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ADHD: Resource HubNeed a trusty guide for tips, insight, and resources to manage your ADHD symptoms? We're here to help.

Autism: Resource HubOur resource guide is filled with insight to help you learn about autism, as well as trusted tips and support resources for those in the autism community.

RADLD - Raising Awareness of Developmental Language Disorder - RADLDRaising Awareness of Developmental Language Disorder (RADLD) is the international advocacy for people with Developmental Language Disorder.

CHADD - Improving the lives of people affected by ADHDChildren and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) is the nation's leading nonprofit organization serving people affected by ADHD.

ADDitudeADHD symptom tests, ADD medication & treatment, behavior & discipline, school & learning essentials, organization and more information for families and individuals living with attention…

What Is Inattentive ADHD? Symptoms, Characteristics, Diagnostic ConsiderationsFormerly called ADD, inattentive ADHD is characterized by symptoms of disorganization, poor time management, faulty working memory, and a lack of focus — all signs commonly dismissed or misdiagnosed, particularly in girls and women. Here, learn about the distinctive characteristics that should guide clinicians’ diagnostic and treatment practices for inattentive ADHD.

Traumatic Stress Alongside ADHD: 5 Reasons Clinicians Need to Consider TraumaTraumatic stress and ADHD are connected — each worsening the symptoms of the other. That’s one reason why it is vitally important for ADHD assessments to include screening questions about trauma, and for treatment plans to factor in the effects of both.

ADHD in Women and Girls: Why Female Symptoms Slip Through Diagnostic CracksWe are failing girls and women with ADHD. Research and clinical practices are built around male presentations of ADHD, and science has historically paid little attention to female manifestations and impairments. As a result, many girls and women still battle to receive proper referral, diagnosis, and treatment – and face dire consequences when these medical rights are denied. To right these gender wrongs, it’s time to seriously rethink the way ADHD is assessed, diagnosed, and treated.

ADHD in Older Adults: Distinct Diagnostic and Treatment ConsiderationsOlder adults have unique needs and characteristics – including age-related cognitive changes, co-existing psychiatric and medical conditions, and more – that influence evaluation and treatment for ADHD. To better serve this population, clinicians must anticipate and understand these myriad factors.

ADHD in Teens: How Symptoms Manifest as Unique Challenges for Adolescents and Young AdultsADHD brains develop differently than neurotypical brains. In the adolescent years, this may mean explain increased risk for motor vehicle accidents, medication diversion, substance abuse, academic setbacks, and self-harm. It also means that families need to remain vigilant through the teen’s development and treatment in this critical period. Here is how.

Menopause, Hormones & ADHD: What We Know, What Research is NeededMenopause and ADHD – both associated with impaired cognitive functioning and emotional dysregulation – share a unique and complicated relationship. Anecdotal evidence tells us this in spades, but scientific research is paltry at best. Here, learn what we do know about estrogen, hormonal fluctuations, and menopause in neurotypical women — and how that may help inform clinical approaches for women with ADHD.

Treatment for Depression and ADHD: Treating Comorbid Mood Disorders SafelyPatients with comorbid depression and ADHD may experience more severe symptoms of each, and require specialized treatment plans that factor in potential side effects, contraindications, and lifestyle considerations. Here is a comprehensive overview of all treatment options, including new therapies like ECT, TMS, and ketamine still being actively studied for treatment of depression and ADHD.

The ADHD-Anger Connection: New Insights into Emotional Dysregulation and Treatment ConsiderationsIrritability, anger issues, and emotional dysregulation in general contribute significantly to the psychosocial burden of ADHD in children and adults. The latest research suggests that these problems are inherent to ADHD and may require specific treatment.

A Clinician’s Guide to Tic Disorders in Children: Symptoms, Comorbidities & TreatmentsChildhood tics are common and often resolve on their own. But chronic tic disorders, including Tourette’s disorder, should still be on every clinician’s radar. Tic disorders frequently co-occur with other conditions, like ADHD and anxiety, and can lead to problems in school and in social settings. Learn about tic disorders, their features, and treatment guidelines here.

The Science of Fear: Probing the Brain Circuits That Link ADHD and PTSDResearch increasingly reveals a strong relationship — and reciprocal risk factors — between ADHD and PTSD. What explains this mutual comorbidity? PTSD is associated with dysfunction in areas of the brain implicated in fear extinction learning. New studies reveal that individuals with ADHD have similarly deficient fear circuitry, which could begin to explain the disorders’ link.

ADHD in Adults Looks Different. Most Diagnostic Criteria Ignores This Fact.ADHD in adults looks and acts different than ADHD in children, but clinicians’ diagnostic criteria — from age cutoffs to symptom phrasing — is undifferentiated, which sacrifices the accuracy of assessments. Understanding the weak points in standard diagnostic criteria — and how to factor for them in evaluation and treatment — requires a nuanced understanding of how ADHD manifests in adults.

Migraines and ADHD: The Overlooked Connection to HeadachesMigraines and ADHD are comorbid — but few clinicians consider the headache connection when evaluating and treating patients. Studies continue to probe the underlying links between the conditions, but findings show that the impairing symptoms of migraines may aggravate ADHD symptoms and that patient outcomes improve when clinicians avoid compartmentalizing the conditions.

4 Reasons Adults Give Up on ADHD Medication: Solving Nonadherence and Treatment InconsistencyADHD medications are some of the most effective treatments across medicine. Still, ADHD medication nonadherence is a widespread problem among adults. Here, understand four major barriers that lead to treatment inconsistency or abandonment, and targeted solutions.

How ADHD Ignites Rejection Sensitive DysphoriaFor people with ADHD or ADD, rejection sensitive dysphoria can mean extreme emotional sensitivity and emotional pain — and it may imitate mood disorders with suicidal ideation and manifest as instantaneous rage at the person responsible for causing the pain. Learn more about ways to manage RSD here.

Never Enough? Why ADHD Brains Crave StimulationAt times, it feels the ADHD brain is never sated — particularly when it comes to common sources of stimulation like video games, sex, and substances. Here's why your brain craves these things — and how it affects your day-to-day behavior.

How Trauma and Chronic Stress Affect Developing BrainsTrauma alters the developing brain, triggering behavioral and mental health issues. Under prolonged exposure to stress, resources are diverted from the “thinking” part of the brain to its survival centers. Here, learn how to best support stressed children and teens who have been exposed to traumatic events.

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of HyperfocusPowerful, erratic, and somewhat mysterious, hyperfocus is a state familiar to any individual with ADHD who has ever zeroed in so totally on a project or task that the outside world has ceased to exist. Here, ADDitude readers describe their love/hate relationship with hyperfocus, and experts share strategies for managing it more effectively.

15 Time-Management Tricks for ADHD BrainsTime management is tricky for ADHD brains. Good thing we are so good at devising clever, unconven-tional solutions to tricky problems. Here, our readers sound off about the techniques that help them keep track of time.

PMDD, Autism, and ADHD: The Hushed ComorbidityPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a hormonal health condition that causes severe mood and functioning issues, and disproportionately affects people with ADHD or autism. Here, learn about PMDD symptoms, causes, and treatments.

Menopause, Hormones & ADHD: What We Know, What Research is NeededMenopause and ADHD – both associated with impaired cognitive functioning and emotional dysregulation – share a unique and complicated relationship. Anecdotal evidence tells us this in spades, but scientific research is paltry at best. Here, learn what we do know about estrogen, hormonal fluctuations, and menopause in neurotypical women — and how that may help inform clinical approaches for women with ADHD.

ADHD and Adult Autism: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Interventions for BothAutism and ADHD coexist at significantly elevated rates, and adults with both disorders face unique challenges. Symptoms of both conditions can resemble one another – one reason why clinicians typically screen for both during assessment. While research on adult autism and ADHD is scarce, clinicians largely agree on best practices in the evaluation and treatment of patients with both disorders.

The Brown Model of ADD/ADHD | Brown ADHD Clinic | United StatesDr. Brown's ADHD Model of Executive Functions, created from 30+ years of experience with his patients

Brown modell över exekutiva funktioner.

What Is Dr. Brown's ADHD Model? The Brown Model of ADHD sees this condition as a cognitive disorder, not a behavioral one. Here's what that means.

Mer om Brown modellen över exekutiva funktioner.

Autism and Depression: Why Autistic People Can Become DepressedBy Dr. Michelle Garnett and Professor Tony Attwood Autistic people appear especially vulnerable to feeling depressed, with about one in three adolescents and two out of three adults having experienced at least one episode of severe depression in their life. The prevalence for non-autistic people is one in five people. In this article, we discuss […]

Reasons Depression May Present Differently in Autistic PeopleBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett Autistic people might experience and express their emotional states uniquely, influenced by factors such as alexithymia, which affects around 50% of the autistic population (Kinnaird et al., 2019). Alexithymia is a subclinical condition characterised by difficulty in identifying and describing feelings and emotions, which makes […]

How Depression May Present Differently in Autistic PeopleBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett Research highlights a startling reality: approximately 40% of autistic individuals experience depression at some point in their lives (Hollocks et al., 2019). This number is not just a statistic; it represents a significant portion of the autistic community who face profound challenges. The impact of […]

Understanding Anxiety and Depression in Autistic Teenagers: An OverviewBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett The prevalence of mental health issues like anxiety and depression is notably higher among autistic teenagers compared to their non-autistic peers. Anxiety and depression in autistic teenagers might not always be present in ways seen in non-autistic individuals. They might exhibit symptoms such as increased […]

20 Tips for Managing Anxiety for Autistic IndividualsBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett Anxiety is a personal experience, and each autistic individual’s journey is unique. Recognising that there is no one-size-fits-all solution is crucial. Understanding anxiety’s underlying causes and triggers is the first step in developing effective strategies. Sensory sensitivities often play a vital role in anxiety, so […]

Autism: The Impact of Anxiety on Daily LifeBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett In the world of autism, anxiety often accompanies individuals on their journey. Research indicates that up to 84% of young autistic people experience clinically elevated anxiety (White et al., 2009). What is noteworthy is that anxiety symptoms often make an early appearance in the lives […]

Autistic Burnout: Latest ResearchBy Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett The recognition of the experience of autistic burnout has primarily come from autobiographies, Internet support groups and clinical experience. Few research teams have explored the concept of autistic burnout, but Australia has taken the lead. Initial criteria for autistic burnout We have provisional criteria for autistic burnout, […]

How do I Recover from Autistic Burnout?By Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett In our previous blog, What are the Causes of Autistic Burnout, we discussed the concept of autistic burnout and some of the main causes of autistic burnout. In this blog we share fourteen strategies for recovering from autistic burnout. Recovering from Autistic Burnout: 14 Strategies […]

What can Cause Autistic Burnout?By Emma Hinze, Prof Tony Attwood and Dr Michelle Garnett In our previous blog, “Understanding Autistic Burnout”, we discussed the concept of autistic burnout and its impact on autistic individuals. In this blog, we discuss some causes of autistic burnout. Living an autistic life is not easy. The daily strain and stress can accumulate over […]

Understanding Autistic Burnout: When the World Becomes OverwhelmingBy Emma Hinze, Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett Life for autistic individuals can be challenging and filled with unique experiences and struggles that are often misunderstood by those who do not share their perspectives. Among the many challenges faced by autistic individuals, one particularly debilitating phenomenon is known as “autistic burnout.” Autistic burnout […]

Hormonal Changes and Autistic Girls & Women*By Dr Michelle Garnett and Prof Tony Attwood *The terms female, girl, and woman when used in this article refer to individuals assigned female at birth. Our current understanding of how hormonal changes impact autistic individuals, and whether this differs from the impact for non-autistic individuals is still emerging. Because the female presentation of autism […]

Understanding both ‘theory of mind’ and ‘the double empathy problem’ in autismBy Emma Hinze, Prof Tony Attwood and Dr Michelle Garnett Understanding the dynamics of communication and empathy in the context of autism requires an exploration of two interconnected concepts: “Theory of Mind” and “Double Empathy.” These frameworks offer insights into the challenges faced by autistic individuals and shed light on building meaningful connections. What is […]

What is Alexithymia?What is Alexithymia? In this article we break down Alexithymia and Emotions, Alexithymia and Autism, assessments and treatments.

What It's Like to Live With AlexithymiaLiving with autism and alexithymia can be challenging.

Theory of MindTheory of mind is typically defined as the ability to understand the thoughts, beliefs, desires, and emotions of other people. This understanding allows individuals to predict how others will feel, act, and think in a given situation. The ability arises from a “body of conceptual knowledge that underlies access to both one’s own and others’ mental states,” according to psychologist and professor Breate Sodian.

PDA in Autistic AdultsBy Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett The term PDA (pathological demand avoidance) was first used by Professor Elizabeth Newson in the 1980s. It is a behavioural profile associated with avoidance of complying with requests and extreme agitation if demands are escalated. PDA was first recognised in autistic children, and further research identified associated […]

Research on Internet Gaming and Autism By Professor Tony Attwood and Dr. Michelle Garnett Internet gaming has become very popular and is enjoyed as a means of social interaction, often with friends after school, with gaming experiences often being the currency of conversations for adolescents and young adults. Gaming is also a means of stress relief and relaxation, improving cognitive skills […]

Autism, Adolescence and HormonesBy Dr Michelle Garnett and Professor Tony Attwood Consider the following stories which are based on true cases from our clinical practice, with identifying details changed: The parents of Molly, who is 13 years-old and autistic, presents at the clinic, reeling from consecutive diagnoses of autism, anxiety, and eating disorder in the past year, wondering […]

Understanding Empathy and AutismBy Professor Tony Attwood and Dr Michelle Garnett Empathy We know that there are three forms of empathy, cognitive, affective, and behavioural, and that the expression of each is underpinned by similar and different neurological structures in the prefrontal cortex. Cognitive empathy is the ability to determine what someone is feeling or thinking by ‘reading’ […]

Tips for Managing a MeltdownWe can feel helpless when we watch our autistic child meltdown in front of us, and traditional parenting and teaching techniques do not work. What can we do? Tony and Michelle provide this free resource to help, based on over 80 years combined experience in autism. Tips for Managing a Meltdown: By Tony Attwood and […]

What Is an Autistic Meltdown?A personal look at what drives autistic meltdowns.

Autistic Anxiety and Mindstorms5 ways anxiety can show up differently in autism.

Why Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Missed in Girls5 reasons why girls with ASD are misdiagnosed.

Autistic Anxiety and Mindstorms5 ways anxiety can show up differently in autism.

How to Get Out of an Autistic Thought LoopWhy repetitive thinking, rumination, and worry can impact autistic people.

How to Manage Problems With Executive FunctionThe many tasks involved in setting out and completing a larger task.

Time BlindnessThe term time blindness describes a persistent difficulty in managing time and perceiving how quickly it passes. People who struggle with time blindness may be frequently late, find it difficult to plan their day or meet deadlines, or become easily absorbed in time-wasting activities (playing video games, for example) without realizing how much time has passed.

Raise a Confident ADHD ChildTips to boost your child’s self-esteem with parental support.

Relationship Deficit When There’s Attention DeficitFoster bonds with friends, family, and colleagues who have ADHD.

The Unseen Spectrum: Understanding ADHD in WomenFor women, ADHD is often underdetected, misinterpreted, or misdiagnosed.

The Connection Between Alexithymia and Severe ADHDIf you have a teen with severe ADHD, check if they also have alexithymia.

Attention, Concentration, ADHD, and Insecure AttachmentThink it's ADHD? Not so fast. It might be a problem with your attachment system.

How ADHD Leads to Time Blindness5 tips to stop the time warp.

Anxiety, Drama, and ADHDImpulse control and curbing negative emotions are superpowers to be practiced.

Giving Voice to Adult ADHDWhat it's really like to live with adult ADHD.

Recognising Undiagnosed ADHD in Adult Women7 considerations for early career psychologists.

ADHD and MetacognitionLearn how to reflect on thoughts, actions and emotions with a growth mindset.

What You Need to Know about ADHD Tic and Stimming BehaviorsRepetitive motor movements and vocalizations are common in ADHD.

For ADHD, White Noise Could Be an Alternative to MedicationBroadband background noise can have a positive effect on a disordered brain.

ADHD and Stronger Executive Functioning Skills7 tips for improvements without medication.

The Connection Between Sleep and ADHDResearch suggests a bidirectional link between sleep and ADHD.

Adult ADHD and FriendshipHow to reduce social anxiety and create rewarding peer relationships.

Adult ADHD and Coping With Rejection SensitivityUse these skills to transcend rejection sensitivity in your relationships.

How ADHD in Adults Impacts Anger ArousalThere are many factors that make adults with ADHD vulnerable to anger arousal.

Why ADHD Is Missed in WomenLearn how to recognize the true signs of ADHD and seek effective help.

How ADHD Can Be Passed From Parents to ChildrenGenetic transmission vs. "genetic nurture."

ADHD: The Threat-and-Soothing Cycle of ProcrastinationA mindset that lets you initiate tasks without re-triggering your threat system.

Adult ADHD and Procrastination (Or Not)When being off-task is not procrastination.

ADHD and Social AwkwardnessLearn how to maintain more rewarding conversations and connections.

What ASD and ADHD Have in CommonExploring the similarities between ASD and ADHD and what sets them apart.

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