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The tag_hash_106 HTML element represents a section of a page whose purpose is to provide navigation links, either within the current document or to other documents. Common examples of navigation sections are menus, tables of contents, and indexes.

The semantics of the nav element is that of providing links. However a nav element doesn't have to contain a list, it can contain other kinds of content as well. In this navigation block, links are provided in prose:

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router.push and all the other navigation methods return a Promise that allows us to wait till the navigation is finished and to know if it succeeded or failed. We will talk more about that in Navigation Handling.

As the name suggests, the navigation guards provided by Vue router are primarily used to guard navigations either by redirecting it or canceling it. There are a number of ways to hook into the route navigation process: globally, per-route, or in-component.

Global before guards are called in creation order, whenever a navigation is triggered. Guards may be resolved asynchronously, and the navigation is considered pending before all hooks have been resolved.

A Route Location: Redirect to a different location by passing a route location as if you were calling router.push(), which allows you to pass options like replace: true or name: 'home'. The current navigation is dropped and a new one is created with the same from.

In previous versions of Vue Router, it was also possible to use a third argument next, this was a common source of mistakes and went through an RFC to remove it. However, it is still supported, meaning you can pass a third argument to any navigation guard. In that case, you must call next exactly once in any given pass through a navigation guard. It can appear more than once, but only if the logical paths have no overlap, otherwise the hook will never be resolved or produce errors. Here is a bad example of redirecting the user to /login if they are not authenticated:

You can register a global guard with router.beforeResolve. This is similar to router.beforeEach because it triggers on every navigation, but resolve guards are called right before the navigation is confirmed, after all in-component guards and async route components are resolved. Here is an example that ensures the user has given access to the Camera for routes that have defined a custom meta property requiresCamera:

Since Vue 3.3, it is possible to use inject() within navigation guards. This is useful for injecting global properties like the pinia stores. Anything that is provided with app.provide() is also accessible within router.beforeEach(), router.beforeResolve(), router.afterEach():

The beforeRouteEnter guard does NOT have access to this, because the guard is called before the navigation is confirmed, thus the new entering component has not even been created yet.

However, you can access the instance by passing a callback to next. The callback will be called when the navigation is confirmed, and the component instance will be passed to the callback as the argument:

Bootup time varies based on the device and its capabilities, but the time involved can be substantial, sometimes up to a half a second when a CPU is slow, or is working in a throttled state due to ambient conditions. The performance gain of avoiding the network is likely to outweigh this startup time when your navigation responses are served from a Cache instance. For navigation requests that go to the network, introducing a service worker can create a perceptible delay.

Navigation preload is a service worker feature that solves the delay caused by service worker bootup time. Without navigation preload enabled, both the service worker's bootup and the navigation request it handles will occur consecutively:

While navigation preload is a great performance optimization for sites that use service workers, it's not a feature you should enable in all situations. In particular, sites that use a precached app shell don't need navigation preload, as the cache serves the navigation request for the app shell markup without any navigation latency. In these cases, the preloaded response will go to waste, which isn't great.

The best time to use navigation preload is when a website can't precache HTML. Think of websites where markup responses are dynamic and vary with stuff like authentication state. Navigation requests for these may use a network-first (or even a network-only) strategy, and that's where navigation preload can make a big difference.

Using navigation preload directly in a service worker not powered by Workbox is tricky. First, it's not supported in all browsers. Secondly, it can be difficult to get right. You can learn how to use it directly in this great explainer by Jake Archibald.

Workbox simplifies using navigation preload, because the workbox-navigation-preload module's enable method does the necessary feature support checks, as well as creating the activate event listener to enable it for you.

In development builds, Workbox logs a lot about what it does. If you want to check if navigation preload is working in Workbox, open the console in a supporting browser during a navigation request and you'll see a log message saying as much:

This logging won't be visible in production builds by default, so you won't see this when you deploy your service worker to production, but it's a great way to verify that navigation preload is working (among other things).

When using navigation preload, there may be scenarios where it's necessary to customize preloaded responses in an application backend. Service workers that stream partial content from the network is one scenario where this might be handy.

Navigation preload is hard to get right when used directly, but that hard work is worth it to ensure that a service worker doesn't hold the browser up from making navigation requests. Thanks to Workbox, you can benefit from navigation preload with a lot less work. To get more details on the workbox-navigation-preload module, check out its reference documentation.

Navbar navigation links build on our .nav options with their own modifier class and require the use of toggler classes for proper responsive styling. Navigation in navbars will also grow to occupy as much horizontal space as possible to keep your navbar contents securely aligned.

The SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info

See in Glossary view has a set of navigation controls to help you move around efficiently:

Use the Flythrough modeA Scene view navigation mode that allows you to fly around the scene in first-person, similar to how you would navigate in many games. More info

See in Glossary to fly around the Scene view in first-person, similar to how you would navigate in many games.

As you learned in links, the element with the href attribute creates links that users can follow by clicking ortapping. In lists, you learned how to create lists of content. In this section, you will discover how to group lists oflinks together to create navigation.

There are several types of navigation and several ways to display them. Named anchors within text linking to other pages withinthe same website are considered local navigation. Local navigation that consists of a series of links displaying the hierarchy ofthe current page in relation to the site's structure, or the pages the user followed to get to the current page, is called a breadcrumb.A page's table of contents is another type of local navigation. A page containing hierarchical links to every single page on a site is calleda site map. The navigation section leading to the top-level pages of the website which is found on every page is called global navigation.Global navigation can be displayed in several different ways, including navigation bars, drop-down menus, and flyout menus.The same site may display its global navigation differently, depending on the viewport size.

Always make sure users can navigate to any page on your site with the fewest number of clicks, while making sure the navigationis intuitive and not overwhelming. That said, there are no specific requirements for navigational elements. MachineLearningWorkshop.com,being a single-page website, has a local navigation bar in the top right; this is where multi-page sites often put their global navigation.

If you are viewing this page on web.dev, you can spot a few navigational features. There is a breadcrumb above the title,an "on this page" table of contents after the title, and a "Learn HTML" table of contents that, depending on the width of your screen,is either always displayed or made visible with the click of a menu button. The first element on the page is a hidden link to #main, which enables you to skip both the sidebar and breadcrumb links.

The skip-to-content link scrolls the main content into view. The first element is the heading with the title of this section.In this case, Marking up navigation. The main heading is followed by the tagline, a brief description of the contents of thistutorial. Whether the table of contents navigation comes before or after the heading in the codebase depends on the width of your browser.

Including the aria-label attributeprovides a brief description of the purpose of the navigation. In this case, as the value of the attribute is redundant totext that is visible on the page, it is preferable to use aria-labelledbyto reference the visible text. 2351a5e196