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Biotechnology is the application of biological systems found in organisms or the use of living organisms themselves to make technological advancements and adapt those advancements to a variety of different fields. A wide range of fields, from agricultural, practice to the medical field, are represented by these applications. In addition to applications in fields involving living organisms, it includes any other field in which the information obtained from the biological aspect of an organism can be applied, such as medicine or engineering.
When it comes to the development of minuscule and chemical tools, biotechnology is particularly important, as many of the tools that biotechnology employs are already present at the cellular level. In an effort to gain a better understanding of biotechnology, the following are some of its types, examples, and applications.
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The Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) states that
“Biotechnology is a form of technology that is based on biology — biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help us live better lives and improve the health of our planet. “ Over the course of more than 6,000 years, we have relied on the biological processes of microorganisms to produce useful food products such as bread and cheese, as well as preserve dairy products.”
Biotechnology can be classified into several categories.
1. Medical Biotechnology
It is the use of living cells and other cell materials to improve the health of humans that is referred to as medical biotechnology. It is primarily employed in the search for cures, as well as in the treatment and prevention of diseases.
The science involved includes the use of these tools for research to discover new or more efficient methods of maintaining human health, understanding pathogens, and understanding the biology of human cells, to name a few topics.
In this country, the technique is used to manufacture pharmaceutical drugs as well as other chemicals that are used to fight disease. It entails the investigation of bacteria, plant, and animal cells in order to better understand how they function at a fundamental level first.
Heavily involved in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) research to learn how to manipulate the genetic makeup of cells in order to increase the production of beneficial characteristics that humans may find useful, such as insulin production.
Typically, the field leads to the development of novel drugs and treatments that are not previously available in the field.
Examples of Medical Biotechnology (Medical Biotechnology)
Vaccines
Vaccines are chemicals that stimulate the body’s immune system, allowing it to fight pathogens more effectively when they invade the body’s tissues. They accomplish this by injecting attenuated (weaker) versions of the disease into the patient’s bloodstream.
Because of this, the body reacts as if it is being attacked by the non-attenuated version of the disease. In combating the weakened pathogens, the body takes note of their cell structure and some cells remember the disease and store the information in their memory banks within the body, which is known as apoptosis.
When the individual is exposed to the actual disease, his or her body recognises it almost immediately and mobilises quickly to mount a defence against it because it has already acquired some information about it through previous exposure. This translates into faster healing and less time spent experiencing symptoms.
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Antigenic proteins from disease pathogens that have been attenuated are extracted using biotechnological techniques such as growing the antigenic proteins in genetically engineered crops. For example, the development of an anti-lymphoma vaccine using genetically engineered tobacco plants that produce RNA (a chemical that is similar to DNA) from malignant (actively cancerous) B-cells is an example of such research.
Antibiotics
In the development of antibiotics to combat pathogens in humans, significant progress has been achieved. Many plants are grown and genetically engineered to produce antibodies, and these plants are known as antigen producers.
Because plants can produce these antibodies in greater quantities than cells or animal extracts, this method is more cost-effective than using cells or extracting these antibodies from animals.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL “GREEN” BIOTECHNOLOGY
Both of these areas of biotechnology are classified as “green” in terms of their coloration.
For the most part, green biotechnology is concerned with agricultural technologies, such as finding new ways to produce stronger crops or developing new biopesticides to reduce the amount of chemicals used by farmers. Green biotechnology is also concerned with environmental issues, such as climate change.
The following are some of the other projects in which agricultural biotechnologists will be participating:
Bacterial cultivation is being used to promote plant growth and increase crop yields.
Plants are being used to remove heavy metals from the environment that can be harmful to both the environment and human health.
It is possible to use genetic manipulation to help plants thrive even in the face of adverse weather conditions such as frost.
Artificial insemination, for example, is said to be the most widely used form of animal biotechnology, and it is being increasingly used in the field of animal breeding.
When it comes to environmental biotechnology, the primary goal is to combine biology with engineering.. This can lead to the development of various processes for cleaning up contaminated sites.
Fungi, bacteria, and microbes are frequently used as organic means of removing pollutants from the environment, and they have a variety of applications. The following are some of the responsibilities that environmental biotechnologists will have:
Plants are being converted into biofuels.
Developing plant-based bioplastics that are less harmful to the environment and have the potential to reduce waste.
The creation of microbes or plants that are capable of processing and eliminating toxins and pollutants from the environment.
Geographic information systems (GIS) are being used to locate and map contaminated sites, as well as to determine how pollutants spread.
Using waste to generate biogas or other renewable sources of energy is an option.
Making industrial processes more environmentally friendly, such as using biological enzymes instead of chemical substances, is a priority.
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3. INDUSTRIAL “WHITE” BIOTECHNOLOGY
Industrial biotechnology has an impact on a wide range of industries, including the textile, food, and energy industries.
In fact, it is the most significant branch of biotechnology! Its emphasis is on the application of technology to develop new processes that consume fewer natural resources and energy when compared to conventional processes.
Consequently, industrial biotechnology makes use of living cells derived from a variety of sources including plants, bacteria, and yeast, and it produces products that require fewer resources (such as energy) during their manufacturing. In addition, they generate less waste.
Industrial biotechnology has already resulted in significant advances in a variety of fields. EMBO Reports describes how the use of bacterial enzymes has been used to manufacture food as well as washing powder in order to reduce the number of artificial ingredients in these products.
3. MARINE “BLUE” BIOTECHNOLOGY
Blue biotechnology is sometimes referred to as the “fourth major type of biotechnology,” according to some sources. In this context, it refers to the study of marine organisms with a particular emphasis on the utilisation of these organisms for a variety of human purposes, such as the development of new medicines or food supplements to improve human health.
A wide variety of marine organisms and resources, such as shellfish, algae, and other substances, are used in blue biotechnology for a variety of tasks across the spectrum. For example, ziconotide, a substance derived from the venom of cone snails, is said to be an effective painkiller in humans when applied topically to the skin.
The use of marine biotechnology to develop alternative energy sources is a fascinating concept to consider. Using microalgae, for example, it is possible to produce biofuel. The advantage is that algal biomass can be grown artificially without interfering with the growth of other plants.
The industrial sector has reaped significant benefits from “blue” biotechnology. The marine ecosystem produces large amounts of a variety of proteins, biopolymers, biomaterials, and enzymes, all of which are useful for human health.
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Biotechnology products such as green fluorescent protein, which is derived from jellyfish and is used to generate energy as a result of its reaction to ultraviolet light, are examples.
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Reference pharmaceutical UCGconferences press releases and blogs
https://kikoxp.com/posts/10195
https://luciferellis.blogspot.com/2022/03/six-major-threats-that-pharmaceutical.html
https://hubpages.com/education/Six-major-threats-that-pharmaceutical-firms-will-face-in
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