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The biathlon is a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. It is treated as a race, with contestants skiing through a cross-country trail whose distance is divided into shooting rounds. The shooting rounds are not timed per se, but depending on the competition, missed shots result in extra distance or time being added to the contestant's total.

According to Encyclopdia Britannica, the biathlon "is rooted in the skiing traditions of Scandinavia, where early inhabitants revered the Norse god Ullr as both the ski god and the hunting god."[1] In modern times, the activity that developed into this sport was an exercise for Norwegians as alternative training for the military. Norwegian skiing regiments organized military skiing contests in the 18th century, divided into four classes: shooting at mark while skiing at top speed, downhill race among trees, downhill race on big hills without falling, and a long race on flat ground while carrying a rifle and military pack. In modern terminology, these military contests included downhill, slalom, biathlon, and cross-country skiing.[2] One of the world's first known ski clubs, Trysil Skytte- og Skilberforening (the Trysil Rifle and Ski Club), was formed in Norway in 1861 to promote national defense at the local level. 20th century variants include Forsvarsrennet (the military contest), a 17 km cross-country race with shooting, and the military cross-country race at 30 km including marksmanship.

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The modern biathlon is a civilian variant of the old military combined exercise.[3] In Norway, the biathlon was until 1984 a branch of Det frivillige Skyttervesen, an organization set up by the government to promote civilian marksmanship in support of national defence. In Norwegian, the biathlon is called skiskyting (literally ski shooting).[4] In Norway, there are still separate contests in skifeltskyting, a cross-country race at 12 km with large-caliber rifle shooting at various targets with unknown range.[5]

The first Biathlon World Championship was held in 1958 in Austria, and in 1960 the sport was finally included in the Olympic Games.[4] At Albertville in 1992, women were first allowed in the Olympic biathlon. The pursuit format was added for the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and the IBU added mixed relay as a format for the 2006 Olympics.[6]

In 1948, the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM) was founded to standardize the rules for the modern pentathlon and from 1953 also biathlon. In July 1993, the biathlon branch of the UIPMB created the International Biathlon Union (IBU), which officially separated from the UIPMB in 1998.

The following articles list major international biathlon events and medalists. Unlike the Olympics and World Championships (BWCH), the World Cup (BWC) is an entire winter season of (mostly) weekly races, where the medalists are those with the highest sums of World Cup points at the end of the season.

A biathlon competition consists of a race in which contestants ski through a cross-country trail system whose total distance is divided into either two or four shooting rounds, half in the prone position, the other half standing. Depending on the shooting performance, extra distance or time is added to the contestant's total skiing distance/time. The contestant with the shortest total time wins.

In order to keep track of the contestants' progress and relative standing throughout a race, split times (intermediate times) are taken at several points along the skiing track and upon finishing each shooting round. The large display screens commonly set up at biathlon arenas, as well as the information graphics shown as part of the TV picture, will typically list the split time of the fastest contestant at each intermediate point and the times and time differences to the closest runners-up.

In the Olympics, all cross-country skiing techniques are permitted in the biathlon, allowing the use of skate skiing,[13] which is overwhelmingly the choice of competitors. The minimum ski length is the height of the skier minus 4 cm. The rifle has to be carried by the skier during the race at all times.

The target range shooting distance is 50 m (55 yd). There are five circular shooting targets to be hit in each shooting round. When shooting in the prone position, the target diameter is 45 mm (1.8 in); when shooting in the standing position, the target diameter is 115 mm (4.5 in). This translates to angular target sizes of 0.9 and 2.3 mrad respectively. On all modern biathlon ranges, the targets are self-indicating, in that they flip from black to white when hit, giving the biathlete, as well as the spectators, instant visual feedback for each shot fired.[12]

In a pursuit, biathletes' starts are separated by their time differences from a previous race,[20] most commonly a sprint. The contestant crossing the finish line first is the winner. The distance is 12.5 km for men and 10 km for women, skied over five laps; there are four shooting bouts (two prone, two standing, in that order) and each miss means a penalty loop of 150 m. To prevent awkward or dangerous crowding of the skiing loops and overcapacity at the shooting range, World Cup Pursuits are held with only the 60 top-ranking biathletes after the preceding race. The biathletes shoot on a first-come, first-served basis at the lane corresponding to the position they arrived for all shooting bouts. If the pursuit follows an individual biathlon race, the lag behind the winner is halved.[21]

The broadcast distribution being one indicator, the constellation of a sport's main sponsors usually gives a similar, and correlated, indication of popularity: for biathlon, these are the Germany-based companies BMW (cars), Erdinger (beer), Viessmann (boilers and other heating systems) and DKB (banking).

The word "biathlon" stems from the Greek word for two contests, and is today seen as the joining of two sports: skiing and shooting. Biathlon has its roots in survival skills practised in the snow-covered forests of Scandinavia, where people hunted on skis with rifles slung over their shoulders.

In 1948, the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (UIPMB) was founded to standardise the rules for biathlon and pentathlon. In 1993, the biathlon branch of the UIPMB created the International Biathlon Union (IBU), which officially separated from the UIPMB in 1998.

Biathlon-type events in Scandinavia are known to have been held as early as the 18th century. The first modern biathlon probably occurred in 1912, when the Norwegian military organised the Forvarsrennet in Oslo. An annual event, it consisted initially of a 17km cross-country ski race with two-minute penalties incurred by misses in the shooting part of the competition.

This is your chance to give the sport of biathlon a shot! During the winter season, Discover Biathlon with a cross country skiing lesson and professional instruction on our Olympic Biathlon Range. Take a ski lesson to start the program or just join us on the range to zero in your shooting skills. You will be treated to an hour-long PSIA ski lesson, an informative video on Biathlon, and professional instruction on our Olympic Biathlon Range.

Race events include an individual biathlon (run/swim), two-person (run or swim) relay biathlon, and mini kids' biathlon. For the regular biathlon, the swim is a half-mile ocean swim, and the run is 5K.

3. In biathlon, athletes with vision impairments use rifles which make a sound to help them aim. Depending on the signal intensity, the noise indicates when the athlete is on target.

US Biathlon is recognized by the International Biathlon Union and the Unites States Olympic and Paralympic Committee as the National Governing Body for Biathlon in the United States. US Biathlon fosters the growth of the biathlon community in the U.S., striving to stand atop the international biathlon stage and be a leading organization for supporting athletes and clubs, prioritizing athlete well-being, and acting with integrity. US Biathlon works with biathlon clubs and regional centers around the country to organize training and competition at the grass roots level and staffs and finances the US Biathlon National Team, Development Team, and Junior Team.

The biathlon program at Blackhawk Ski Club has grown from a small group of participants to the leader in expanding biathlon opportunities to youth and adults in Wisconsin and surrounding States. Recent events have included races, shooting and safety clinics, and helping biathlon programs get started in Green Bay, Hayward, and Iola.

The Blackhawk biathlon area is open to club members when participating in practices, introduction to biathlon sessions, or races. The 50-meter biathlon area includes lighting for evening practices and is connected to the man-made snow network of trails. Club members interested in use of the 50-meter shooting area need prior biathlon safety certification or to be involved in an organized club biathlon activity.

In our two hour "Try Biathlon" sessions we will learn about biathlon equipment, history, and safety. After some classroom time, participants will receive shooting instruction, practice shooting at targets, and then combing skiing/running and shooting in a short, easy biathlon course. The region also hosts "novice" events throughout the season.

With a huge sense of appreciation, we are excited to announce approval for the extension of the biathlon trail to our neighbors property to the southwest of the range. Eventually, we will add 1.5K of rolling terrain to the existing trail. The extension will only be accessible for Blackhawk biathlon members who are also USBA members. You may not use this extension if you are not both BH and USBA members due to insurance requirements.

Seeley Lake Nordic announces the first annual Arrowleaf Mountain Bike Biathlon. Building on the popular Seeley Lake Biathlon, we are hosting a fall bike biathlon. Earlier this summer, Seeley Lake Nordic made some improvements to the Biathlon Range, funded in part with a Missoula County Micro Grant, and we are eager to test out the improved range and trails at Seeley Creek. e24fc04721