Pinealon Peptide: EDR Identity and Research Record

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide with the amino acid sequence Glu-Asp-Arg, also written EDR (Source: 2011 Pinealon cell study).

For the laboratory-material listing, View Pinealon at Curo.

TL;DR

• Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a three-residue peptide written EDR (Source: 2011 Pinealon identity and cell study).

• The cited research covers experimental cell systems, a rat model of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia and an Alzheimer's mouse model involving EDR and KED (Sources: 2011 cell study, 2012 rat study, 2021 EDR and KED mouse study).

• The October 13, 2026 exact-name registry query returned zero records for Pinealon (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov query).

• For material documentation, start with the lot-report library: Check Curo's lot certificates.

What is Pinealon?

The 2011 paper identifies Pinealon as a synthetic Glu-Asp-Arg peptide. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine form its three-residue sequence (Source: 2011 Pinealon identity and cell study).

Vladimir Khavinson is an author of the 2011 and 2021 studies, and both records list his affiliation with the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (Sources: 2011 author and affiliation record, 2021 author and affiliation record).

What is Pinealon studied for?

The cited Pinealon studies examine how cells respond to oxidative stress, how rat offspring perform in spatial-orientation and learning tasks after prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, and whether EDR and KED affect dendritic spines in an Alzheimer's mouse model (Sources: 2011 oxidative-stress cell study, 2012 rat offspring study, 2021 EDR and KED mouse study).

EDR research also includes proposed mechanisms for regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. A review discusses possible interactions with histone proteins and RNA (Source: EDR mechanism review).

Which identifiers describe Pinealon?

• Glu-Asp-Arg is the amino acid sequence; EDR is its one-letter notation (Source: Pinealon sequence in the primary paper).

• PubChem CID 10273502 is the reference-compound record, with molecular formula C15H26N6O8 and reference molecular weight 418.40 g/mol (Sources: PubChem CID 10273502, PubChem formula and molecular-weight data).

• PubChem lists pinealon, Glu-Asp-Arg, E-D-R and the CAS string 175175-23-2 as synonyms (Source: PubChem synonym list).

Where has Pinealon been studied?

2011: experimental cell systems

• Model: cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils and PC12 cells.

• Measured topics: reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, necrotic cell death, ERK1/2 activation and progression through cell division (Source: 2011 Rejuvenation Research paper, PMID 21978084).

The authors reported that Pinealon restricted ROS accumulation under oxidative stress in cell experiments using cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils and PC12 cells (Source: 2011 Pinealon cell study).

The authors reported less necrotic cell death and delayed ERK1/2 activation with Pinealon in these experimental cell systems (Source: 2011 Pinealon cell study).

2012: rat model of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia

• Model: rat offspring after experimental maternal hyperhomocysteinemia during pregnancy, and cerebellar neurons isolated from those offspring.

• Measured topics: spatial orientation, learning ability, ROS accumulation and necrotic cell counts (Source: 2012 International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine paper, PMID 22567179).

The authors reported that Pinealon improved spatial orientation and learning ability in offspring in a rat model of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (Source: 2012 Pinealon rat study).

The authors reported lower ROS accumulation and fewer necrotic cells with Pinealon in cerebellar neurons isolated from offspring in that rat model (Source: 2012 Pinealon rat study).

2021: EDR and KED in an Alzheimer's mouse model

• Model: 5xFAD-M mice in an Alzheimer's disease experiment involving EDR and KED.

• Measured topics: dendritic-spine morphology and neuroplasticity; the paper also used molecular modelling to explore possible mechanisms (Source: 2021 Pharmaceuticals paper, PMID 34071923).

The authors reported that EDR and KED peptides prevented dendritic spine loss in 5xFAD-M mice in the Alzheimer's mouse model (Source: 2021 EDR and KED mouse study).

The authors explored a possible epigenetic explanation through molecular modelling of peptide binding to DNA, including EDR binding sites in gene promoter sequences (Source: 2021 molecular-modelling abstract).

What mechanism have researchers proposed for EDR?

The EDR review proposes the hypothesis that the peptide enters cells and binds histone proteins and/or RNA, potentially changing gene expression and protein synthesis. The authors discuss MAPK/ERK signalling and proteins involved in apoptosis and antioxidant responses as possible parts of this mechanism (Source: EDR gene-expression and protein-synthesis review).

For supplier-authored reading, Read Curo's Pinealon research record.

Use the source ledger to follow the paper references: Open the Pinealon source ledger. To check the EDR and AEDG sequences against their PubChem records, read the Pinealon vs Epithalon identifier notes.

What does the Pinealon trial-registry search establish?

On October 13, 2026, a ClinicalTrials.gov API query for the exact phrase "Pinealon" returned totalCount 0 (Source: Exact-name API query). To check the current results, open the Pinealon registry search.

What the Pinealon evidence does not show

The cited cell and animal studies do not establish Pinealon's efficacy or safety in people (Sources: 2011 cell study, 2012 rat study, 2021 EDR and KED mouse study).

The registry result applies to the exact-name query on its check date; it cannot rule out unregistered studies or records under other names (Source: Dated Pinealon registry query).

Reference-compound identifiers describe Pinealon's chemical identity. They do not certify the identity or contents of a supplier lot (Sources: Pinealon compound record, Pinealon reference synonyms).

How does Pinealon differ from Epithalon?

Pinealon has the three-residue sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) (Source: Pinealon sequence source). Epithalon has the four-residue sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG) (Source: Epitalon reference record). For the identifiers and experimental settings of each compound, open the Pinealon and Epithalon sequence comparison.

Where can researchers find Pinealon material and lot documents?

For the Pinealon laboratory-material listing, View Pinealon at Curo. For the report library, Check Curo's lot certificates. Check the compound name and lot identifier on the report against the material being considered.

The supplier's stated testing standard distinguishes identity by FTIR or LC-MS, HPLC peak-area purity and fill. It describes endotoxin and sterility as available on relevant reports (Source: Review Curo's testing methods).

Pinealon FAQ

Do EDR and Pinealon name the same referenced compound?

Yes. The cited Pinealon paper identifies the peptide as Glu-Asp-Arg, written EDR in one-letter notation (Source: Primary sequence source). PubChem also lists pinealon, Glu-Asp-Arg and E-D-R under CID 10273502 (Source: Reference synonym list).

Does a Pinealon catalog amount tell a researcher how to use it?

No. The 10mg label describes the amount of Pinealon material in the catalog pack.

Does a Pinealon cell or animal experiment establish a human result?

No. The cited Pinealon experiments studied cells and animal models, so they do not show a clinical result in people (Sources: 2011 cell study, 2012 rat study, 2021 EDR and KED mouse study).