN ISO 19650 standard. The CDE assurance function is assigned to the contracting authority, but the standard enables both the contractor and a separate entity to fulfill this function. In this case, this entity must become part of the Integrated Team, with all its rights and obligations. CDE is a digital environment for carrying out the investment in its creation and resource delivery phase. It is not required yet at the MacroBIM stage, but since the principal entity responsible for CDE delivery is the contracting authority (although it is also possible for the contractor and even third parties to deliver and service CDE), the earlier it appears in the investment process, the better. on the basis of access roles, it includes at least the functions of a project information repository and a communication platform. Additional functionalities are possible, such as comparing model files and the possibility of electronic (and other) orders, depending on the price model, usually monthly or annual leases for individuals or groups. The CDE topic is described in more detail in another part of this project ("Construction investment management in BIM methodology - proposal document templates ").

5.5.2.7 Technological support, workshops

Another function, but current and valid for all elements of this strategy matrix, is the continuous support in the form of adequate training courses. BIM has a chance to be fully implemented when participants of construction processes at all levels learn the technological, normative and social principles of integrated processes. For this purpose, it is recommended to conduct cyclical trainings, also during investments in the BIM methodology. There are many entities in Poland that train participants of integrated processes specializing in the openBIM methodology (i.e. based on IFC, BCF or COBie formats standardized by ISO).

Figure 42: Cybersecurity - The second element of the matrix on the merits. Own study

5.6.1 The legal and normative ecosystem

• Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46 / EC (general regulation on data protection); of May 10, 2018 on the protection of personal data (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1781) 122; • Act of July 5, 2018 on the national cybersecurity system (Journal of Laws of 2018, item 1560) [42]. The proposed amendments concern the introduction of a more secure than the traditional system of single servers distributed processing technology (DLT), already used by global, but also Polish public entities; • Act of February 4, 1994 on copyright and related rights (Journal of Laws of 2019, No. 24, item 1231) 123 • PN-EN ISO 19650-5 standard on the security of information management: "Security-minded approach to information management" (publication as a Polish standard announced by PKN). In a letter to the presidents and secretaries of the national ISO organizations of November 6, 2017, ISO General Secretary Sergio Mujica presented the technology committee action plan for IEC, ITU and ISO standards, including research on the introduction of DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) to the standards related to data security and identification management124; • A series of ISO / IEC 2700X (Information security management systems) standards on information security (approx. 50 documents); • PwC report from 2018, "Cyber-roulette in Polish. Why do companies count on luck when fighting cybercriminals ”[43]. This report is a real look at the application of digital security principles applied by Polish economic entities.

5.6.2 Description

Cybersecurity is closely related to digital technology. This is a factor that should be specified for any steps towards the evolution of integration in construction processes. It is not so much about the elements of computer software packages supporting BIM processes, but their technological foundation, especially the directions of its development (ICT - Information and Communication Technologies). It is generally known that computer software for creating, analyzing and managing in the technological sphere of BIM methodology is not yet perfect. However, they are subject to constant development, using the latest technologies appearing on the market. The same strategic actions of implementing BIM on the Polish market in the form of a Road Map should provide opportunities for technological development, supporting integrated processes.

5.6.2.1 GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

The nature of the data transferred in BIM - including personal data (including authors of project studies, identification of people using CDE platforms, etc.), it is necessary to comply with generally applicable laws, including the GDPR Regulation.

5.6.2.2 Copyright

The provisions of the Act on Copyright and Related Rights of February 4, 1994 (see section 5.6.1) very broadly define an object that is subject to protection under the above-mentioned the law. Pursuant to Art. 1 clause 1 of the Act, the subject of copyright is any manifestation of creative activity of an individual nature, determined in any form, regardless of the value and purpose, or the manner of expression, i.e. a work. In art. 1 clause 2 above the Act indicates the works subject to protection, which include, inter alia, works expressed with graphic signs, or architectural, architectural, urban and urban works. Importantly, the catalog of works that are the subject of copyright, as defined in Art. 1 clause 2 is exemplary and open, which means that a work to be protected may, in principle, be any manifestation of creative activity. Similarly, derivative works will also be protected, including compilations of other people's works and collections, e.g. in the form of a database. In the context of BIM, the aforementioned definition of a "set" as a database fulfilling the features of a work may be of particular importance. As a rule, the issues related to the use of BIMaproduction of project documentation in digital form in the context of copyright protection will be analogous to the classic preparation of a project in an analog (paper) form. Thus, the parties to the investment process will have to ensure, inter alia for the transfer of proprietary copyrights to individual parts of the work or for granting a license to use the work in specific fields of use, as well as for authorizing the parties to the contract to exercise personal rights. Due to the similarities, the analogies between the design documentation prepared in the BIM model and the classic documentation, the current regulations on copyright and industrial property rights do not stand in the way of using BIM in Poland. PrCorrect definition of the obligations of the parties related to the transfer of copyright or the granting of a license will be of a contractual nature and should be reflected in the provisions of the contract. Copyright is one of the oldest legislative forms in the package related to the implemented BIM, but not necessarily properly applied in investment contracts in construction. There are two main aspects to these rights: • The personal rights of authors are non-transferable and belong to the authors as natural persons. These rights extend up to 70 years after the creator's death and may be enforced by their heirs in the form provided for in the act. Any other interpretations are inconsistent with the text of the act, art. 58 par. 1 of the Civil Code declares a legal act inconsistent with the act invalid, • Property rights are subject to any agreements, however, it is necessary to specify in them for what period they are to apply. It cannot be the indefinite use of the created works by other entities. When it comes to the right to works in BIM processes (mainly projects, especially files with the model of solutions for a given industry), the IFC format in the current, certified IFC2x3 form is obligatory in providing project resources for public investment is non-editable (MVD CV 2.0 - Model View Definition - Coordination View 2.0) 125 and provides all copyrights of the creator. When IFC4 certification is as common as it is currently for IFC2x3 and the format is established as a new standard, a strict distinction must be made between: industries to create your own industry models) • IFC4 MVD RV (non-editable Reference View) as a format required for resource delivery (for the Published stage, i.e. work completed and transferred to the common CDE repository, available to all participants in the process according to access roles). Native formats, due to their editable nature, do not guarantee any protection of copyright.

5.6.2.3 DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) - technology of distributed processing

The latest (although existing since 2008) significant global achievement in this field is the technology of distributed ledger called Blockchain126. It is based on the concept of decentralization of the internet, as is known today, i.e. based on a certain number of physical servers that process and forward the information received. Blockchain assumes the transfer of all information processing power to electronic devices on the network, not necessarily even computers or smartphones, but devices with significant processor power. All transactions are broken down into blocks and parceled out on devices on the network - hence the Blockchain blockchain. In order to be able to modify an already existing transaction for any purpose, be it financial or otherwise, all blocks distributed in the network would have to be modified, which practically does not seem possible. Each modification adds a new timecode with a new identifier to the block, and the block is removed from the blockchain for a given transaction, as it thus becomes another foreign entity. All transactions are visible online to all online users, but only as global timecode identifiers, without disclosing any details of these operations. The Santander financial graph below shows the difference between financial transaction processes in a centralized and distributed ledger system 127

Figure 43: The difference between the traditional centralized information processing process and the use of a distributed system for this purpose. 128

A more visual representation of the details of the data distribution process in a distributed system is shown below. The third (top right) and fourth (bottom left) parts of the process show the block publication and subsequent verification (approval) on the network. This way, another link is added to the blockchain with closely related transaction identification codes (the new transaction receives the code reference of the previous link in the block

Figure 44: Flowchart of inserting an information block into a distributed system 129

The level of security of Blockchain-based applications also corresponds much better than traditional internet security to the current GDPR requirements and data protection issues important in construction processes, accumulated in long design, construction and operation processes, particularly sensitive in public contracts financed by taxpayers. Big Data information flowing in a continuous stream and in both directions from a digital twin to a physical equivalent in technological facilities of national strategic importance (airports, energy). Therefore, the recommendation to use DLT technology has become a component of the Road Map for Poland. The advantages of this safer data processing are appreciated not only by users who "dig" new cryptocurrency objects in the processes of sharing the power of processors, but also local and state governments. Below are examples of the use of distributed processing technology in public administration130: • fighting corruption (Singapore); • citizen payments (UK); • accounting (UK, Dubai, US states Delaware and Vermont); • contracts (US states Delaware and Vermont); registration (Estonia) • public safety, supply network (Australia) • real estate trade (Sweden) • voting systems (Denmark, Ukraine) • land titles (USA Georgia). The advantages of this development have also been noticed in Poland. The Polish Credit Information Bureau (BIK S.A.) announced in May 2018 that it would place the registers of customer accounts of Polish banks that are BIK shareholders in the blockchain environment, as in the first country in the world131. Cooperating in this respect with BIK, the Billon capital group obtained in 2019 a license from the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) to conduct operations on electronic currency (e-money) throughout the EU132. The Blockchain functionality covers an increasingly wider range of the market in the world, in addition to secure information exchange over the network, secure remote management of resources and their sensitive data in IoT (Internet of Things - Internet of Things) and secure online payments, as well as the functionality of the so-called Smart Contracts133, i.e. computer verification of contract data in civil law contracts.

5.6.2.4 Training as a service

Periodic training for business and public entities should be carried out as a commercial service by external cybersecurity specialists with the participation of local IT specialists of the company. Such training, in addition to the analysis of data protection methods, should also include test digital intrusions for the practical testing of the entire digital security system in a given company or institution. The form of services should entail the responsibility of the training entity for the proposed in a specific case improvements in the field of cybersecurity and for maintaining confidentiality in relation to the entire information secured during the service, not only sensitive information. According to the PwC report from 2018, the need for such services is universal

Figure 45: Lean - the third element of the matrix in terms of merit, also means bottom-up processes. Own study

5.7.1 The legal and normative ecosystem

There is neither a normative nor a legislative basis for the ecosystem. Lean methods do work though. More and more branches of the economy of many countries around the world introduce this system to their processes, despite many critical attitudes towards the lack of measurable criteria for the effectiveness of the Lean methodology, detailed descriptions of data collection and evaluations, or documented case studies; is published in London 2013 by the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) "Implementing Lean in construction. Lean construction and BIM ”[44]. It is one of a series of documents (CIRIA Lean guides, No. 725), dealing with the implementation of Lean methods in various branches of the economy. There are also other documents of this type; • In order for Lean tools to be fully used to monitor the cost of living of investment resources (especially TVD - Target Value Design, described in section 5.7.2.12) for Polish public investments, it is necessary to correctly define the methods of calculating these costs. The existing tool for this purpose - the Regulation of the Minister of Investment and Development of 11 July 2018 on the method of calculating the life cycle costs of buildings and the method of presenting information about these costs (Journal of Laws 2018, item 1357) 134 requires amendment to clarify the methodology of calculation and guidance on how to provide information on these costs. • The amendment should include: 1. Extending the list of proposed elements of the facilities to all resource-relevant life-cycle costs (especially teletechnical systems, CCTV, building automation, sensors for digital twins), 2. Using examples to illustrate requirements, 3 Presenting a realistic methods of calculating these costs, and not e.g. the range of usage cycles 1-10 (or 1-15) for unspecified 'other' elements, 4 Defining the methods of presenting these costs (e.g. graphically, graphically, tabularly), as in the title of the regulation.

2 Description

The term "Lean Construction" first appeared in 1992 (Lauri Koskela135). The critical point of Lean thinking is value concentration: “Often however, value creation is seen as equal to cost reduction. This represents a common yet critical shortcoming of the understanding of lean. "136137 Over the years, Lean Construction has been understood as a toolkit and practice aimed at reducing losses and introducing a production control method called Last Planner®System into construction processes, as it is considered a collection of concepts, principles of tools based on the literature on TPS (Toyota Production System), such as pull planning, defect source analysis and many others. However, there are no established strategies or normative documents in Japanese sources, hence the aforementioned lack of Lean standardization. Lean Construction is an adaptation of the Lean tools method, already used in industry under the names Lean Industry or Lean Manufacturing (Lean Thinking + Industry 4.0). An additional contribution are several methods specially designed for the construction industry by the Lean Construction Institute138 and proposed with a new name. Many scientific studies also propose a new version of the name, enriched with sustainable experiences: SLC (Sustainable Lean Construction) 139. Lean Construction is one of the methods of managing construction processes, and from others (such as PMBOK140, PRINCE2141 or Simultaneous Management) it is distinguished by greater dynamics, leaner bureaucracy and a holistic (holistic) approach, hence its increasing popularity. Characteristics of the Lean Construction methodology are presented in the table below:

Table 7. Characteristics of the Lean Construction methodology, ie Lean in construction. [45]

Lean Construction is based on production theories Adapts the TFV (Transformation - Flow - Value) model and Lean Thinking Treats construction as unique projects, on-site production and temporary multi-organization Integrates the "planning management" approach with the "organization management" approach Promotes work structuring and production planning systems Promotes production planning focuses on work flow stabilization Treats project management as a reduction of randomness Assumes that in practice some randomities are caused by improper order and wrong decisions Assumes that randomness can be managed focuses on reducing variables before starting production (execution)

Adaptation of Lean tools, based on the philosophy of the Toyota Production System (TPS), is progressing in the construction industry around the world, this development should not be underestimated. Additionally, one of the lean tools called PDCA has already been found by Dr.to the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard, and the so-called "Continual improvement", underpinning the Kaizen Lean method of constantly improving operations, procedural steps and entire processes, PDCA is gradually being recognized as the basis of any process management method (Kevin W.Knight - "ISO 3100: 2009; ISO / IEC 31010 & ISO Guide 73: 2009, International Standards for the Management of Risk ”) [46]. The graphic below comes from the above-mentioned presentation.

Figure 46: Flow chart of the PDCA (Plan - Do - Check - Adjust) cycle as the basis of management systems. [46]

The foundations of the necessary aspects of the Lean methodology in production processes are: • Early integration of all participants in the process; • Collocation in one place (big room); • Technological support; • Visualization of the idea of ​​the process. Lean for the construction industry includes the following tools discussed further in this document: • Visual labeling and visual workshop 5S work (point 5.7.2.1 and 5.7.2.2); • Value stream mapping (point 5.7.2.3); • Strategy A3 (point 5.7.2.4); • Elimination of 8 sources of losses - Japanese "muda" (point 5.7.2.5) • PDCA strategy (point 5.7.2.6) • 5xWhy? (paragraph 5.7.2.7); • AgileiScrum elements (paragraphs 5.7.2.8 and 5.7.2.9); • Fish bone diagram (paragraph 5.7.2.10); • Target Value Design (paragraph 5.7.2.12); • Choosing by Advantages (paragraph 5.7 2.11) • Last Planner®System (section 5.7.2.13). The last three tools have been prepared especially for construction processes, and the last one has even received a registration mark reserved by the Lean Construction Institute. In the Polish construction industry, several factors can be identified that hinder the full application of the Lean methodology, e.g. procedural and contractual factors; • cultural and behavioral factors; • separation of design / contracting processes; • lack of support from high-level management; • lack of focus of the executive team on quality for the contracting authority and the value of the process. Assume that as the implementation of the BIM methodology progresses, it will also become easier to implement Lean (BIM is sometimes presented as one of the Lean elements) in the process of information exchange and professional improvement required by the integrated methodology. Nevertheless, consistent education of all construction entities at all levels of their involvement in the implementation processes should become a permanent requirement. The goal is to change the awareness of investment processing from the traditional approach to full co-operation integration. This is a difficult task, because it requires a change of experimentality and is the largest unknown in investment processes in construction, as in any type of action in societies. The functionality enabled by the Lean tools developed especially for construction (Target Value Design, Choosing by Advantages and Last Planner® System) is the best "bottom-up" response to the series of standards PN-EN ISO 19650 and other standards "top-down" requirements for integrated processes. It will facilitate the convergence of both directions of activities in order to better cooperation and mutual understanding through a complete visualization of the entire design and implementation process

5.7.2.1 Visual labeling

It consists in labeling the places where tools are available in the workplace with a short description. This activity aims to create a bridge between the mental model of work and its reality, to illustrate the physical "What?" And to facilitate the task "How to do?" In addition, it helps to create the impression of obviousness and elimination of ambiguities, enabling quick decision-making, also by colleagues.

5.7.2.2 5S (visual workshop)

5S is a way of organizing your own workshop, which consists in starting work every day knowing where the sorted tools are located and at the same time making this knowledge available to other colleagues. The system consists of 5 activities whose names start with the letter "S", also in Polish (hence the name of the tool): • Sorting of objects at the workplace; • Systematic - finding places for these objects (+ labeling from the previous tool); • Cleaning - daily storage of these objects; • Standardization - establishing these activities a daily rule; • Self-discipline - maintenance this order. •

5.7.2.3 Value Stream Mapping

• It is one of the most important tools for improving production processes. It consists in analyzing defective procedures and finding the correct steps for them to remove negative effects. This process consists of 7 activities: • Identification of a defective factor in the production process; • Definition and saving of all related items and entities. actions collecting feedback from all actors • Development of a new procedure eliminate this defect • New FlowChart with record of differences between both procedures. In some BIM and Lean studies, it is recommended to establish a Value Stream Mapping Manager role for construction projects to analyze procedures, correct malfunctions, and implement new and improved flows. It is a good method of bottom-up control of BIM processes, described top-down in standardization documents. Below is a graphic of an exemplary scheme of investment processes in construction, drawn using the VSM mapping symbols (presented in section 5.2.2.1). Electronic tools exist for this purpose, but the analog use of boards or even sheets of paper on the wall with post-it notes on the elements of the process is also widely used.

Figure 47: Electronic use of Value Stream Mapping symbols to create a diagram of construction processes to correct them. [47]

5.7.2.4 Strategy A3

It consists in writing down the entire company's strategy with action plans on one A3 sheet (hence its name). The A3 strategy can also be written for a specific activity or task, not only for global directions of development, its application is universal. It consists of several points:

Definition of the direction of the company's development; • Definition of the distance that separates the company from the achievement of the goal; • Establishing intermediate goals to reduce this distance; • Definition of activities for the implementation of intermediate goals

5.7.2.5 Elimination of eight sources of losses (Japanese "Muda")

The basic tool in the Toyota Production System strategy and the essence of the entire Lean direction: REDUCTION OF LOSSES IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES. Other goals were added to the original strategy in later years. The processes include 8 types of losses: • Overproduction - e.g. the involvement of many teams in the development of concepts / offers for procedures introduced under open tenders; • Stocks - e.g. overstating the demand for materials (execution stage) due to the adopted safety factors and / or loss indicators (inadequate to the actual needs); • Quality defects - e.g. project collisions, inconsistencies between industry projects, introducing design changes at the investment implementation stage at the expense of the quality of the final product (to obtain savings); • Unnecessary traffic - e.g. lack of work coordination carried out by various entities / contractors (duplication of the same activities by different contractors), lack of structured data storage models and file naming systems (project documentation), the need to search binders and / or directories for relevant information (including their revision); • Redundant fish oil sport - e.g. no detailed planning of delivery logistics (e.g. planning delivery schedules in relation to the maximum load capacity of vehicles in order to optimize the number of journeys); • Repetition, excessive processing - e.g. an extensive chain of approvals, e.g. reports, documentation; • Waiting - e.g. excessive bureaucracy (waiting for a decision or approval), planning and logistics (waiting for the delivery of materials for construction) • Human potential - eg insufficient use of human potential. Failure to use employees' unique skills or knowledge. Failure to take into account the ideas and suggestions of employees in improving the loss reduction processes.

5.7.2.6 PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Adjust / Act) Strategy - Plan-Do-Check-Adjust

The most popular tool from the Lean palette is present in the everyday practice of process management, as well as in the text of the BIM standards from the ISO 19650 series. It is one of the best methods of implementing and testing procedures in executive processes independently of the business sector. . As an example: both the British PAS 55 management standard and the ISO 5500X series of standards derived from it were written as one page summary views in PDCA format in the South African university study "Correlating the content and context of PAS 55 with the ISO 55000 series" [48]

Figure 48: ISO 5500X inorm series diagram shown as one page in the PDCA method record. [48]

The components of PDCA are: • P (Plan) - identification of the problem analysis; • D (Do) - definition of the solution and its introduction; • C (Check) - checking the implementation of the results (feedback); • A (Adjust, sometimes also known as Act) - correction the proposed solution creating a standard from it.

5.7.2.7 5xWhy? (5xWhy?)

Although it resembles a series of questions asked by children, it is a recognized professional tool for analyzing how to get to the essence of a defect in processes. It is based on an iterative interrogation technique using the phrase "Why?". Most often, the answer to the fifth question reveals the source of the defect. The effects (responses) are recorded either as a fishbone diagram (Fish bone Diagram - see also point 5.7.2.10) or in tabular form. 5xWhy question system? was developed by Toyota's chief engineer, Taiichi Ohno.

5.7.2.8 Agile

It is not a typical Lean tool, but due to its effectiveness and similar features, it can be considered close to Lean. Agile was created in response to the management systemsPMBOKiPRINCE2, which have been on the market for a long time, which are, however, relatively rigid and bureaucratic methods of conducting production processes. Agil e is particularly suited to processes that can be unpredictable, such as in the construction industry, but also works well in continuous work procedures. The system comes from the production of computer programs (software development). Agile breaks down larger projects into small, manageable chunks called iterations (with repeatability in time loops). The system groups all participants in the process to generate the greatest value for the client through cost control, quality and procedural transparency. The guarantee of success is open communication, dedicated teams and good planning. The Agile system has several characteristics that constitute its essence: • Collaboration; • Intensive exchange of knowledge; • Teamwork - teamwork; that focuses on waste reduction) • Early approval of design solutions • Production and delivery of partial contents (iterations) of the product.

5.7.2.9 Scrum

Derivative system Agile (also derived from software programming), which consists in project management by dividing the process into short ranges, called sprints, to which Lean methods such as PDCA are applied. The difference from the usual, continuous, linear production process, referred to as a waterfall (waterfall or cascade process), consists in introducing sub-processes for easier management of them for obtaining specific results in the form of completed stages of creating the final product / resource.

5.7.2.10 Fishbone diagram

A tool known from production processes around the world. The diagram was created by the Japanese management theorist Kaoru Ishikawa142. It visually shows the sources of defects in the form of a cause-and-effect system of the main and side causes of defects leading to the analyzed defect (presented in the form of a fish head.

Figure 49: Fishbone diagram. Own study based on 143

The root cause analysis begins with finding the effect (defect) down to its causes, covering all possible causes of the defect. There are 5 main categories of environmental causes and determinants (known as 5M + E): Manpower, Methods, Machinery, Materials, Management and the Environment.

5.7.2.11 Choosing by Advantages (CbA) - Choosing by Highest Benefit

It is a method of making decisions based on the criterion of the greatest possible benefits. A characteristic of this management system, derived from the work of Jim Suhr144, is a structured method of decision-making. The decision is based on the importance of its benefits and it is made using tools such as A3 strategy analysis and Integrated Team feedback. In this system, decisions are furthermore documented for future reference. The CbA tool has several process steps that are applied in a loop (see graphic below): • Identifying alternative proposals • Defining factors • Criteria definition: "we need this / we want it" for each factor • Description of the attributes of each alternative • Identify the benefits of each option • Decide on the importance of each benefit • Evaluate the cost. This tool is optimally used for alternative analysis in another Lean tool: Target Value Design, described in the next section.

Figure 50: The cyclical decision-making process based on the highest value 145

5.7.2.12 Target Value Design (designing for Target Cost)

It is, in addition to Last Planner®System, one of the two most important Lean tools, developed specifically for the construction industry. It is used to monitor the Target Cost (see the MacroBIM phase - point 5.2) in the form of selecting the best alternative solutions for the entire life cycle cost of the investment, when there is a need to make adjustments to the inflow of funds from the investment budget pool. This is the case e.g. in cases where for some reason it is necessary to use a more expensive solution in one place - then the task is to find the optimal cheaper solution in another place. The responsibility is the Target Cost with its incentive cushion, so also the interest of each member of the Core Group. TVD differs in this from Value Engineering, which is common on Polish construction sites (looking for the cheapest rorelated, mainly in favor of the general contractor, usually to share the surplus with the contracting authority) that decisions are qualified, made jointly with each group member using the Validation Tool Selecting the Highest Benefit (CbA), and the solution is selected from a pool of options acceptable to all . In the event of a clear objection by the contracting authority, it may be necessary to revise the Target Cost. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE APPLICATION OF TARGET VALUE DESIGN IS THE CONSTANT PRESENCE OF ALL PARTICIPANTS OF THE BASIC GROUP IN THE TIME OF TRANSFER. It is a process different from the so-called author's supervision, when individuals appear sporadically and periodically on the construction site for coordination meetings or to resolve identified anomalies. Changing the financing of processes in the BIM methodology must also take into account the expenditure on this cooperation, which is aimed at optimizing design solutions and thus saving the client the costs of operating the investment resource in the future. TVD is an ongoing process and consists of 3 main parts, the condition is a defined Target Cost and a formed team from the decision-making Core Group: • Identification of the element / system causing the cost increase; • Commonly adopted definition of the solution based on possible alternative options (using the CbA tool) and its introduction • Check the implementation of the results with further cost analysis. Budget monitoring assumes both quick (ad hoc) and thorough control of cost runoff. • TVD is therefore a costing tool by continuously monitoring the actual cost of an investment. The difference between traditional costing (each time after the stages of the Schematic Design, Design Documentation and Executive Documentation) and the TVD system is visually presented in the graphic below. TVD is only possible with actual, not only declared, transparency of the design and processes

Figure 51: Comparing the Application of Costing to a Traditional Process Using Target Value Design 146

The second task of designers at the Target Value Design cooperation stage is to update the AIM 147 model (adjusting IFC exports of industry models to the state consistent with the physical condition of the facility). The AIM model, in addition to the resource itself, is the main goal of the task of creating and delivering a resource according to PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019

5.7.2.13 Last Planner® System

Apart from TVD, it is the most important Lean tool for construction processes. Its basis is a Lean tool for production called Project Scheduling (PS), which provides a system of schedules for execution processes with different granularity of time. The goal is to develop cooperation and teamwork for the "win-win" model (everyone wins). The Project Scheduling set of schedules includes: • Master Schedule - the main investment plan; • Six-Week Schedule - a 6-week plan, which is a retrospective review for the introduction of new tasks; • Weekly Schedule - a specific action plan for a given week; • Weekly Scorecard - a weekly report upon completion of each weekly plan; • Separate review of continuous improvement (CI - Continuous Improvement - the term also appears in the text of the BIM- PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019 standard, point 5.2 of the standard text). Based on the above schedule system, the Last Planner® system was created, created especially for the construction industry by specialists from the Lean Construction Institute. LP®S schedules can be used as a tool for the implementation of TIDP and general MIDP task plans, as they visually and clearly introduce task executive teams into investment activities. The system of plans includes: • MASTER SCHEDULE - the main investment implementation plan, as in the Project Scheduling system - this corresponds to the general schedule of the construction investment MIDP - Master Information Delivery Plan (PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019 standard, point 5.4.5 of the standard text )

PHASE PULL PLANNING - this is a division of the Master plan into 12-16 week phases, monitoring the implementation of tasks in the PDCA method, using this time interval to check the functionality of solutions before they become a standard; • SIX WEEK LOOK AHEAD - a 6-week plan (constituting sub-division of the Phase Pull plan), undertaken with obtaining a written promise of achievements by executive teams • WEEKLY WORK PLANS - specific implementation of the pledges of the 6-week plan for each week, monitored using the PPC table (PercentPromisesCompleted), i.e. the percentage of the promises made. Each weekly plan is set up in the form of one rigid, adjustable table in the construction office (there are a total of 6 for the entire 6-week plan, standing next to each other) with a vertical division into individual days. In the fields of days, members of task teams indicate (most often using post-it notes) tasks to be performed and completed - similar to a visual task assigning Scrum tasks (it is also a form of recording tasks required for TIDP - Task Information Delivery Plan, PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019 standard, point 5.4.4 of the standard text). This way of visualizing activities on boards divided into time intervals is called the Kanban method148, and it was developed by Toyota in the 1940s. For the next new 6-week plan, the boards of the previous plan are removed into the archive (or archived in some other way, e.g. digital) so that the construction office always has 6 for the current 6-week plan. It is the best method of bottom-up organization of "push" to implement the requirements of the BIM standard, included in the series of PN-EN ISO 19650 standards (treated as "pull"); • DAILY HUDDLES - these are meetings before and / or at the end of the workday with a summary of the tasks THE MOST IMPORTANT ADVANTAGE OF THE LAST PLANNER® SYSTEM IS THE METHOD OF PREPARING TASKS FOR PERFORMANCE. IT IS BASED ON COOPERATIVE PLANNING, ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF TASKS AND COLLECTING REALISTIC WORKING. LAST PLANNER®SYSTEM IS NOT A PROCESS WHICH WOULD DIFFER ESPECIALLY DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL IMPLEMENTATION STAGES IN CONSTRUCTION, IT'S ESSENCE IS IT HOWEVER, IN THE WAY, AS PROCESSED AND DEVELOPED TASKS ARE DEVELOPED. In the case of failure to keep the promises, the use of e.g. the Lean 5xWhy? Tool can easily lead to the detection of the cause of permanent elimination of the defect through its registration. Weekly Work Plans: • Should have a well-defined full weekly scope of work with all required tools and resources; • All anticipated difficulties should be previously identified and removed in a cooperative process; executive task force The graphic below summarizes all types of tool schedules with a list of the types of commitments associated with their implementation.

Figure 52: Graphical listing of all Last Planner®System for Production Control schedule types (full method name). [49]

The list in this chapter does not exhaust all Lean tools, but the most important of them are presented. In general, the Lean system should be introduced from the very beginning, after the formation of the decision-making Core Group (A + B in the graphic below), the extended Integrated Team (A + B + C) and the appointment of task teams. These tasks and their structure also correspond to the BIM standards (series ISO 19650) methods of structuring the organization of the entire investment (graphic from the text of the standard below). The goal is to create a harmony in the form of introducing an equivalent of a bottom-up organization for top-down requirements imposed by international, but already Polish, standards for BIM. In this way, it will be easiest to obtain the basis for the necessary cooperation of all participants in construction processes carried out in the BIM methodology.

Figure 53: Illustration of the structure of the Integrated Team 149

The comparison of the dependencies in Last Planner®System (graphic below) with the elements of the above graphics from the BIM standard in force in Poland shows great structural similarities. Both systems are compatible with each other, which will facilitate the integration of top-down actions with bottom-up for optimal results.

Figure 54: Illustration of the structure of an Integrated Team in the Lean methodology (Last Planner®). [50]

Thanks to its visualization and task scheduling capabilities, Last Planner®System also performs well in the design process. The condition is, however, the participation of all possible participants of the investment process in order to ensure the quality of the developed design solutions and adopted systems for the future resource. The process starts with the definition of milestones and then goes into finer granulation of tasks such as Weekly Work Plans in the implementation process. In the first phase, alternative options are jointly developed, which then in subsequent phases are subject to collective elimination (using the CbA tool) in order to eliminate the set of variables, and thus the associated uncertainty towards design solutions. For the operational phase, there are both universal Lean tools and the elimination method 8 sources of losses, such as specially developed tools for this purpose. One of them is a combination of the Six Sigma method, developed by Motorola150, and used to eliminate defects in manufactured elements, with Lean methods, which eliminate other defects in the processes. This tool is called Lean Six Sigmaima in order to enable lossless resource management and servicing processes.

5.7.2.14 Training

• Lean methods should be applied start with an introductory workshop. It is recommended to combine a Lean workshop with an initiating BIM workshop lasting several days at the beginning of investment processes, in order to create harmony in the activities of top-down organization, imposed by the standards, with the bottom-up organization resulting from self-organization and integration of the executive entity. This will allow you to start cooperation and gain mutual trust,

Figure 55: Classification (LOG / LOI) - the fourth element of the matrix in terms of merit. Own study

5.8.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• Act of September 11, 2019, Public Procurement Law (Journal of Laws 2019, item 2019) 151, with particular emphasis on Art. 101-103 relating to the preparation of the description of the subject of the contract, min. for construction works, including by reference to Polish Standards transposing European standards and international standards • ISO 6707-1: 2017 (Buildings and civil engineering works - Vocabulary - Part 1: General terms) - this is a dictionary of terminology relating to construction and engineering facilities; ISO 12006 series of standards (Organization of information about a building structure): ISO 12006-2: 2015 (Part 2: Framework for classification, Polish version of PN-EN ISO 12006-2: 2005) - in addition to ISO / IEC 81246-2 and ISO 81346 standards 12 one of the three main standards on which classification systems in construction are based for the BIM methodology; PN-EN ISO 12006-3: 2016 (Part 3: Object-oriented data schema) which is responsible for standardizing data exchange dictionaries such as IFD (International Framework for Dictionaries) and its further implementation of bSDD (buildingSMART Data Dictionary); • ISO 704: 2009 (Terminology work - Principles and methods) - the basis for the revision of the ISO / IEC 81346-2 standard from 2019; • Series of standards ISO / IEC 81346 (Sys industrial subjects, installations, industrial equipment and products. Structuring rules and reference markings): ISO / IEC 81346-1: 2009 (Part 1: Basic rules); PN-EN IEC 81346-2: 2019 (Classification of objects, class codes) - the second of the three standards on which construction classification systems for BIM are based; ISO / TS 81346-3: 2012 (Part 3: Application rules for a reference designation system); ISO 81346-12: 2018 (Part 12: Constructi on works and building services) - Part 12 of the 81346 series of standards, which includes whole technological systems used in construction, as opposed to part 2 concerning elements of construction components, the third base standard for classification systems; • Regulations for the construction industry, containing a reference to the CPV152 dictionary when referring to the construction classification system, including: Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of May 18, 2004 on the determination of the method and basis for drawing up the investor's cost estimate, calculating the planned costs of design works and the planned costs of construction works specified in the functional and operational program (Journal of Laws No. 130, item 1389) 153; Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of September 2, 2004 on the detailed scope of the form of design documentation, technical specifications for execution and acceptance of construction works and the functional and operational program (Journal of Laws of 2013, item 1129) • Above. the ordinances constitute implementing acts issued pursuant to Art. 33 paragraph. 3 and art. 31. Paragraph 4 PZPU. In connection with the entry into force, on January 1, 2021, of the New PZPU, the above-mentioned the ordinance should be replaced by similar executive provisions issued on the basis of statutory delegation under Art. art. 34 sec. 2 of the New PZPU constituting the basis for determining, by way of a regulation, the method and basis for preparing the investor's cost estimate and calculating the planned costs of design works and planned costs of construction works specified in the functional and operational program, taking into account technical, technological and organizational data affecting the contract value and Article 103 para. 4 of the New PZPU - to define, by way of a regulation, the detailed scope of the design documentation, technical specifications for the execution and acceptance of construction works and the functional and operational program, taking into account the type of construction works, as well as the names of the Common Procurement Vocabulary. AT LEAST AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE COMMON PROCUREMENT VOCABULARY (CPV) TO THE LEGAL ACTS LISTED ABOVE, AND IT'S ALTERNATIVE IN THE FUTURE ALTERNATIVE; • A series of ISO 29481 standards (Building information models - Information delivery manual), both parts have already been issued as Polish standards PN-EN ISO 29481-1: 2017 (Part 1: Methodology and format) and PN-EN ISO 29481-2: 2012 (Part 2: Interaction framework). Both the above-mentioned ISO 12006-3 and ISO 29481 standards, together with the standard standardizing the IFC format (ISO 16739), form a dependency triangle for describing elements in construction objects created on machines, i.e. by computer. The following illustration from buildingSMART resources visualizes this concept, known as the "Three Pillars of Interoperability".

Figure 56: Structure of the format, dictionary and methods of information exchange in the Open BIM environment. 155

This relationship also includes the following two ISO standards (no. 23386 and 23387), which describe data templates for manufacturers / suppliers, and link everything to the basic standards for BIM from the ISO 19650 series. white paper (sponsored by: buildingSMART International, Cobuilder, GS1 and Construction Products Europe) by Digital Supply Chains in the Built Environment (DSCiBE), published in October 2019

Figure 57: Structure of the set of standards corresponding to the structure of the information standard in Open BIM. [51]

• Standard ISO 23386: 2020 (Building information modeling and other digital processes used in construction - Methodology to describe, author and maintain properties in interconnected data dictionaries) on the exchange of information about the digital version of an investment resource in construction between computer applications and digital formats, published in 2020; • Standard ISO / FDIS 23387 (Building information modeling (BIM) - Data templates for construction objects used in the life cycle of any built asset - Concepts and principles) on data templates for building elements used in the life cycle of resources - the standard is under development; The EU digitization development program Horizon 2020. As part of one of its parts for the development of ICT, the DigiPlace platform for the digitization of European construction (H2020-EU.2.1.1.) Is being created.

5.8.2 Description

5.8.2.1 Building classification

The classification systems for construction, including classification systems for BIM, are subject to standardization regulations. They can be divided into three groups according to their different characteristics. In each group, there are two classifications with an opposite approach [52]: Due to the use: -Analytical (systematics of physical phenomena that provides the basis for their explanation, prediction and understanding, based on the isolation of real objects or phenomena. An example is the classification of the Animal Kingdom, with orders, types, species, etc.); - Documentary. B. Due to the structure (the number of division rules applied at each level): - Enumerative, otherwise enumerating, monohierarchical classifications (offering comprehensive, closed catalogs of subclasses); - Faceted classifications, in other words: aspect or analytical-synthetic (poly-hierarchical). Due to the scope of application (the volume of the semantic field): - General, in other words: universal, refer to objects characterized by properties whose values ​​are general and not limited to one object or investment process. An example is the parts of a building: wall, ceiling etc; - Special, or specialized, focuses on specific areas / objects They apply to objects characterized by properties whose values ​​are limited to one object or investment process. An example of such a set of objects may be room numbers in a building. Colon Classification [52] allows only simple classes based on one division criterion, and for complex classes, syntheses of simple classes are used. This system has become a standard for all construction and infrastructure classifications in the world. There is a close connection between the classifications and identifications of objects and products on the one hand, and the hierarchical structure of the entire investment object in construction and its parts on the other. On the other hand, the structure of the hierarchical heritage of parameters underlies both the data transfer formats developed in the last decades in the BIM methodology (IFC, BCF) 156 and the degree of information saturation of modeled component objects. It can be said that it is a coherent and integrated system, corresponding to the degree of advancement of the investment process starting from the programming of the project, through the concept, design and execution, to the preparation of resources for use in the business process. The graphic below shows schematically the mentioned dependencies

Figure 58: Structure of IFC units in relation to the scopes of classification, identification and the area of ​​information use in the MacroBIM phase. 157

The black rectangles illustrate the principle of inheritance for units of the IFC format, which is the primary design data carrier for geometry, topology and any related textual data in the BIM methodology. The classification itself is a system that ends in the last step with no-name products (LOD 300 or 350wg BIMforum) , without identifying any producer or his product, which corresponds to the required nature of public procurement.

5.8.2.2 Identification of products

In order for the classification system to work in practice and be helpful for all participants in construction processes, its elements of re-representations should contain the complete code from the root of the classification tree (information about the project and its location) to specific model objects and their physical equivalents. The order codes for physical products (LOD 400 + for identification systems) should also provide information on exactly where in the building the product should be built in, based on the classification code from the design model (PIM) with an added identification code. Only then is the information complete, understandable and useful for everyone. participant in the investment process at any stage, including operational and operational phases. Various systems exist for product identification, e.g. the largest global reach is developed by the non-commercial GS1158. GS1 codes for products are specified by e.g. GTIN (Global Trade ItemNumber) or SGTIN (Serialized GTIN) for a series of products. In order for the GTIN code to be able to clearly identify the product purchased in the construction process to be incorporated into a physical object, it must be connected with the so-called Digital Link with the emproduct type (no-name) from the classification system in force in Poland. In order for the representation of a specific physical product to become part of the digital PIM model, and then AIM, and as a result of Digital Twin for remote service of a specific investment resource, the procedure assumes mapping information sets: • First, a given element of the model for which a specific product is to appear on the construction site should be mapped to the construction classification system based on the IFC class hierarchy - the classification levels correspond to the IFC inheritance levels - that is, a given element, created in the model by the designer, receives a construction classification code; • Since the classification code for this element is compatible with its IFC data, mapping to the bSDD format (this format is an implementation of the IFD format, based on the ISO 12006-3: 2007 standard) (see the list of standards at the beginning of the chapter) so that it is possible to relate to real products through a mapping matrix, which is the bSDD (buildingSMART Data Dictionary, created for buildingSMART by a Norwegian company Catenda). The mapping is done by combining both identifiers: for IFC and for bSDD. The identifiers are in the form of unique GUIDs (Global UniqueIDentifier) ​​and are called IfcGuid and IfdGuid, as bSDD belongs to the IFD set (ISO 12006-3); the possibility of "mapping" the product code, eg in the form of eg GTIN (when we are dealing with the GS1 standard) by assigning godo bSDD GUID. This way it is known where the product or material sent for construction is to be built in. The combination of these identifiers retains this information for the lifetime of the resource. BECAUSE THERE IS NO THIS CONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATION FOR PRODUCT CODE MAPPING IN POLAND, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE A SMOOTH DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN ​​PROCESS. ABOVE OPISANEODWZOROWANIA SĄTAKŻE NOT POSSIBLE, because there is tight integration ORDERED ON THE SQUARE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IPRODUKTÓW ZREPREZENTACJĄ MODEL PROJECT INVESTMENT media and thus ZFIZYCZNYM OR OBJECT OR ZJEGO DIGITAL TWIN (TWIN DIGITAL) FOR SUBSEQUENT, REMOTE OPERATION. Work on the international coordination of standardization of the supply chain in construction is carried out by several public and corporate entities (including GS1, CoBuilder, buildingSMART International, Norwegian public resource management agency Statsbygg, standardization organizations CENiISO and IBM, Siemens) within the DSCiBE (Digital Supply Chain in the Built Environment), established in March 2019 159. In September of the same year, the DigiPlace160 platform was created on the basis of the EU fund, the task of which is to develop a roadmap for the creation of a pan-European digital construction platform as part of ICT development in the Horizon 2020 program (H2020-EU.2.1.1.)

5.8.2.3 Element saturation levels with LOD information

As it results from section 5.8.2.1, the classification codes are related to the degree of saturation with information about objects, called LOD (Level of Development). This information is divided into: • LOG (Level of Geometry) - this is a modification of the original wording for 2D / 3Ditropological geometric information as another LOD (Level of Detail), the correction has been proposed in many documents around the world (incl. in Czech strategic studies, other German and Swiss studies) to avoid confusion between the two concepts LOD • LOI (Level of Information) - alphanumeric (text) information. The basic structure of saturating objects with information assumed five levels: • LOD 100 - corresponds to the conceptual, programmatic model; • LOD 200 - corresponds to the schematic design phase LOD 300 - corresponds to the retail (construction) design phase; • LOD 400 - corresponds to the detailed (technical) design phase • LOD 500 - Corresponds to the As-Built phase. Model elements, such as walls, ceilings, windows, doors, stairs, conduits, cable routes, air handling units, built-in or movable equipment, etc., do not appear in models from the LOD 100 level, but in the subsequent stages of the project appropriate for them. Hence, their modeling at all LOD levels is unnecessary - three (sometimes even two, without a schematic step) are enough, according to the following practical application for the required milestones of the model geometry (for the LOI text information stages, there may be additional divisions, proposals for "data dumps" (the so-called .Data Drops) are the scope of the other part of this project ("Construction investment management in BIM methodology - proposal of document templates"). • 1. Data Drop (for approval by the ordering party and for further negotiation of the Target Cost in the MacroBIM phase): information in solid models of the form or function (+ index costs) LOD 100 (without presenting any building elements except solids); • 2. Data Drop (for approval by the contracting authority): reduced information on the level of the schematic design of LOD 200 (schematic representation of only some of the building elements, important for the illustration of the functional and formal system diagram); • 3. Data Drop (for approval by the contracting authority): more detailed information on the level of the construction design LOD 300 (quality of the construction design with all construction elements required to be prepared for the office) • 4. Data Drop: detailed information on the technical design level of LOD 400 (quality of the technical design, maximum achievable accuracy of building elements in a digital model) • 5. Data Drop: the LOD 500 phase is completed by workshop models of factory producers in the so-called a complex model (federated model) in the IFC format, used to manage the execution at the site of the construction site • Recommended levels of saturation of the model with information are dictated by the following reasons: Modeling granulation are primarily design offices. In the face of the necessity to provide design models in regular iterations (the so-called Data Drops), it is unrealistic to change the accuracy of all elements of often complex models four times over the duration of the project. This can be wasteful for many design offices, especially smaller ones • The LOD 500 accuracy level can be achieved by combining an upgraded LOD 400 with the provided workshop models of manufacturers, suppliers, and manufacturers • There is no point in complicating the information management of the emerging resource. BIM methodology is so complex, you need to get rid of excess information. In the amendment to the Construction Law, planned for autumn 2020, both the construction project and the technical (executive) design are to be introduced as an official project, presented for approval or documentation of the investment phases in poviat construction authorities. The LOD 300 and LOD 400 levels will be able to be switched during the generation of documentation from the 3D model in a properly conducted design process to present a more schematic representation of the design idea in the construction project and more detailed information in the required technical design. In the meantime, there were attempts to introduce further granularities, such as LOD 150, LOD 350 or LOD 600 for the As-Built documentation phase, as well as shortening the names to LOD 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (for CityGML, the information format, used in infrastructure projects), but the main principle of the phasing of the investment development phase is still maintained. Currently, both types of information (LOGiLOI) are modeled by designers in the form of intelligent BIM objects in industry models. A questionable example of data recording is that the information does not generally need to have the same saturation level for a given site. BuildingSMART has proposed to completely separate these two types of information in order to better manage BIMinp data. adding alphanumeric information to geometric models from special repositories, based on the classification system (relational tables, such as: Attributes or Parameters). The accompanying benefit of such an additional classification element (in the form of an Attributes / Parameters table), which is absent, for example, in the British Uniclass 2015 classification, is the removal of additional levels for similar types of objects in order to record only the different attributes. Thus, the classification code for the "family" of elements is one and the same, and the difference is introduced by attributes, which simplifies the information system. Modern classifications for BIM retain the number of levels of the object class hierarchy in favor of using extensive repositories of their attributes. The comparative graphic below is taken from the 2019 TECHreport TR02 report of the Australian government and industrial not-for-profit organization Natspec [53].

Figure 59: Comparing a building classification system with a system based on the reduction of hierarchical levels in the BIM methodology. [53]

The way of managing the recording of separated geometric-text information has not yet been fully developed, but there are already applications that provide complete separation of these two types of data. The planned benefits of such a separation, called Decoupling161, are significant: • First of all, the size of the model files for cooperation, and a slight reduction; • This will facilitate early collaboration of many engineering entities (and the end user or future resource manager) nad modeling alphanumeric data for their own needs, while designers would work on the visual layer of geometry; it will facilitate the reuse of models and their parts in other similar projects in the future as library elements; simplify; • In accordance with the provisions of the procedures for providing information about the resource in the PN-EN ISO 19650-1 standard, the PIM (Project Information Model) will be used to create a model for resource management (AIM), cleaned from unnecessary ballast of both types of data created in the process of designing the implementation of the resource The process will become much easier due to the segregation of information. THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE ON WHICH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS FOR BIM, NOT ONLY CLASSIFICATION, IS FOLLOWING UNNECESSARY COMPLEXITY.

5.8.2.4 Building classification for Poland

There is no construction classification tailored to the needs of the BIM methodology in Poland. The existing classification catalogs do not comply with the hierarchical inheritance of classes and with the IFC format standard, which is the basis for all world classifications. The consequence of the lack of Polish classification is the lack of adequate systems for the systematization of construction works in official regulations for the construction industry. Currently, they contain a CPV dictionary, which serves different purposes than the hierarchical BIM classification for all elements in the created investment resource. Product Room of the Polish branch (the so-called chapter) of buildingSMART International, work is underway to select the best classification option, in line with the BIM methodology for the Polish market. The biggest challenge is that there are currently 3 ISO standard standards for classification systems (12006-2, 81346-2, 81346-12) and that none of them is optimal, because they lack a clear definition of the hierarchical structure. So the choice is not easy. For example, in the course of work on the classification for Sweden, two alternative options were proposed in 2016: one based on the standard 12006-2 with three levels of inheritance, and the other based on the standard 81346-2 with two levels [54]. The latter option was chosen, although the standard 81346-12 for comprehensive building systems was also considered. In the face of such doubts, the result of the classification work carried out in Poland by the bSPL is also not a foregone conclusion (as of spring 2020).

5.8.2.5 Training

Training in classification systems should be related to the basics of the information management system on LOD objects, but also with information about the stages of the investment process from programming and conceptualization to the resource exploitation phase. Therefore, practitioners of Integrated Processes in construction are recommended as training entities.

Figure 60: Ecology - the fifth element of the matrix in terms of merit. Own elaboration

5.9.1 Legal and normative ecosystem

• The Act of September 11, 2019, Public Procurement Law (Journal of Laws 2019, item 2019), with particular emphasis on the provisions relating to the principles of awarding public contracts, including Art. 17 sec. 1 point 2), i.e. awarding contracts in a manner ensuring the best procurement results, including social, environmental and economic effects; the contracting authority's requirements and the subject of the contract: Art. 101 paragraph. 1 point 1) (taking environmental aspects into account), Art. 102 paragraph. 1 point 1) (determination of environmental impact levels and climate), tender evaluation criteria: Art. 242 paragraph. 2 point 3) and 4) (qualitative criteria for evaluating tenders relating to environmental aspects, including energy efficiency of the subject of the contract and aspects of innovation); art. 245 (application of the cost criterion based on life cycle cost accounting covering some or all costs incurred during the life cycle of a product, service or construction works); • Act of October 3, 2008 on the provision of information on the environment and its protection, public participation in environmental protection and on environmental impact assessments (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 283) 162; • "National plan for climate energy for the years 2021-2030" (NECP) published in version 4.1. on December 18, 2019 by the Ministry of State Assets [55]

Figure 61: Legislative structure of the NECP program. [55]

• NECP was created in response to the Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2018/1999 of December 11, 2018 on the management of the energy union and climate action163; Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) ”(COM (2007) 723 final) 164; • Published on 28 November 2018. a communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank entitled "Clean Planet for All. A European long-term strategic vision for a prospering, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy "(COM (2018) 773 final) 165; • The European Commission communication published on 11 March 2020 to the European Parliament, the Council, the "A new EU action plan for the circular economy for a cleaner and more competitive Europe" with annex (COM (2020) 98 final) 166; • The basis for the above circular economy Plan (Circular Economy) is the communication published on 11 December 2019. European Commission to the same addressees called "The European Green Deal" (COM (2019) 640 final) [56], which is a strategic ecological road map for the whole of Europe; • Published on May 19, 2010 Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) (2010/31 / EU) 167; • Published on October 25, 2012. The European Parliament and the Council on energy efficiency, amendments to Directives 2009/125 / EC and 2010/30 / EU and repealing Directives 2004/8 / EC and 2006/32 / EC (EED) 2012/27 / EU) 168; • Standard ISO / DIS 22057 (Enabling use of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) at construction works level using building information modeling BIM), on the management of environmental product declarations EPD (environmental declaration based on the Product Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)). The document is being prepared; • MFCA (Material flow cost accounting) standards in the ISO 1400X series of standards: ISO 14001: 2015 (Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use), ISO 14051: 2011 (Environmental management - Material flow cost accounting - General framework ) and ISO 14052: 2017 (Environmental management - Material flow cost accounting - Guidance for practical implementation ina supply chain) On environmental and energy costs of materials.

5.9.2 Description

In recent years, environmental awareness has grown exponentially. Currently, passive measures initiated by governmental organizations and NGOs are not enough, active measures are needed not only in order to prevent, but even to save our environment. The second reason to adopt an ecological economy is the healthy need to be energy self-sufficient for ourselves and for future generations. At the same time, this would mean ensuring energy security in the event of possible ecological or man-made disasters. The ecological system already includes many initiatives, both global and domestic, but all of them are based on the care of the environment in which we live. green public procurement within which public institutions can obtain goods, services and robots construction with a lower environmental impact during their life cycle compared to goods, services and works of the same purpose as would otherwise be procured. As the European Commission points out: Green public procurement can provide public authorities with financial savings - especially taking into account the costs of the ordered products or services throughout their life cycle, and not only through the prism of the purchase price. For example, purchasing products that use low energy or water can help you reduce your utility bills significantly. Reducing the amount of hazardous substances in purchased products can reduce the costs of their disposal. Authorities that implement GPP will be better equipped to meet evolving environmental challenges as well as to meet political, binding targets for reducing CO2 emissions and increasing energy efficiency and in other areas of environmental policy. Green Public Procurement not only public entities, but private entities. Requiring potential contractors to meet specific environmental requirements will translate into the range of services they offer, and, consequently, the growth of ecological solutions on the market. Importantly, green procurement places great emphasis on including the entire life cycle of a given product, service or works in procurement costs, not just the cost of purchasing them. Such action, in turn, affects the more economical and efficient spending of public funds by entities that administer them, which is in line with the principles set out in the Public Finance Act. Directive 2012/27 / EU on energy efficiency is a clear example of instruments promoting pro-ecological solutions. As indicated in the preamble to the above-mentioned of the Directive (point 15): the public sector is an important driver of market transformation towards more energy-efficient products, buildings and services, as well as changing the energy consumption behavior of citizens and businesses. At the same time, Member States should ensure that public institutions purchase products, services and buildings with very good energy performance (Article 6 (1) of the above-mentioned directive). Importantly, Polish public procurement law regulates the possibility of taking into account environmental aspects at various stages of the procedure (as part of the description of the subject of the contract or tender evaluation criteria). However, the above provisions are regulated in a way that grants the contracting authority more rights than imposes real obligations on it. The most common non-binding instrument is GPP criteria (the so-called GPP criteria). They provide public institutions with requirements, conditions and criteria, as well as contractual provisions that can be directly introduced into the documentation of the conducted procedure. In Poland, GPP criteria have not been published at the national level so far, but the Public Procurement Office undertakes intensive activities aimed at promoting European guidelines. For many European countries, the GPP criteria are the starting point for the creation of national regulations aimed at contributing to more frequent consideration of environmental aspects by procuring entities. Creating a statutory obligation to take into account certain environmental requirements as part of public procurement is certainly an effective instrument for implementing green public procurement. However, each time the application of strict measures requires their proper preparation 170

5.9.2.1 Sustainability

The concept of sustainable development was first discussed extensively in the 1987 UN report "Our Common Future", known as the Brundtland Report [57] after the head of the WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) committee. The key to understanding this direction is social responsibility for all development activities in all areas of our lives. In the following years, many strategic underpinning documents were developed, which summarized factors influencing sustainable activities. The graphic below shows the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) pyramid, or corporate social responsibility, addressed to big business. The goal is to generate profits with the resources created, but also taking into account the other two effects of BIM processes: social and environmental. Paradoxically, the global economic crisis that began in 2007 and lasted for several years had a large impact on increasing awareness of both these types of responsibility.

Figure 62: Pyramid of corporate social responsibility CSR. 171

One of the studies systematizing all sustainability factors was the report of the British academy "A Complete Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability" (Piercy and Brammer 2012). They compiled a list of sustainability dimensions that were cited in another study, "Enablers for Sustainable Lean Construction in India" 172: • D1 - Environment; • D2 - Workforce; • D3 - Supply Chain; • D4 - Community; • D5 - Governance; • D6 - Quality Issues; • D7 - Contractual Arrangement - an additional dimension. Based on this matrix, PiercyiBrammer analyzed the factors in each of the 7 dimensions for diagnosing effectiveness implementation of Lean principles and sustainable development for examples of specific entities from various sectors of the economy. There are many sustainable design initiatives, and one of the most ecologically advanced is the so-called Cradle-to Cradle Design, based on two smooth and interlocking cycles: biological and technological. It is a so-called regenerative (i.e. refreshing, renewing and reviving own energy sources and materials) design of products and systems. In this process, the production material is treated as food in an environment of healthy, safe metabolism.

Figure 63: The principle of integrating the biological and technological processes "Cradle-2-Cradle" 173

5.9.2.2 Circular Economy - Circular Economy (circular economy)

It is a production process that assumes minimizing the environmental impact of the products used. Selection of components and design is required in such a way as to enable the reuse of products used in the processes. The circular economy model assumes that the value of products, materials and resources will be kept in the economy for as long as possible, in order to minimize waste generation. Mentioned in the normative part of the chapter EU plan ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS The new EU action plan for the circular economy for a cleaner and more competitive Europe [58] has an implementation strategy summarized in the table, which clearly defines the legislative basis, value chain, rules, scope and procedural steps to achieve a climate friendly state. the environment of economic processes.

Figure 64: Implementation strategy of circular economy, part 1. [58]

Figure 65: Implementation strategy of circular economy, part 2. [58]

Figure 66: Implementation strategy of circular economy, part 3. [58]

In Poland, the authority responsible for coordinating the implementation of the GOZ strategy is the Ministry of Development174. On September 10, 2019, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on the adoption of the "Roadmap for transformation towards a circular economy", thus giving the green light to conducting the circular economy initiative in our country. Earlier (in 2017), the Ministry of the Environment initiated a pilot program called "Economy closed circuit in the commune ", as amended in 2019175, financed by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management. By 2020, three communes were to participate in it: Łukowica (Małopolskie Voivodeship), Tuczno (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship) and Wieluń (Łódzkie Voivodeship), but the program was later extended to two further communes: Krasnobród (Lublin Voivodeship) and Sokoły (Voivodeship Podlasie). The EU legal tool supporting the transition to a circular economy is the so-called The waste package (adopted by the EU on May 22, 2018), i.e. the amendment to the waste management directives176.

5.9.2.3 Low carbon and energy efficiency

This is one of the recently discussed points of European environmental strategies, as it relates to the foundations of the functioning of national regional economies in terms of energy. The European Union has already published many plans of directives in this direction (see table at the beginning of this chapter) with the overall goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and thus reducing the carbon footprint. by 2050 Among the EU studies, those concerning the construction industry are of particular importance in this project, but this branch of the economy cannot be analyzed separately from the entire economy. Currently, Poland has obtained a special status in this matter, but it does not fit into the common understanding of other EU countries, so its correction should be expected in the future. However, this correction will require replacement solutions in order not to hamper the economy, hence it is impossible to predict the date of the exchange rate changes. Another program is the EU energy efficiency program for the results of the construction industry's activities, i.e. the resources built (Directives 2010/31 / EU and 2012/27 / EU - see paragraph 5.9.1). Analyzes of the energy economy have been carried out for Polish cubature facilities (because it is not mainly the case) for a long time and these changes have become a permanent part of Polish building regulations. First of all, these are the "Technical Conditions" in which the provisions are contained and EU energy efficiency in buildings in a multi-stage program of transition to the target state in 2021) 177. Relevant EU cells monitor the progress of the energy efficiency strategy through reports, such as "Improving the efficient use of energy resources", published in January 2019 by the European Construction Sector Observatory [59]. This study summarizes the results of the application of national regulations that were created on the basis of the EU and resembles the current directives to maintain the direction of development.

5.9.2.4 PED (Positive Energy Districts)

PEDs have been launched in the EU SET-Plan (see section 5.9.1) and are ultimately an urban environment with zero primary energy demand, carbon dioxide emissions with the additional goal of overproducing energy for use in local central grids. This requires close coordination of the performance of buildings, the lifestyle of their users, the characteristics of local energy networks, mobility rules and ICT functionality178. This project is based on the activity of one of the 10 fields of involvement of the SET Plan, called "Smart Cities and Communities" (plan no. 3.2). This activity is aimed at creating 100 areas of sustainable PED urbanization by 2025 in the countries associated with the EU JPI. The scope of activities is planning, implementation and replication of the created resource in subsequent locations. It also has an impact on urban planning, which fits this concept into the scope of the competence of construction management. Projects on this basis are already being developed, such as a proposal for a building for 200,000 users, meeting all PED requirements, equipped with systems with a high technological level. This is the concept of the so-called the vertical city of Luca Curci Architects (Bari, Italy) called THE LINK

Figure 67: Visualization of THE LINK - a vertical town designed by the Italian team Luca Curci Architects 179

Similar concepts, although without the ecological context and with the uncompromising nature of modernism, existed in the past, e.g. the Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1925 proposed a complex of skyscrapers for 3 million inhabitants for the reconstruction of the center of Paris (the so-called Voisin Plan - graphic below). It also proves that the development is based on known foundations.

Figure 68: Plan Voisin model for the center of Paris - Le Corbusier. 180

The JPI (Joint Programming Initiative) Urban Europe project was formed in 2010 on the basis of the EU SET (Strategic Energy Technology) Plan (see chapter introduction) with funding from the Horizon 2020 program as one of the EU instruments called Joint Programming launched by the Union in 2008. The initiative aims to improve the quality of urban life in Europe181. 20 countries participate in JPI Urban Europe, 14 of which are full members (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom), and 6 countries have observer status ( Estonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Turkey). Several further countries participate in the EU JPI on a project basis. The initiative has in its portfolio over 70 projects in the field of ecology and environmental protection with a total co-financing of over EUR 100 million and cooperation in the field of ecology with countries outside Europe. One of the current projects is the initiative of the above-mentioned PED. In November 2019, another project was launched, financed by the European Commission from the Horizon 2020 program, called ATELIER182, which is an organization of two cities: Amsterdam, Bilbao. The initiative also plans to replicate PEDs in these two locations. These cities have been joined as partners by another 6 (Bratislava, Budapest, Copenhagen, Krakow, Matosinhos and Riga) that are planning a replica of PEDs in their own locations.

5.9.2.5 Bottom-up activities for sustainable development

In response to top-down regulations, responsible private and social entities initiate actions to protect the environment, achieve energy efficiency and social responsibility for human activity. The list of these initiatives is growing every year, it will be impossible to list them all, because the list is dynamic and no one should be omitted here.

5.9.2.6 Training

There are internet portals in Poland dealing with ecological phenomena and movements. They offer a wealth of thematic literature, and often also training. Also representatives of engineers, associated in regional national professional chambers, offer training for their members in the field of ecology. Similar initiatives have been implemented by public entities such as the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management or the Ministry of Climate 183.

Figure 69: List of matrix nodes.

Own elaboration The orthogonal, nonlinear structure of individual matrix elements causes the formation of intersection points in the nodes common to the intersecting elements. These are the points where the two domains combine their specifications for maximum interoperability effects. The matrix node typology is a completely open system, as is the matrix itself. The task of this document is not a detailed description of all elements of the entire road to BIM implementation in Poland, but to create an environment that will facilitate the implementation of BIM in our country. Nodes in the current form should be treated as homogeneous packages that will both find their places on the timeline and will be recommended to treat them as task units to be performed. solutions to fill the nodes with tasks, their schedule, recompensated responsibilities and necessary financial outlays, as far as it was possible to estimate them, however, the most important thing is to know what place in the entire Road Map and the same integrated processes in construction have individual elements of the system. In addition to the usual color palette, nodes have also been defined as field signatures (like our charts) to enable the presentation of documents in any organizational environment and to each user, as well as to better illustrate their distribution on the timeline. In the 3D view (point 8), the solids of nodes represent the amount of work that needs to be done and the time that needs to be spent in order for a given node to reach maturity in the BIM system. Tasks in individual nodes do not have a chronology of implementation, but for order and for the application of their results in pilot projects, they should be read in the chronology of the columns (i.e. stages of the process integrated in the BIM methodology), so the tasks, e.g. C1, should precede the tasks in C2, then follow the tasks C3 and later C4 The following graphics are adopted for the implementation advancement of the individual node components (next chapter).

BLACK Component deployment of the node has not yet started

GRAY Deployment of a node component is being processed

WHITE The node component has been deployed successfully

Figure 70: Graphical description of the task tables in nodes.

Own elaboration For the assessment of financial outlays and the activation of other resources, it is adopted, where possible, to divide them into three levels using bold print: Black text indicates low outlays. Average print runs are marked in orange. High expenditure is marked in red, however, it should be noted that these are estimates that do not take into account the size or financial capacity of the entity responsible for the performance of the task. TO UPDATE THIS STRATEGIC DOCUMENT -SUMMER. IT IS RECOMMENDED TO ANALYZE ALL NODES FOR A FULL IMAGE OF BIM IMPLEMENTATION, AT THE TIME OF UPDATING THE REPORT.

Figure 71: Node A1. Own study

Table 8. Package A1

1 Adoption of BIM standards for Poland (PN-EN ISO 19650 series), published so far. Regular monitoring of new announced solutions in this area, in order to prepare for implementation by the construction market Familiarization with documents explaining the functionality of the standards, and then their implementation Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Cost low - will be purchased for getting acquainted with normative documents, practical training; Task teams for the implementation of standardization. Workload, depending on the scale of activities; Internal and external training

2 Media campaign promoting the BIM Road Map and the BIM implementation process in Poland Top-down propagation. Support for promotion at the central level should provide an impulse for bottom-up activities Minister responsible for economy as a leader Average cost rank - costs of media presence; Implementation of tasks by the media unit for BIM promotion or a team of people responsible for this area delegated from the already existing organizational unit for promotion. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities.

3 Adoption for the exchange of information in the methodology Mental switch to another organization Public institutions and other stakeholders Cost rank average - changes to the procedures of currently functioning BIM open formats and Open BIM principles, interoperability and simple construction market patterns in the field of communication and information exchange; External and internal training; Information campaigns; Decision-makers, Change Leaders184 . The workload depends on the scale of activities

4 Structuring of the CAD environment in construction investments in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard Mental conversion to a different work organization Design offices Average cost rank - changes in customary procedures; Change Leaders, Technologists. Workload, depending on the scale of activities (implementation of standard information structures); Internal and external training.

5 Establishment of the Steering Committee BIM implementations The minister responsible for the economy as a leader in agreement with key ministries Low cost rank - establishment of a working group; Delegating to the organizational structure of the Committee of specialists / coordinators of activities in institutions, ensuring the coherence of work on BIM implementation, average monthly commitment depending on the intensity of work; Designation of the physical seat of the organization

6 Adoption of strategic assumptions from this study and related documents for the BIM Development Road Map in Poland as they arise Mental conversion to the BIM methodology for construction investments based on a good example from above with approval from below Minister responsible for economy as implementation leader in cooperation with competent ministries within the Steering Committee for Implementation BIM. Approval by the Chancellery of the Prime Minister The rank of costs low - declaration of central level entities on the active promotion of the BIM methodology; Steering Committee; Specialists, employees of the institution delegated to the above-mentioned works. The workload depends on the scale of activities

7 Update this Roadmap Strategy Paper 2-3 Years It is recommended to introduce guidelines on how to collect information on BIM implementation progress. Steering Committee as the author or commissioning the studies Cost rank average - analyzes of the implementation process progress and a report; Steering Committee; Specialists, institution employees delegated to the above-mentioned work or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities

8 Providing active support for the BIM methodology by engineering professional chambers The first step is the recommendation of BIM implementation in the construction industry prepared by PIIB in 2019 Chambers representing engineers in the construction industry Cost rank low - top-down declaration of BIM methodology support for professional groups; Creation of BIM units in the organization of professional chambers. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities

9 Launching a project (public procurement) aimed at implementing an IT platform supporting the use of the BIM methodology, in accordance with the specification developed as part of this project 185 Multi-module IT platform promoting the BIM methodology and supporting the purchase of public investments in this methodology Minister competent for economy Cost high - launching a public procurement for the implementation and maintenance of the IT platform On the side of the leader, resources will be necessary to prepare and conduct the tender procedure (including the substantive scope) and supervise the implementation of the contract; specialists, institution employees delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works.

10 Initiation of legislative changes aimed at implementing BIM into the Polish legal order in the field of public procurement The first step and towards establishing the BIM obligation: 1. preparation of a draft purchasing policy taking into account the desired course of action orders understood as the use of the BIM methodology and tools to enforce and promote the use of the BIM methodology, 2. change of non-price criteria for evaluating offers in proceedings, including 20% ​​for the BIM methodology, with 60% for the price criterion. The above change will apply to investments carried out in the BIM methodology Minister responsible for economy as a leader steering the process Low cost - decision to start the legislative process at the level of the minister responsible for economy; Steering Committee; On the side of the leader, resources will be necessary to prepare and carry out legislative references.

11 Developing a program for full-time studies taking into account the BIM methodology Lack of BIM qualifications among academic staff Minister responsible for economy, minister responsible for science and higher education, academic staff Average costs - changes in the study program, change management; Mobilization of specialists from educational entities dealing with changes in curricula in higher education by responsible entities ; Steering Committee; Implementation of tasks by coordinators of work within educational units will involve workload, depending on the scale of activities. It was assumed that the scale of activities would require part-time work; Internal consultations

12 Developing a curriculum for secondary technical schools based on the BIM methodology Lack of qualified teaching staff, recommendation to coordinate with the university plan Minister responsible for education Average rank of costs - changes in the curriculum, change management; Steering Committee; Implementation of tasks by coordinators of work within educational units will be binding the amount of work, depending on the scale of activities. It was assumed that the scale of activities would require part-time; internal and external consultations

13 Increasing budget funds for Research and Development (R&D) in the field of construction Funds should be allocated to works aimed at increasing innovation in construction Minister responsible for economy as a leader initiating the process Costs rank high - updating the national budget and / or in the area of ​​EU funds distribution Poland, Updating budgets of individual ministries

14 Introducing the obligation to use the BIM methodology for public investments in Poland for an investment value of EUR 10 million Extending the requirement to use BIM from task A.1.10 Minister responsible for the economy, Steering Committee Average cost rank - declaration with all economic consequences; Steering Committee; On the side of the leader, it will be necessary to resources to prepare and carry out the above-mentioned legislative changes

15 Legislative changes to be considered at the PPL level in the scope of enabling the contracting authority to cancel the procedure at the stage of initial bids Change necessary to apply the MacroBIM model. It concerns the cancellation of the procedure if the value of initial bids significantly exceeds the estimated costs of the contract Minister responsible for economy as a leader steering the process Cost level low - decision to start the legislative process at the level of the minister responsible for economy; Steering Committee; On the side of the leader, resources will be necessary to preparation and implementation of the above-mentioned legislative changes

Figure 72: Node A2. Own study

Table 9. Package A2

1 Adoption of the PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 standard for the organization of the investment team structure Mental change in the organization of construction processes Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Cost rank low - task teams for the implementation of standardization in construction; Internal and external training

2 Adoption of the phase division of labor as in the British Digital Plan of Work (DPoW) with the introduction of an additional phase of economic verification of the investment - MacroBIM Mental change in construction investment contracts Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Average cost rank - changes in the adopted procedures and formal tender procedures; Mobilization of specialists for the organization of processes construction by responsible entities

3 Introduction application of the principles of conceptual programming of investments: solid models max. LOD 100, models of grouped functions max. LOD 200 Only solids and grouped functions, without any additional elements, mental change in the process of design phases (change of existing habits of calculating investment costs) Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market, especially design offices The rank of costs low - the need to take actions in the field of change management supporting the actual application of the principles of conceptual modeling; Specialists for the preparation of the implementation of construction processes; Internal and external training

4 Introduction of the principles of index valuation for conceptual models, based on the catalogs of index prices of investments in order to develop a proposal of the Target Cost of the investment. low costs - the need to take action in the area of ​​change management to support the actual application of the principles of creating index valuations; Specialists for the calculation of construction processes; Internal and external training; Purchase and implementation of calculation programs based on models by responsible entities

5 Organization of training courses on the creation of indicator calculations for the design concept of an investment It is assumed that the duration of the training should not exceed 6 lesson hours and should be partially workshop-based. The trainings will be dedicated to construction cost estimators and personnel responsible for planning and management of investment costs Specialists for training in the field of index costing The rank of costs average costs related to the organization of training; Selection of training organizers in model calculations by decision-makers in construction contractors in a tender; Designation of the physical location of training

6 Development of multilateral, incentive Joint Venture contracts to integrate all investment participants with the BIM methodology Available contract templates for use in international publications Matching contracts to the Polish market in cooperation with professional group insurance representatives Minister responsible for economy in cooperation with the Public Procurement Office, law offices, professional group insurers average costs - development of a new type of BIM construction contracts for the Polish market; Steering Committee; On the side of the leader, resources will be necessary to prepare and carry out the above-mentioned works (specialists for construction contracts)

7 The use of multilateral, incentive Joint Venture contracts for the integration of all investment participants with the BIM methodology Public ordering parties other construction market stakeholders Average cost rank - readiness to use this type of contracts, the need to develop mutual trust among participants of the investment process; Training; BIM Promotion Team). The workload depends on the scale of activities

Figure 73: Node A3. Own elaboration

Table 10. Package A3

1 Adoption of the use of open information exchange formats in BIM (IFC, BCF, CityGML) in investments, in accordance with ISO 16739-1: 2018 Available in exports from all BIM applications certified by buildingSMART International Public institutions and other construction market stakeholders Low cost rank - acceptance and actual application of standard rules in practice; Task forces for the implementation of standardization in construction; Internal and external training

2 Adoption for each investment in the BIM methodology of the digital information processing environment (CDE), in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019 standard It is already common for investments with BIM elements. The functionalities of CDE are not yet optimally used, and they are established for the needs of a given investment Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Cost rank low - relatively low costs of CDE platforms rental; Change Leaders Change Leaders, Teams for implementation of technologies in construction; Internal and external training

3 Development of a complete digital, multidimensional model of information about the resource being created - Project Information Model (PIM) Delivery format as a complex, multi-sector IFC model Design offices Average cost rank - from approx. 4,000 to 15,000 PLN / year / job position; Change Leaders, Teams for the implementation of new technologies in the construction industry; internal and external training

4 Development of templates for the use of pre-contract documents in BIM investments: BIM protocol, BEP pre-contract, BEP (BIM Implementation Plan) There are available templates, they will also be developed in a separate document as part of this project Minister responsible for economy as a leader (publication of templates as part of this project) Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Low cost rank - acceptance and actual application of standard rules in practice; IT BIM Platform - to popularize BIM document templates Internal and external training

5 Adoption for use of the types of required information about the resource being created: EIR, OIR, PIR, AIR and MIDP and TIDP information creation plans, in accordance with PN-EN ISO 19650-2: 2019 These are top-down activities, requiring close coordination with bottom-up activities in the form of schedules delivery (Last Planner® System with Lean tool palettes) Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Average cost rank - changes in the organization of construction investment procedures; Change Leaders, Teams for the implementation of standardization technologies in construction; Internal and external training

6 Organization of several days, initiating BIM workshops before the commencement of each investment carried out in this methodology BIM workshops should be integrated with Lean workshops It is assumed that the workshops should last about 3 days The minister competent for economy in cooperation with the Public Procurement Office for public investments Participants of each investment in the BIMRanga methodology average costs - training costs; Selection of BIM and Lean training organizers by entities responsible for each investment each time; Designation of the physical location of training.

Figure 74: The A4 node. Own study

Table 11. Package A4

1 Adoption of the COBie data format as the basic information management format in the operational and exploitation phase of the resource Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Cost rank low - saving models in IFC format for export to COBie; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and resource management (to implement the exchange of information); internal and external training)

2 Development of a complete digital, multidimensional model of information about the created asset - Asset Information Model (AIM) This is a version of the PIM model, adapted to the needs of asset management after commissioning Industry designers in given investments, site managers, subcontractors Average cost rank - updating design models to the actual required state As-Built; Change Champions, Resource Development, Provisioning and Resource Management Specialists (to implement standard information exchange technologies; Internal and external training.

3 Adoption of a complete digital, multidimensional model of information about the created resource - Asset Information Model (AIM) Property managers and technical maintenance staff Average cost rank - updating design models to the required technological state; Change Leaders; Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (in order to implement the application of standard information exchange technologies) ); Internal and external training; Acquisition by responsible entities of resource management software using AIM models in open formats.

4 Development of the Polish version of the PN-EN ISO 19650-3 standard and the ISO 5500X series for the structure of asset management processes. normative standard; Works within the relevant Technical Committee of PKN.

5 Adoption of the PN-EN ISO 19650-3 standard and the ISO 5500X series. Change to integrated resource management processes. application of BIM standards); External training; Information campaigns (in the competence of the media unit / BIM promotion team)

6 The creation of digital duplicates of Digital Twins (DT) from the information contained in AIM models for electronic, remote management There are already initial attempts of Digital Twins, but do not yet contain the required level of data It is assumed that the costs of Digital Twins will be lower over time. implementation leaders. Industry designers or external entities Cost rank high - upgrade of the IFC federated models to the Digital Twins standard; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new technologies); Internal and external training

7 Calculating the cost of living of resources and presenting them according to the provisions of the regulation Entire FM (Facility Management) market Real estate managers Industry designers Medium to high cost ranks - costs of implementing the law for emerging resources; Change Champions, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new technology); Internal and external training

8 Development of a digitization strategy for the physical territory of Poland for a period of at least by 2030 (underground and above-ground infrastructure, construction, water reservoirs, geospatial) Available EU funds from the pool for strategic studies for 2021-2027 Minister responsible for computerization in cooperation with the minister responsible for obtaining EU funds Average rank of costs - Assuming obtaining EU funding for developing a strategy; Steering Committee, Specialists for obtaining EU funds; digitization specialists, institution employees delegated to the above-mentioned work or external specialists employed for the purposes of carrying out the above-mentioned works

9 Creation of the digital model of Poland (Digital twin) as part of the digitization strategy Public institutions and economic entities in the construction market Cost rank high - significant costs of modeling a multidimensional Poland; Change Leaders; Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new technologies); Internal training And external; Related activities - information campaign. Implementation of tasks by the media unit for BIM propagation or a team of people responsible for this area delegated from the already existing organizational unit for promotion. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities.

Figure 75: Node B1. Own study

Table 12. Package B

1 Application of optimal digital security (Digital Safeguards) in access to Internet network services Security that can be performed in-house by IT staff of a given organization Public institutions and economic entities in the construction market Low cost rank - costs of standard security features; Mobilization of responsible entities to implement digital security; Delegating to internal IT specialists' digital security tasks

2 Amendment of the act on the national cybersecurity system (Journal of Laws 2018, item 1560) in order to apply secure methods of information processing in the network Minister responsible for informatization Low cost rank - costs of the amendment to the act; Steering Committee; Specialists, institution employees delegated to the above-mentioned works (legislative changes regarding digital security) or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works.

Figure 76: Node B2. Own study

Table 13. Package B2

1 The latest deadline in the course of the investment procedure to control and update digital security in business entities and institutions in the form of IT services The service may require the creation of a security system from scratch Public institutions and economic entities in the construction market Cost high - update or creation of a new cybersecurity system; Mobilization of market entities in the construction industry by responsible entities in order to implement the application of digital security; on the leader's side, resources will be necessary to prepare and conduct the tender procedure and evaluate offers (including the substantive scope) for specialists in professional IT security (in order to control and update digital security in public entities)

Figure 77: Node B3. Own elaboration Table 14. Package B3

1 Establishing access roles to CDE - digital information environment for investment service Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Low cost rank - establishing access roles is for each CDE platform; Mobilization of specialists in creation, provision of resources and resource management by responsible entities to apply new technologies

2 Development of the PN-EN ISO 19650-5 standard for the security of information handling during the investment (including national appendices) PKN (relevant Technical Committee) Average cost rank Only the maximum of security updates from node B2 is assumed; Works under the relevant PKN Technical Committee

3 Adoption of the PN-EN ISO 19650-5 standard for the security of information handling during the investment process (along with national annexes) Publication of the standard is required, announced at the end of 2020 Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Average cost rank Only the maximum of upgrading of security from node B2 is required; Task teams for the implementation of standardization in construction; Internal and external training

Figure 78: Node B4. Own study

Table 15. PackageB4

1 Widespread adoption of DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) technology for various forms of services in the construction industry and management of generated investment resources Already introduced by some market players from other industries These entities could serve as examples of good practice supporting the adoption of the technology by other entities Public institutions and other economic market stakeholders Average to high cost rank - costs of technological changes in the field of IT; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources (for the implementation of new technologies); Internal and external training.

Figure 79: Node C1. Own study

Table 16. Package C1

1 Introduction and assimilation of the Plan - Do - Check - Adjust method: Plan-Do-Check-Adjust (PDCA) for process management Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Cost rank low - Lean assimilation, mental change; Change Leaders; Specialists for creating, delivering resources and resource management (to implement new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

2 Introduction of the A3 single-page strategy tool for the process of setting the goals of the organization Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Cost rank low - learning Lean principles, mental change; Change Champions, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new methods in production processes in construction); and external.

3 Development of a strategy for the implementation and monitoring of pilot projects using the BIM methodology The first pilot project in infrastructure was launched by the Ministry of Infrastructure in 2020 Minister responsible for the economy and Steering Committee Average cost rank - selection and preparation of pilot investments Steering Committee; Specialists for the creation, implementation strategy and process monitoring (in order to develop a strategy for launching projects pilot projects, proper selection of projects) - employees of the institution delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works.

Figure 80: Node C2. Own study

Table 17. Package C2

1 Introduction and application of methods of holistic information management about investments (System thinking and other methods) Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Cost rank low - learning Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement and the use of new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

2 Introduction using the POP matrix tool (Product - Organization - Process) to evaluate the goals and expectations of the planned investment. Tool for the contracting authority to identify the objectives of the project Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market. Cost low - learning Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

3 Introduction and use of the visual Value Stream Mapping (VSM) tool for creating and correcting investment process diagrams in construction A tool for the contractor to verify the legitimacy of steps in the investment process Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Cost rank low - learning Lean principles, mental change; Leaders Changes, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

4 Introduction and application of the tool Choosing by Advantages (CbA) for making decisions on the use of alternative options in the process of economic evaluation of investments Public institutions and other stakeholders in the construction market Cost low rank - learning Lean principles, mental change; Leaders, Change, Specialists Development, Resource Provision and Resource Management (to implement and apply new methods in construction production processes) Internal and external training.

5 Development and application of the principles of creating a Target Cost proposal based on conceptual models of solids. Including an additional phase in public procurement. Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology. Cost rank low - learning Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

Figure 81: Node C3. Own study

Table 18. Package C3

1 Creating a decision-making Core Group, the entire Integrated Team and task teams - organization of the process According to the patterns from PN-EN ISO 19650-1: 2019 and Lean practices Representatives of all sides of the investment Low cost rank - learning Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Development Specialists , resource supply and resource management (to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

2 Introduction and application of the method of joint solving of current investment tasks in one room (Big Room) with full technological equipment. The Big Room should be prepared by the contracting authority in the vicinity of the construction site. Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology. Low cost rank - room costs for the entire period of the investment process; Change Leaders, Specialists in creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction); Internal and external training.

3 Introduction using visual Lean tools in the daily practice of construction production (resource creation): visual labeling, 5S, Agile / Scrum, 5x Why? and Fish bone Diagram Instruction of the executive team, with the participation of the ordering party Lean expert / Integrated Team as a contractor in the process of creating the resource delivery Cost rank low - learning the Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and resource management (to implement new methods in production processes in construction) - employees of individual units delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training.

4 Introduction and use of the Last Planner®System as bottom-up equivalents of the requirements of Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP) and partial Task Information Delivery Plan (TIDP) in the Big Room Instruction of the executive team, with participation of the contracting authority Lean expert / contractor of the process of creating and delivering the resource Cost rank low - assimilation Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and resource management (to implement new methods in production processes in construction) - employees of individual units delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works Internal and external training.

5 Introduction of the function of the Value Stream Mapping manager for the analysis of the workflow in the investment process The expert is on the part of the contractor for the optimization of the resource delivery process Lean expert / ordering party and contractor of the process of creating and delivering the resource Average cost rank - expert costs. Value Stream Mapping; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new methods in production processes in construction) - employees of individual units delegated to the above-mentioned work or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works; Training internal and external.

6 Organization of Lean training for the entire Integrated Team (all key participants) The training program should be integrated with the workshops initiating BIM Lean Expert / ordering and contractor of the process of creating resource delivery Average cost rank - Lean training costs; Training service providers (regarding BIM and Lean training ) employed by entities responsible for individual investments; Designation of the physical location of the training (Big Room).

7 Introduction and use of the tool for elimination of 8 sources of losses in investment processes - the principles of "muda" reduction Instruction for the executive team will be necessary Lean expert / contractor of the resource delivery process Low rank - Lean acquisition, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and resource management (to implement the application of new methods in production processes in construction) - employees of individual units delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training.

8 Introduction of large-scale prefabrication systems for the automation of construction processes Lean Manufacturing Contractors in investment processes in the BIM methodology Average cost rank - factory production costs instead of on the construction site, modernization and use of improved production lines; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (in order to implement and apply new methods in production processes in construction) - employees of individual units delegated to the above-mentioned work or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training

Figure 82: Node C4. Own study

Table 19. Package C4

1 Applying the principles of eliminating 8 types of losses ("muda") in resource management processes Public facility operators as leaders. The entire FM (Facility Management) market, e.g. the RICS Polska organization. units delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the purposes of carrying out the above-mentioned works. Internal and external training.

2 Applying Lean Six Sigma principles: a reduced list of solutions with increased control of loss minimization It is the combination of Six Sigma with Lean Public facility operators as leaders. The entire FM (Facility Management) market - Property management Low cost rank - learning the Lean principles, mental change; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new methods in production processes in the above-mentioned work or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training.

Figure 83: Node D1. Own study

Table 20. Package D1

1 Creation of a construction classification system for Poland adequate for BIM processes Currently, in the development by the Polish branch of buildingSMART Int'lbuildingSMART International - Polish branch (chapter) Cost rank high - costs of creating the Polish version of the classification; Mobilization of the members of the Polish branch of buildingSMART in order to create a proposal to implement the Polish classification.

2 Including the new construction classification in all legislative documents for conducting construction processes in Poland Replacing CPV (Common Procurement Vocabulary) with new classification codes Minister competent for economy as a leader Average cost rank - costs of amendment of selected regulations (point 6.8.1); Steering Committee The leader will need resources to prepare and implement the above-mentioned legislative changes.

3 Implementation and adaptation of classification on the Polish market Adaptation to new classification codes Public institutions and all stakeholders in the construction industry Cost rank high - costs of implementing the solution on the Polish construction market; Change Leaders, Specialists for creating, delivering resources and managing resources (to implement new methods in production processes in construction); Related activities - information campaign. Tasks performed by the media unit for BIM propagation or a team of people responsible for this area delegated from the existing organizational unit for promotion. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities.

4 Publication of Polish versions of standards for structuring information about products (ISO 23386: 2020 and the announced ISO 23387) for smooth integration of building classification elements with product codes for the supply chain PKN (relevant Technical Committee) Low cost rank - development of the Polish version of the standard ; Works under the relevant Technical Committee of PKN.

5 Implementation of the Polish version of ISO 23386: 2020 and the announced ISO 23387 Public institutions and all stakeholders in the construction industry Low cost rank - adopting standard rules; Change leaders, specialists in the implementation of standardization in construction; internal and external training; related activities - information campaign. Implementation of tasks by the media unit for BIM propagation or a team of people responsible for this area delegated to the already existing

Figure 84: Node D2. Own study

Table 21. Package D2

1 Entry of the LOD information level up to 100 for solids LOD 200 for functions up to the MacroBIM phase Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Low cost rank - learning new rules; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies and methods in construction; Internal and external training

2 Introduction of appropriate information modeling for elements at LOD levels corresponding to the investment phases Adequate training is currently offered on the market Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Low cost rank - assimilation of new principles; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies in construction; Internal and external training.

3 Introduction and use of linking the classification system with the levels of saturation with LOD information, structuring this information for compliance with the IFC hierarchy for all investment phases Possible only after creating the classification Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Cost rank low - learning new rules; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technology methods in construction Internal and external training.

4 BIM integration with geospatial - Geographic Information System (GIS) Required for the functioning of the uniform classification system buildingSMART International Cost rank low - external elaboration; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies and methods in construction; Internal and external training.

Figure 85: Node D3. Own study

Table 22. Package D3

1 Limiting the number of LOD levels for the components of the models to three, in line with the provisions of the amendment to the Construction Law Act: schematic (LOD 200), construction (LOD 300), technical (LOD 400) LOD 100 level (and possibly LOD 200 for zones) remains for solids conceptual and functional systems in the investment programming phase (MacroBIM) Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Low cost level - assimilation of new rules; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technology methods in construction; Internal and external training

2 Using sensors embedded in physical resources to remotely handle information Public and private investors Average cost rank - cost of automation systems with sensors; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technology methods in construction; Internal and external training; Introduction and application of sensor technology to the constructed building resources

3 Introducing proper classification codes of future Polish classification by designers to elements of industry models for exports in the IFC format Mapping classification systems to model elements is now available in many applications Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Average cost rank - costs of entering classification codes into building objects in models; Change Leaders Specialists for implementation of new technologies and methods in construction Internal and external training

4 Mapping in design models of IFC classes to CityGML, until the certification of the IFC 5 format is launched, and the format itself is widely used Important in BIM models for mixed infrastructure and cubature projects Participants of cubature and infrastructure investments in the BIM methodology Average cost rank - costs of mapping building object identifiers to infrastructure; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies and methods in construction; Internal and external training

5 Mapping GUIDs of the IFC format to the bSDD matrix identifiers for the preparation of digital integration of building material products with computer models (PIM / AIM / Digital Twins) a. The condition for the task to occur is to create a classification (task D1.1) b. The task is currently being carried out by buildingSMART Polska in cooperation with buildingSMART Internationali with classifying entities buildingSMART, participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Cost rank high - costs of mapping classification codes in design models; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technology methods in construction; Internal and external training.

6 Mapping GTINs of the GS1 identification system (or other option) to bSDD identifiers for entering product and material codes into PIM / AIM / Digital Twins computer models. The condition for the task to exist is to create a classification (task1 in node D1) b. The tasks are currently being carried out by buildingSMART Polska in cooperation with buildingSMART Inter nationali with classification entities iBuildingSMART, Participants of each investment in the BIM methodology Cost rank high - costs of mapping classification and identification codes in design models; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies and methods in construction; Internal and Outside.

Figure 86: Node D4. Own study

Table 23. Package D4

1 IntroductionApplication of management of combinations of classification codes with identifiers of products and materials for operational and operational needs of resources Entire FM (Facility Management) market Property managers Average cost rank - ID mapping costs; Change Leaders, Specialists for the implementation of new technologies, methods in construction; Internal and external training

2 Introduction of remote (via the Internet of Things - IoTis 5G) management of combinations of classification codes with identifiers of products and materials in Digital Twins facilities After the entry into force of the 5G network Entire FM (Facility Management) market Property managers High cost rank - costs of creating Twins and managing them; Change Leaders, Specialists for implementing new technologies in construction; Internal and external training

3 Introduction of remote information service in an unstructured form of Big Data, flowing from sensors embedded in resources through their digital duplicates (Digital twin) Entire FM market (Facility Management) Property managers High cost rank - costs of creating Twins and managing them; Change Leaders, Specialists for implementing new technologies and methods in construction; Internal and external training.

Figure 87: Node E1. Own study

Table 24. Package E1

1 Implementation of the European Green Deal arrangements by Poland Minister competent for climate matters The rank of costs high - acceptance costs low, but costs of adjusting the economy very high; Steering Committee Leaders of Change, Specialists for the use of ecological methods in economic the need to implement the above-mentioned works Related activities - information campaign. Implementation of tasks by the media unit for BIM promotion or a team of people responsible for this area delegated from the existing organizational unit for promotion Workload depends on the scale of activities

2 Poland's accession to the arrangements COM (2018) 773 final on clean economy with a reduction of the carbon footprint by 2050 Economic and political decisions Minister responsible for climate affairs High level - acceptance costs low, but costs of adjusting the economy very high Leaders Changes Application specialists ecological methods in economic processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the implementation of the above-mentioned works. Related activities - information campaign. Implementation of tasks by the media unit for BIM propagation or a team of people responsible for this area delegated from the already existing organizational unit for promotion. The amount of work depends on the scale of activities.

Figure 88: Node E2. Own study

Table 25. Package E2

1 Applying the principles of sustainable design in the preparation of environmentally friendly conceptual investment programs (renewable energy, use of rainwater, energy self-sufficiency, passive construction, etc.) Implementation teams preparing MacroBIM offers Low cost level - learning new principles; Change Leaders, Specialists in the use of ecological methods in construction processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works or external specialists employed for the purposes of the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training.

Figure 89: E3 node. Own elaboration

Table 26. Package E3

1 Introductionapplication of energy certification standards in Poland (e.g. LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, Passivhaus) Public institutions and all construction market stakeholders Average cost rank - costs of the assessor of a given standard; Assessor - external specialist employed for the implementation; Change Leaders, Specialists in construction processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works; internal and external training.

2 Introductionapplication of the rules - Circular economy (circular economy) Public institutions and all stakeholders in the construction market Cost level low - actual application of the new rules of the regulation; Change leaders, specialists in the use of ecological methods in construction processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works; internal and external training.

3 Adaptation of the ISO 1400X series of standards Environmental management within the PKN entity (appropriate Technical Committee) Low cost rank - development of the Polish version of the standard; Works under the relevant PKN Technical Committee.

4 Application of the ISO 14000 series of standards for environmental management Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Low cost rank - acquiring new standard rules; Change Leaders, Specialists for the use of ecological methods in construction processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training.

Figure 90: Node E4. Own study

Table 27. Package E4

1 Amendment of the Regulation on the method of calculating the cost of living of buildings and the method of presenting information on these costs (Journal of Laws 2018, item 1357) Minister competent for economy Costs low - costs of the amendment to the Act; Steering Committee; the above-mentioned legislative changes.

2 The use of methods of calculating the cost of living of buildings and the method of presenting information about these costs Public institutions and other stakeholders of the construction market Cost rank low - adopting new rules of the regulation; Change leaders, specialists in the use of ecological methods in construction processes - employees delegated to the above-mentioned works; Internal and external training .

8.1 Matrix nodes as a schedule

Presenting complex integrated processes along the axis of their development over time is a complex task. Some of their elements are generally easier to absorb and implement, others require more expenditure. The possibility of implementing the second group is often influenced by external and internal factors that are difficult to define or predict, or a combination of them. Therefore, in order to facilitate the coordination of the BIM methodology implementation schedule in Poland, the above-described strategy within the Road Map has been divided into elements and their common nodes and entered in this way into a spatial time chart. The recommended road map updates for Poland may introduce time adjustments to the maturity level of individual matrix nodes. The matrix concept is prepared for such corrections.

Figure 91: 3D schedule. Own study

Figure 92: 3D Schedule, # 2. Own study

Figure 93: 2D schedule. Own study

The strategy of small steps in the zero-one system (there is-there is no) is recommended as measurable success criteria. In this way, it will be possible to assess whether the institution, organization or Integrated Team for a specific investment are following the right path to achieve the goals presented in this study. Taking into account the variety of investment types, it is not possible to present all the elements and factors necessary to implement BIM in Poland. However, the more you identify and implement, the more likely you are to implement BIM successfully. It is important to consistently pursue the goal of integrating and visualizing each construction investment in the BIM methodology with the cooperation of all parties to the construction process.

Figure 94: Illustration of the road to BIM through collaboration. [36]

Below are some examples of steps from which it is recommended to start the BIM implementation process. EVERY OF THESE ACTIVITIES, EVEN THE SMALLEST, WILL FORWARD THE BIM IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FOR THIS OR ANOTHER INVESTMENT, IF IT WILL BE CONSISTENTLY REPEATED.

9.1 Criteria for the Work Plan (pre-selection)

• Joint declaration of all parties to carry out the investment in the BIM methodology • Recording by the contracting authority of the objectives of the investment using the POP tool.

9.2 Criteria for MacroBIM phase (preselection)

• Gathering a cross-industry team to create a workable conceptual solution for the MacroBIM offer; • Leading to the signing of a contract at least "design-build"; • Using sustainable design methods to develop the MacroBIM offer concept; • Proposing to negotiate the Target Cost of the investment; • Conducting BIM initiation workshops and Lean.

9.3 Criteria for the capital phase (pre-selection)

• Building the entire team operating without exception in the BIM methodology; • Dividing the competences of the Integrated Team into a decision-making Primary Group task groups (as in the 19650-1 standard); • Establishing a lease in the vicinity of the Big Room construction site for the duration of the design and execution phase for cooperation of all participants in the process; • Creating a framework incentive (e.g. division of costs saved in the process between all the main parties - Basic Group); • Development of a BEP (BIM Execution Plan) by the contractor acceptable to the contracting authority; • Preparation of a common catalog of risks (including risks related to the risk analysis; updating their catalog; • establishing a functioning CDE (Digital Investment Procedure Environment); • training BIM modelers in the correctness of exports to IFC from native applications; • setting up a kiosk in the BIM construction office for CDE technological service; • Collision checking 3D in federated model in the BIM management application on the construction site / Big Room and preparation of collision reports; • Matching Data Drops requirements for specific measurable investment milestones; • Estimating only from 3D design models, not from 2D drawings; tasks to be performed • Creating an intelligent spreadsheet for constant monitoring of the inflow of costs from the Target Cost of the investment.

9.4 Criteria for the operational phase (pre-selection)

• Consulting with the Integrated Team about information requirements for asset management already during the creation and delivery of the asset; • Managing the asset using models, not paper documentation; • Using model-generated COBie files (in the form of tables in a spreadsheet) to manage repair system components and spare parts ordering.

9.5 BIM implementation criteria for Poland

It is recommended to adopt success criteria consistent with the steps of the implementation plan for Poland, listed in matrix nodes. As a tool for monitoring the progress of introducing BIM on the Polish market, 2-3 years of reports updating the implementation status are recommended. Reports should be coordinated by a Steering Committee established under the leadership of the minister in charge of the economy as a leader. A similar practice of monitoring the BIM implementation process is observed in Germany and Spain. As the first practical step in implementing BIM by public entities in Poland, it is recommended to carry out selected pilot investments. Similar recommendations can be found in the Czech-German strategies described in the first parts of the document (points 2.3 and 2.4.3). This project in other modules also includes document templates that are part of the information requirements for the resource creation and delivery phase. These templates in combination with the above-described basic criteria for all relevant phases of specific investments should be the starting point for measurable implementation successes. It is recommended to monitor all activities and record the results for cataloging the functioning procedure avoiding errors in subsequent implementation projects. Practical experience gained in the pilots will also help in raising BIM qualifications of all participants of the process, including representatives of the public ordering party. Therefore, full involvement of all parties is required, and in accordance with the provision in the introduction to PN-EN ISO 19650-1, the resulting close cooperation in order to ensure smoothness and avoid losses in the exchange of information about the created resource. The process of implementing BIM in Poland should be based on top-down (legislative, standardization, standardization and pilot) as well as self-organization of the construction market in the form of bottom-up activities based on cooperation between contracting entities and contractors (organization of work in the Lean methodology, integration of processes, systems and information). Each investment in the BIM methodology is one joint effort by all participants of the investment process.

9.6 Further Recommendations

In addition to the steps taken to implement BIM in Poland, presented in the document, it is recommended to take other steps in the following stages to introduce comprehensive digitization of the Polish construction industry, including in particular: • preparation of legislation on the Construction Law for digital processes to obtain a building permit decision (a also processes of notifications); • preparation of poviat offices to handle construction projects in a non-paper form, and designers for such a form of their delivery, including digital signatures of the authors of design studies, systematization of the names and formats of digital documents so that information about design intentions is clear so that its content can be read from the names of the files themselves. it is a preparation for the next evolution of the exchange of design information in the form of digital multidimensional models, also in generally available formats, standardized by ISO standards; supplying all roducts and materials in the construction market with identification codes to further improve the digital supply chain. In this way, the combined information will be preserved for the entire lifecycle of the facilities, enabling smooth management of resources, but also further transfer of digital information about resources to digital twin forms; • preparing the entire market in terms of educating the human factor to meet the upcoming digitalisation tasks (not only ); • preparation and development, on the basis of the approved Road Map, of a retail strategy for BIM implementation in Poland, broken down into scopes, tasks, entities and cost scales adequate for them; • monitoring the results of using MacroBIM (if this option is available) in pilot projects. others, not listed here, go beyond the scope of this project, but will complement the process of digitization of Polish construction, of which BIM is just the beginning.

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