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LOCATION: Southern India (Gujarat and the Deccan)
GOTRA: xx VED: xx ISHT: xx
KULDEVI: Chárbhujjai
FOUNDED: 690
ANNEXATION: 1189
RELIGION: Hindu
STATES / ESTATES:
Akhiapur, Birsinghpur, Delhi, Pokhra Ansari, Ramnagar, Usah etc.
BRANCHES:
SHORT HISTORY:
The name Chalukya is derived from challu, because the founder of the race was formed in the challu or 'hollow of the hand', when the Rishis summoned their four Kshatriya champions from the flames of the agni kunda on Mount Abu. The name later changed over time into Solanki. (#1 p.127)
The Chalukya were several South Indian dynasties that ruled in the Deccan and are considered to be natives to the Karnataka region. They claimed descent from Pulakesin I (reigned 543-566), who established himself at Badami (in Bijapur) and who asserted their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakesin II (reigned 609–642). The Early Chalukyas held power in northern Karnataka from the 6th century until 757, and were rivals to the Pallavas. Vengi (in East Andhra Pradesh) became the centre of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty, which ruled there from 624 until the 11th century, surviving the fall of the Early Chalukyas in Badami. The Late Chalukyas gained ascendancy in the Deccan about 973, centered at Kalyani. The history of the Kalyani Chalukya kingdom was largely one of war with the Cholas and defense against the incursions of the Turks and Arabs who were plundering North India. The kingdom broke up in 1189. A Prince of the Western Chalukya branch, named Mulraja, ruled in Gujarat from Anhilwara, and gave rise to the Solanki Dynasty. A scion of this branch, Rao Vyaghra Dev, moved to Bagelkhand in the middle of the 14th century, and obtained the fortress of Marpha, 18 miles northeast of Kalinjar,and was the founder of the Vaghela or Baghela Dynasty.
Around the 8th century, a band of Solanki adventurers left Tonk in Rajputana and settled under the leadership of Raja Maldeo Sarmani in the Etah district, where their descendants are still to be found. They later found a colony in Budaun district as well. Rulers were...
EARLY CHALUKYA:
Ruled in Gujarat 543/747 (TREE) - This branch of the Chalukyas of Badami is referred to as the "Eastern/Early Chalukyas" by the historians. Pulakesin II, the renowned ruler of Chalukyas conquered Vengi (near Eluru) in 624 and installed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana on the throne. They ruled at first from Pistapura, then from Vengi and later from Rajamahendri (Rajahmundry).
Raja Pulakesin I, Raja of Badami 543/566, he founded Vatapi (modern Badami in Bijapur district) and made it his capital.
Raja Kirtivarman I, Raja of Badami 566/597, he further extended the boundaries of the Chalukya kingdom
Raja Manglesh, Raja of Badami 597/608
Raja Pulakesin II, Raja of Badami 608/642, was the greatest ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. He consolidated his authority in Maharashtra and conquered large parts of the Deccan around 616AD. He clashed successfully with the Pallava empire in Tamil Nadu, and also conquered the Cheras and the Pandyas. In 609 (624?), he appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as the Viceroy of Vengi, who subsequently declared his independence and established the Eastern Chalukya Empire. His greatest achievement was his victory against Raja Harshvardhan, Uttarapatheshvara (Lord of the North), in 620, around this time he received the title of Dakshinapatheshvara (Lord of the South), however, he was defeated and killed by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman in 642 and his capital, Vatapi was completely destroyed, he married and had issue. He died 642.
Raja Vikramaditya I (qv)
Raja Kubja Vishnuvardhana (see below)
Prince Jayasimhavarman, married and had issue.
Avanijanashraya Pulakesin
Raja Vikramaditya I, Raja of Badami 642/680, also as great a ruler as his father, he renewed the struggle against the Pallavas and recovered the former glory of the Chalukyas, although the clashes with the Pallava Empire continued until Vikramaditya II won a comprehensive victory against the Pallavas in 735.
Raja Vinayaditya, Raja of Badami 680/696
Raja Vijayaditya, Raja of Badami 696/733, married and had issue.
Raja Vikramaditya II (qv)
Raja Vikramaditya II, Raja of Badami 733/745, attacked and invaded Kanchipuram three times, and won a comprehensive victory against the Pallavas in 735 forcing their King into exile, married (a), Rani Lokamahadevi, a Haihaya Princess, married (b), Rani Trailokyamahadevi, a Haihaya Princess, and had issue. He died 745.
Raja Kirti Varman II (qv)
Raja Kirti Varman II, last Raja of Badami 745/753, defeated by the Pandya king at Venbai, his western provinces as well as the Telugu provinces of Kalinga and Kosala in the south and east were wrested from him by Dantigurda who also allied himself with the Pallava king, thus isolating Kirtivarman completely, and he was finally overthrown by Raja Dantidurga of the Rashtrakutas in 753.
INTERREGNUM 753/848, the Deccan under Muslim rule, Chalukya rule continues at Vengi.
EASTERN CHALUKYA:
Ruled in in the Deccan from Vengi 624/1075 (TREE). This branch of the Chalukyas of Badami is referred to as the "Eastern Chalukyas" by the historians. Pulakesin II, the renowned ruler of Chalukyas conquered Vengi (near Eluru) in 624 and installed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana on the throne. They ruled at first from Pistapura, then from Vengi and later from Rajamahendri (Rajahmundry). In 1189, the Empire succumbed to the Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra and the Yadavas of Yadugiri.
Raja Kubja Vishnuvardhana I, Raja of Vengi 624/641, initially installed as Viceroy by his brother, he declared himself independent and expanded his dominions which now contained Srikakulam in the north and Nellore in the south, he married and had issue. He died 641.
Raja Jayasimha I (qv)
Raja Indra Bhattaraka (qv)
Raja Jayasimha I, Raja of Vengi 641/673
Raja Indra Bhattaraka, Raja of Vengi in 673, married and had issue.
Raja Vishnuvardhana II (qv)
Rao Indravarman
Raja Vishnuvardhana II, Raja of Vengi 673/681, married and had issue.
Raja Mangi Yuvaraja I (qv)
Raja Mangi Yuvaraja I, Raja of Vengi 681/705, then followed a period of unrest characterised by family feuds and weak rulers. In the meanwhile, the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed ousted Chalukyas of Badami. The weak rulers of Vengi had to meet the challenge of the Rashtrakutas, who overran their kingdom more than once, married and had issue.
Raja Jayasimha (qv)
Rao Vijayadityavarman, married and had issue.
Rao Kokilivarma Anivarita
Raja Vishnuvardhana III (qv)
Raja Kokuli Vikramaditya Bhattaraka, briefly Raja of Vengi, married and had issue.
Rao Raja Mangi Yuvaraja II
Raja Jayasimha II, Raja of Vengi 705/718
Raja Vishnuvardhana III, Raja of Vengi 718/755, married and had issue.
Raja Vijayaditya I (qv)
Raja Vijayaditya I, Raja of Vengi 755/772, married and had issue.
Raja Vishnuvardhana IV (qv)
Raja Vishnuvardhana IV, Raja of Vengi 772/808, married and had issue.
Raja Vijayaditya II (qv)
Rao Bhima Salukki
Rao Nrparudra
Raja Vijayaditya II, Raja of Vengi 808/847, married and had issue.
Raja Vishnuvardhana V (qv)
Raja Vishnuvardhana V, Raja of Vengi 847/848, married and had issue.
Rao Ayyapa
Raja Vijayaditya III (qv)
Rao Vikramaditya I, married and had issue.
Raja Bhima I (qv)
Rao Yuddamalla I, married and had issue.
Raja Tadapa I, married and had issue.
Raja Yuddamalla II (qv)
Raja Vijayaditya III, Raja of Vengi 848/892, died 892.
Raja Bhima I, Raja of Vengi 892/921, he succeeded his uncle in 892, he built a temple in honour of Siva at Draksharama; married and had issue.
Raja Vijayaditya IV (qv)
Raja Vikramaditya II (qv)
Raja Vijayaditya IV, Raja of Vengi in 921, married and had issue.
Raja Amma I [?aka Vijayaditya V] (qv)
Raja Bhima II (qv)
Raja Amma I, Raja of Vengi 921/927, compelled to take refuge in the fort of Pithapuram, where he founded a dynasty; married and had issue.
Raja Vijayaditya V (qv)
Rao Bhima
Raja Vijayaditya V, Raja of Vengi in 927
Raja Vikramaditya II, Raja of Vengi 927/928
Raja Yuddamalla II, Raja of Vengi 928/935, married and had issue.
Raja Badapa
Raja Tadapa II, married and had issue.
Raja Yuddamalla III
Raja Bhima II, Raja of Vengi 935/947, married and had issue.
Raja Amma II [aka Vijayaditya VI] (qv)
Raja Danarnava (qv)
Raja Amma II, Raja of Vengi 947/970
Raja Danarnava, Raja of Vengi 970/973, married and had issue. He died 973.
Raja Saktivarman I (qv)
Raja Vimaladitya (qv)
Raja Jata Choda Bhima, Raja of Vengi 973/1000, from Pedakallu in Kurnool district.
Raja Saktivarman I, Raja of Vengi 1000/1011
Raja Vimaladitya, Raja of Vengi 1011/1018, fled from the Kingdom and took refuge in the court of the Chola King Rajaraja I (985/1016), Rajaraja invaded Vengi on behalf of the sons of Danarnava. In this war, Jata Choda Bhima was killed and Vengi passed into the hands of Rajaraja. This was not liked by Satyasraya, an early ruler of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. As a result of this, Vengi became the bone of contention between the Cholas and Chalukyas of Kalyani to the west, married Rani Kundavai, daughter of King Rajaraja I Chola, and had issue.
Raja Vijayaditya VII (qv)
Raja Rajaraja Narendra (qv)
Raja Rajaraja Narendra, Raja of Vengi 1018/1061, married and had issue. He died 1064.
Raja Rajakesari Kulottunga Chola I [Rajendra Chalukya], succeeded to the Chola Empire in 1070.
Raja Saktivarman II, Raja of Vengi 1061/1063
Raja Vijayaditya VII, Raja of Vengi 1063/1068 and 1072/1075, the rule of Vijayaditya VII, the last king of the eastern Chalukya dynasty, witnessed an invasion of the Vengi kingdom by the Chedi King of Dahala, Yasahkarnadeva in 1073. Vijayaditya VII lost his kingdom and with his death in 1075 the eastern Chalukya dynasty came to an end; married and had issue.
Raja Saktivarman II (qv)
WESTERN CHALUKYA:
Ruled in the Western Deccan 973/1189 (TREE) - This branch of the Chalukyas are referred to as the "Western Chalukyas", and ruled from their capital of Kalyana or Kalyani. In 1189, the Empire succumbed to the Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra and the Yadavas of Yadugiri.
Raja Tailapa II [Ahavamalla], Raja of Kalyani 973/997, founder of the later Western (Kalyani) Chalukyas, he consolidated his realm with the help of the early Chalukya family and with the help of Kadambas and recovered much of the lost territories of earlier Chalukyas. He overthrew the Rashtrakutas and recovered most of the Chalukya empire, except for Gujarat. Kalyani was the capital of the empire, and the Chalukyas of this period are known as the Kalyani Chalukyas, he also defeated the Chola ruler in 980, and later the Paramara king of Malwa, who died in captivity, he defeated the Ganga dynasty and the Shilaharas of South Konkana, and in 992 inflicted a heavy loss on the Chola ruler, he married (amongst others)(a), Rani Jakabba, daughter of Rashtrakuta Rao Bhammaha, and had issue.
Raja Satyahsraya [aka Irivabedanga] (qv)
Raja Dasavarma (qv)
Raja Satyashraya, Raja of Kalyani 997/1008, though the Paramara ruler regained the territories lost earlier, he won a victory against King Rajaraja Chola who had invaded Satyasraya's region as well as the Shilahara ruler of north Konkana, he invaded Vengi in 1006 but was compelled to return to the western Deccan, married and had issue.
Raja Vikramaditya V (qv)
Raja Ayyana
Raja Jayasimha II [aka Jagadekhamalla I and Mallikamoda] (qv)
Rani Akka Devi
Raja Dasavarman, Raja of Kalyani in 1008
Raja Vikramaditya V, Raja of Kalyani 1008/1014
Raja Ayyana, Raja of Kalyani 1014/1015
Raja Jayasimha II, Raja of Kalyani 1015/1042, he repelled invasions from the north by the Paramara king of Malwa who annexed the northern Konkan and Lata for a few years and the southern invasion from the Chola King Rajendra, occupied parts of Vengi in 1018, but was defeated at Maski, he moved his capital from Malkhed to Kalyana (in Bidar), he managed to recover all his lost territory by about 1024; married and had issue.
Raja Somesvara I [aka Ahavamalla or Trilokamalla] (qv)
Rao Jayasimha (III), he was killed at the Battle of Koppam in 1054.
Rajkumari (name unknown), married Raja Bhillama III, the Yadava Raja of Devagiri.
Raja Somesvara I, Raja of Kalyani 1042/1068, he founded the city of Kalyani and moved his kingdom to that location, he was defeated by the Chola forces at the Battle of Dannada on the Krishna river, further defeats occurred and the Chalukya capital was occupied in about 1045, however he managed to strike back and defeat the Chola forces and drive them out of Chalukya territories by 1050, he increased his influence in the Eastern Chalukya kingdom, and made raids into Chola lands who retaliated at the Battle of Koppam in 1054, and defeated him, he suffered another defeat in 1066 on the western front, and later near Vijayawada in the east, married (a), Rani Sattiyavvai, married (b), Rani Sangappai, and had issue. He committed suicide by drowning in the Tungabhadra River at Kuruvatti on 29th March 1068.
Raja Somesvara II (qv)
Raja Vikramaditya VI Permadideva Tribhuvanamalla (qv)
Rao Jayasimha(IV), rebelled briefly and unsuccessfully against his brother.
Raja Somesvara II, Raja of Kalyani 1068/1076 (deposed), installed on the Chalukyan throne in April 1068. Soon after a dispute broke out between him and his younger brother Vikramaditya and a civil war ensued in the Western Chalukya country, in which he suffered major losses and he had to cede the southern part of his kingdom (Gangavadi) to his brother, who eventually deposed him in 1076.
Raja Vikramaditya VI Permadideva Tribhuvanamalla, Raja of Kalyani 1076/1126, noted for his patronage of arts and letters, he conquered the Cholas, Keralas and Sri Lanka, and as an army leader of his brother, he received submission from the ruler of Konkan, and soon marched against Vira Rajendra Chola, the latter sued for peace by giving his daughter in marriage, in 1085 he seized Kanchi from the Cholas and in 1088 he conquered major parts of the Vengi Kingdom, which changed hands in 1099 and back again in 1118; in 1116 his ally, Raja Vishnuvardhana, King of the Hoysalas, changed sides and made inroads into Chalukya territory but was driven out, and submitted in 1123, at his peak he controlled a vast empire stretching from the Tumkur district and Cuddapah in the south to the Narmada river in the north, and up to the Khammam district and the Godavari district in the east and south-east; he married (amongst others) (a), a daughter of Raja Rajakesari Virarajendra Chola, married (b), Rani Chandala Devi Abhinava Saraswati, a princess from the Shilahara ruling family of Karad, she was titled Abhinava Saraswati for her skills as an artist, married (c), Rani Kethala Devi she administered the Siruguppa region, married (d), Rani Savala Devi, she administered an Agrahara in Naregal, and had issue. He died 1126.
Raja Somesvara III (qv)
Rajkumari Maila Devi, married to Raja Jayakeshi II Kadamba of Goa.
Rajkumari Nagaladevi, married Raja Permadi Kalachuri, Raja of Karnataka 1118/1130, and had issue.
Raja Bijjala Kalachuri (qv)
Raja Somesvara III, Raja of Kalyani 1126/1138, was more interested in literary matters and allowed Vishnuvardhana Hoysala to take an opportunity to declare independence; married and had issue. He died 1138.
Raja Jagadhekamalla II (qv)
Raja Tailapa III (qv)
Raja Jagadhekamalla II, Raja of Kalyani 1138/1151, during his reign the Hoysalas invaded Chalukya territory.
Raja Tailapa III, Raja of Kalyani 1151/1164, he was captured by the Kakatiya invader Prola I and his commander-in-chief, Bijjala Kalachuri usurped the throne; married and had issue.
Raja Somesvara IV (qv)
Raja Bijjala Kalachuri, Raja of Karnataka 1130/1168 and Raja of Kalyani 1164/1168, strengthened the position of his kingdom, which saw rapid succession after his reign.
Raja Somesvara IV, Raja of Kalyani 1168/1177, the Chalukyas were able to recover their territory under the leadership of Somesvara IV, the son of Tailapa III. His suzerainty was acknowledged by the last Kalachuri ruler Singhana. He soon gained allegiance of Kadambas of both Goa and Banavasi, and Pandyas of Uchchangi. With the attack from the Hoysalas under Vira Ballala I and the Yadavas of Devagiri, the later Western Chalukya dynasty came to and end in about 1189.
Raja Sankama II, Raja of Kalyani 1177/1180
Raja Ahavamalla, Raja of Kalyani 1180/1183
Raja Singhana, Raja of Kalyani 1183/1184, he ruled peacefully in succession.
Raja Jagadhekamalla III, Raja of Kalyani 1163/1183
Raja Somesvara IV, Raja of Kalyani 1184/1200
SOURCE: 1. "Hand Book On Rajputs" by Captain A.H. Bingley. Asian Educational Services. New Delhi. 1986.
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