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The communicator is a fictional device used for voice communication in the fictional universe of Star Trek. As seen in at least two instances, the Original Series episodes "Tomorrow Is Yesterday" and "Day of the Dove," it can also serve as an emergency signaling device/beacon, similar to a transponder. The communicator allows direct contact between individuals or via a ship's communication system.

The communicator in the Star Trek universe surpasses the capabilities of modern mobile phone technology, the prototypes of which it inspired. It allows crew members to contact starships in orbit without relying on a satellite to relay the signal. Communicators use subspace transmissions that do not conform to normal rules of physics in that signals can bypass EM interference, and the devices allow nearly instantaneous communication at distances that would otherwise require more time to traverse.

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In Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS), communicators functioned as a plot device, stranding characters in challenging situations when they malfunctioned, were lost or stolen, or went out of range. Otherwise, the transporter could have allowed characters to return to the ship at the first sign of trouble, ending the storyline prematurely.[2]

Throughout Star Trek: Enterprise and Star Trek: The Original Series, on-ship communication is achieved via communicator panels on desks and walls, and sometimes through the use of videophones. While formed into a landing party, the crew carried hand-held communicators that flip open. The top section contains a transceiver antenna and the bottom contains user controls, a speaker and a microphone. The device was designed and built by Wah Chang, who also built many of the other props used in the series.

Wrist-worn communicators were used in Star Trek: The Motion Picture and remained in use by some Starfleet installations and vessels during the time of The Wrath of Khan. However, the traditional handheld communicator returned in later films. The reason for the switch was not explained, but the non-canon source Mister Scott's Guide to the Enterprise offered the explanation that Starfleet discontinued use of the wrist-worn communicators when they were determined to be prone to repeated failures after suffering minor impacts.

In Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) and later series, Starfleet officers and enlisted personnel wear small communicator badges on their left breast. These devices are in the shape of the Starfleet insignia and are activated with a light tap. They also incorporate the universal translator. There have been four versions of the communicator badge seen on screen. The first was a prototype used by members of Section 31 during the second season of Star Trek: Discovery (DIS). The second was used through TNG and in the first two seasons of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9). The third was used in the last five seasons of DS9, throughout Star Trek: Voyager, the four TNG films, and in flashback scenes in Star Trek: Picard (PIC). The fourth was seen in use in 2399 in Picard. Use of the modern badges dates back at least as far as the time of the Enterprise-C. (Lt. Richard Castillo is shown wearing a communicator badge in the TNG episode "Yesterday's Enterprise," the Starfleet insignia of his TOS movie-era uniform now functioning as a communicator badge.)According to Data in the episode "Time's Arrow, Part One" at a poker game in 1893, the badge is made out of a crystalline composite of silicon, beryllium, carbon 70 and gold.

In Deep Space Nine, Bajoran officers and enlisted personnel also wear a small communicator badge that functions much the same as their Starfleet counterparts. However, Bajorans wear their badges on the right breast of their uniform tunics. Cardassians are shown wearing their communicators on their left wrist.

In the Star Trek: Strange New Worlds episode "Those Old Scientists", First Officer Una Chin-Reilly shows the time-traveling Ensign Boimler's communicator delta to Captain Christopher Pike. Upon seeing that the communicator activates with a simple button press, Pike remarks that "flipping it open's the best part."

When creating a communicator, a unique rank between 0 and n-1 has to be assigned to each of the n CUDA devices whichare part of the communicator. Using the same CUDA device multiple times as different ranks of the same NCCLcommunicator is not supported and may lead to hangs.

Given a static mapping of ranks to CUDA devices, the ncclCommInitRank(), ncclCommInitRankConfig() andncclCommInitAll() functions will create communicator objects, each communicator object being associated to afixed rank and CUDA device. Those objects will then be used to launch communication operations.

Before calling ncclCommInitRank(), you need to first create a unique object which will be used by all processesand threads to synchronize and understand they are part of the same communicator. This is done by calling thencclGetUniqueId() function.

You can also call the ncclCommInitAll operation to create n communicator objects at once within a single process. As itis limited to a single process, this function does not permit inter-node communication. ncclCommInitAll is equivalentto calling a combination of ncclGetUniqueId and ncclCommInitRank.

The ncclCommSplit function can be used to create a communicators based on existing one. This allows to split an existingcommunicator into multiple sub-partitions, duplicate an existing communicator, or even create a single communicator withless ranks.

The ncclCommSplit function needs to be called by all ranks in the original communicator. If some ranks will not be partof any sub-group, they still need to call ncclCommSplit with color being NCCL_SPLIT_NOCOLOR.

Newly created communicators will inherit the parent communicator configuration (e.g. non-blocking).If the parent communicator operates in non-blocking mode, a ncclCommSplit operation may be stopped by calling ncclCommAborton the parent communicator, then on any new communicator returned. This is because a hang could happen duringoperations on any of the two communicators.

ncclCommFinalize will transition a communicator from the ncclSuccess state to the ncclInProgress state, startcompleting all operations in the background and synchronize with other ranks which may be using resources for theircommunications with other ranks.All uncompleted operations and network-related resources associated to a communicator will be flushed and freed withncclCommFinalize.Once all NCCL operations are complete, the communicator will transition to the ncclSuccess state. Users canquery that state with ncclCommGetAsyncError.If a communicator is marked as nonblocking, this operation is nonblocking; otherwise, it is blocking.

Once a communicator has been finalized, the next step is to free all resources, including the communicator itself.Local resources associated to a communicator can be destroyed with ncclCommDestroy. If the state of a communicatorbecome ncclSuccess before calling ncclCommDestroy, ncclCommDestroy call will guarantee nonblocking; on the contrary,ncclCommDestroy might be blocked.In all cases, ncclCommDestroy call will free resources of the communicator and return, andthe communicator should not longer be accessed after ncclCommDestroy returns.

(3) ncclInvalidArgument indicates an argument value is incorrect, like a NULL pointer, or an out-of-bounds value.When this error is returned, the NCCL call had no effect. The group state remains unchanged, the communicator isstill functioning normally. The application can call ncclCommAbort or continue as if the call did not happen.This error will be returned immediately for a call happening within a group and applies to that specific NCCLcall. It will not be returned by ncclGroupEnd since ncclGroupEnd takes no argument.

(6) Dynamic errors for operations within a group are always reported by ncclGroupEnd and apply to all operationswithin the group, which may or may not have completed. The application must call ncclCommAbort on all communicatorswithin the group.

Some communication errors, and in particular network errors, are reported through the ncclCommGetAsyncError function.Operations experiencing an asynchronous error will usually not progress and never complete. When an asynchronous errorhappens, the operation should be aborted and the communicator destroyed using ncclCommAbort.When waiting for NCCL operations to complete, applications should call ncclCommGetAsyncError and destroy thecommunicator when an error happens.

NCCL provides a set of features to allow applications to recover from fatal errors such as network failure,node failure, or process failure. When such an error happens, the application should be able to call ncclCommAborton the communicator to free all resources, then recreate a new communicator to continue.All NCCL calls can be non-blocking to ensure ncclCommAbort can be called at any point, during initialization,communication or when finalizing the communicator.

To correctly abort, when any rank in a communicator fails (e.g., due to segmentation fault), all other ranks need tocall ncclCommAbort to abort their own NCCL communicator.Users can implement methods to decide when and whether to abort the communicators and restart the NCCL operation.Here is an example showing how to initialize and split a communicator in a non-blocking manner, allowing for abort at any point:

In my program, I have wrapped up some MPI communicators in to a data structure. Unfortunately, sometimes the destructor of an object of this type might get called before it has been initialized. In my destructor, I of course call MPI_Comm_Free. But if this is called on an invalid communicator the code crashes.

I've been looking through the MPI standard, but I can't find a function to test if a communicator is valid. I also assume I can't use MPI_Comm_set_errhandler to try and catch the free exception because there isn't a valid communicator to set the handler of. I could maintain a flag value of my own saying if the communicator is valid, but I prefer to avoid duplicating state information like that. Is there any built in way I can safely check if a communicator is valid? ff782bc1db