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2.2 overview.pdfThis internal is worth 3 credits and will be due at the end of week 4 term 3.
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Here are the teaching slides for this topic
Here are the teaching slides for this topic
This internal builds off the organics topic which we have just covered. It uses a number of tests to identify the functional groups of unknown species. We will be analyzing a commercial product in this internal as we link the results of the practical experiments to the real world.
Introduction
Introduction
You should be familiar with the main organic functional groups:
You should be familiar with the tests needed to identify certain functional groups:
Amines
Amines
Identifying amines functional group
Amine is an - NH2 group
You identify amine by adding copper sulfate (light blue colour). If the solution turns dark blue then an amine is present, forming a precipitate.
Amines are basic so they will turn red litmus blue and make universal indicator turn blue.
The product is a complex copper ion where 4 of the amine molecules will join to the copper ion.
Alcohols
Alcohols
Identification of an Alcohol
Alcohol has an -OH group attached.
When you react an alcohol with an oxidant either permanganate (MnO4-) or dichromate (Cr2O7-2)
An oxidation reaction occurs as the alcohol converts into a carboxylic acid. You need to acidify the oxidant by adding sulfuric acid (H+)
Only primary alcohols will react and be converted into carboxylic acids.
Example Experiment
Ethanol + Acidified permanganate —> Ethanoic Acid
CH3CH2OH + MnO4-1/H+ —> CH3COOH
Colour change: Purple to colourless
Type of reaction: Oxidation
Carboxylic Acid
Carboxylic Acid
Identifying a carboxylic acid
Has a COOH functional group
It has an acid in it so it will turn blue litmus paper into red and go red/orange in universal indicator.
When an acid reacts with a carbonate it will form a salt, water and carbon dioxide. We will observe this by seeing bubbles of gas being produced.
Example Experiment:
This proves a ethanoic acid is an acid and ethanol is neutral. The reaction of an acid with a carbonate is an example of an acid/ base reaction also known as a neutralisation reaction.
Alkene
Alkene
Has a double bond functional group.
An alkene will react with Bromine water to make a dihaloalkane. It does this by breaking the double bond and adding a Br to both carbons involved in the double bond.
We know the reaction has happened because the orange/ brown Bromine will decolourise quickly.
This is known as an addition reaction.
Summary sheet
Summary sheet
Significance
Significance
Intro
What is it?
Where does it come from (how is it made)?
Full structure (identify any functional groups)
Where did you get this information?
Significance to people
Why do people use it?
Benefits?
Disadvantages?
Where did you get this information?
Biochemistry
Is it converted to any other compounds in the body?
How is it processed and eliminated from the body?
Other biochemistry?
Where did you get this information?
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