3.1.1 Identify and map effective practice models for Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in seascapes of NMC

Hypothesis : Access to relevant information

Indicators : Matrix of effective models with preliminary assessment of feasibility in NMC sites; Criteria for assessing candidate sites developed; Existence of best practice document

Considered as a new approach, this will consist first in compiling identified effective practice models that have been listed by the different implementing partners. Then, analysis/reflection on how to scale up at the regional level will be done.

This activity is expected to take place at the beginning of 2024.

Various activities from implementing partners will feed into this desktop review, including:

• MIHARI - Inventory and assessment of practical models for the management and governance of marine resources applied at the LMMA level: 30 LMMAs consulted (11% Madagascar’s LMMAs including 57% Diana region’s ones)

• AMA - 2 Local assessments of different groups in communities were carried out (Mecufe and Metugi)

• Sea Sense – Assessment of reef closures, establishment of other income for funding BMU operations, identification of fisheries bylaws application in Somanga in Kilwa District and identification of best practices in beekeeping Kibiti District

• AIDE – A matrix of 20 effective practices was established and is being narrowed down and finalized

3.1.2 Identify sites for participation in the project/learning networks, characterized by community-based marine resource management

Hypothesis : Access to relevant information; Participation of the sites in the survey

Indicators : List of sites and independent supporters

The targeted communities sites and their respective resource gaps will be identified. Based on this first activity, the partners will be able to develop tailored training materials.

This activity will mostly take place over the two first quarters of 2024.

3.1.3 Develop support package – (diverse tools)

Hypothesis : Access to the CHM platform for target groups; The content of the platform is relevant to the target groups

Indicators : Adapted support tools available; Inclusion of the tools in the Clearing House Mechanism (as online platform)

Regional workshop to bringing learning institutions together and share on best practices. The workshop will convene national key actors (from the intervention sites of each country) for them to discuss how best to fill gaps in terms of capacity building of coastal communities across the WIO region. Representatives from the most appropriate training institutions are expected to participate in this regional workshop. The representatives of the CSOs at national level are also expected to join the workshop.

To date, activities conducted related to learning network at national and regional level includes the following:

• CORDIO - A regional learning exchange conducted in Kwale and Kilifi counties (Kenya) for Tanzania and Mozambique teams and in Pangani District (Tanga region in Tanzania) for Kenyan teams, to gain greater understanding of successful approaches to sustainable practices and community-based initiatives in the region

• MIHARI - Identified of 4 sites (2 MPAs Ankivonjy and Nosy Tany Kely and 2 LMMAs Antanamitarana and Ambatozavavy). 1 workshop conducted in the Diana region, including 3 sites, followed by 3 field visits (1 visit per site)

• Sea Sense - 20 coastal communities in Lindi Region have participated in the learning networks. Dissemination and discussion on good practices for fishing pattern survey in Tanzania with fishing pattern survey results disseminated in 10 villages in Tanzania. An assessment of community compliance with fisheries management plan. A learning exchange to Somanga BMU in Kilwa, Tanzania

• AIDE - 19 sites and independent supporters identified. An exchange visit to a mangrove restoration project site in Wani, Comoros; restoration site, mangrove restoration, sustainable fisheries techniques and ecotourism

• AMA - 2 Community Coalition Partnerships (in Mecufe and Metugi) and areas for mangrove restoration identified. An exchange visit between communities who are implementing the local initiative for livelihood (i.e Bakery local initiative)

3.1.4. Establish an online portal and platform to enable access to learning material, tool kits,

guides, etc. and access to a community of practice

Indicators : Online platform

Some implementing partners (i.e. AIDE and MIHARI) have been using their own website and media networks to promote and share CBNRM best practices at local and national levels. In order to scale this sharing platform at the regional level, discussions are ongoing to compare various options. An user-friendly platform that is accessible to community members. Some available options include SSF Hub and Panorama Solutions, though these platforms have technical requirements making them not appropriate for community members. Alternative methods for distributing educational materials include providing graphical designs and videos containing the intended message for sharing. Additionally, designing a user-friendly platform for sending updates to community members, such as through text messages, can enhance communication.

3.2.1 Establish a shared vision of CBNRM through a shared Theory of Change

Hypothesis: sites / participants participating in annual workshops

Indicators : Annual national workshops (report, number of participants, topics covered)

A shared vision for CBNRM in the region was co-developed by the WWF and CORDIO in 2022 duringthe WIOMSA Symposium week. A theory of change is being finalized and will be adopted during the planned regional learning network workshop 2024.

• Sea Sense - learning network established in Tanzania; 2 days workshop for Tanzania Women Fish Workers Association (TAWFA) with the aim of developing a National Action Plan to address challenges faced by women working in the small-scale fisheries sector 

• AIDE - A learning network launched in Comoros in June 2023

• AMA - Diagnose and strengthen Mecude and Bandar CCPs;  provincial workshop - Tanzania Women Fish Workers Association (TAWFA) with the aim of developing a National Action Plan to address challenges faced by women working in the small-scale fisheries sector

• MIHARI - The Terms of Reference and the methodological approaches have been designed; a subnational training was organized

3.2.2 Summarise evidence to support the ToC, identify key assumptions and summarise evidence to support these

Hypothesis: Security and context are favorable for trading, Communities value their role

Indicators : Learning network designed and described; Exchange visits documented through report, blogs and community-relevant outputs; Participatory outcome monitoring system designed and implemented

A shared vision for CBNRM in the region is developed, and the theory of change is being finalized.

This activity will be consolidated throughout the regional workshop in June 2024.

• CORDIO - A regional learning exchange conducted in Kwale and Kilifi counties, Kenya for Tanzania and Mozambique teams and Pangani District, Tanga region in Tanzania for Kenyan teams, to gain greater understanding of successful approaches to sustainable practices and community-based initiatives in the region. 

• Sea Sense - Dissemination and discussion on good practices for fishing pattern survey in Tanzania with fishing pattern survey results disseminated in 10 villages in Tanzania. An assessment of community compliance with fisheries management plan. A learning exchange to Somanga BMU in Kilwa, Tanzania

• AIDE - An exchange visit to a mangrove restoration project site in Wani, Comoros; restoration site, mangrove restoration, sustainable fisheries techniques and ecotourism

• AMA - An exchange visit between community whom are implementing the local iniative for livelihood (i.e Bakery local initiative)

3.2.3 Identify most promising CBNRM models and facilitate learning exchanges to learn

together

Hypothesis: Appropriate and funded interventions are identified (small scale), Communities see the value of support and participate

Indicators : Participatory programme design documents developed, examited and selected ones approved; Participatory outcome monitoring system implemented; Training and online/mobile tool use monitored

The identification of the most promising CBNRM models will be conducted through a consultancy during the first quarter 2024. It will be conducted in close collaboration with the implementing partners (Sea Sense, AMA, MIHARI and AIDE).

• Sea Sense - In Malalani Tanzania, Sea Sense conducted a training session on fisheries data collection and management. They have also supported discussions in Lindi and South Kilwa in Tanzania on issues such as illegal fishing practices, fishing licence, port construction, seaweed farming and marketing, and the role of District Fisheries Officers. As such, 8 out of 10 BMUs have closed a reef for fisheries management purposes; 6/ 9 BMUs have restored an area of mangrove forest; 8/10 BMus have commenced fisheries revenue collection activities; All 10 BMUs are using fisheries data collection forms; 7/10 BMUs have installed beehives and 3 CFMAs have been established and have joint work plans and bylaws.

Training session on fisheries data collection and management held in Malalani. Support for discussions in Lindi and South Kilwa on issues such as illegal fishing practices, fishing licences, port construction, seaweed farming and marketing, and the role of District Fisheries Officers. 8 out of 10 BMUs have closed a reef for fisheries management purposes. 6/ 9 BMUs have restored an area of mangrove forest. 8/10 BMus have commenced fisheries revenue collection activities All 10 BMUs are using fisheries data collection forms. 7/10 BMUs have installed beehives. 3 CFMAs have been established and have joint work plans and bylaws.

• CORDIO - IN Kenya, CORDIO supported the elaboration of a Co-Management Area Plan for Munje BMU submitted to the Kenya Fisheries Service for Munje for approval. A policy brief on enforcement and compliance in SSF is now being drafted to be shared with relevant governments as a result of a regional workshop held in Dar Es Salaam. Furthermore, CORDIO also supported the establishment of Munje BMU octopus fisheries closure to improve livelihood and increasing areas under effective management. Further activities will take place in the second half of 2024 based on outcomes from the regional learning network workshop.

Supporting the elaboration of a Co-Management Area Plan for Munje BMU submitted to the Kenya Fisheries Service for Munje for approval. A policy brief on enforcement and compliance in SSF is now being drafted to be shared with relevant governments as a result of a regional workshop held in Dar Es Salaam. Supporting the establishment of Munje BMU octopus fisheries closure to improve livelihood and increasing areas under effective management.

3.2.4 Write case studies

Hypothesis: Impact of project activities and indicators are relevant / can be measured

Indicators : Participatory outcome monitoring system implemented; Dissemination documents and activities documented; Modification of tools recorded, their use tracked

This activity will take place in the second half of 2024 based on outcomes from the regional learning

network workshop. This would be the full documentation of the case studies.