FANTASY

What is Fantasy?

Fantasy is a genre of fiction set in a fictional universe. Fantasy has existed for centuries, its roots can be found in the oral tradition of storytelling that developed into the recorded works of ancient myths, legends, and fairy tales we know today. Fantasy is often described as an escapist genre but if fact fantasy often attempts to engage our reality in new and startling ways.

Fantasy typically features the use of magic or other supernatural phenomena in the plot, setting, or theme. Magical or mythological creatures often feature, as well as races other than humans, such as elves, dwarves and goblins. Fantasy works often come as a series of novels that are interlinked as writers of fantasy fiction invest a lot of time into creating their imaged worlds and continue to develop them and the characters who interact with them.

Fantasy works incorporate powerful storylines, the creation of a world and characters that are believable, an urgent plot and a conflict so daunting that the reader cannot pull themselves away. The reader invests in the story with their imagination, living the story and participating in its making and meaning.

The course toward modern fantasy, began in the Victorian era when writers began developing their own distinct fantastical worlds, rather than building on established cultural tradition. George MacDonald’s The Princess and the Goblin and Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland are two of the most influential Victorian fantasies. J. R. R. Tolkien, author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, is credited with revolutionizing the genre by drawing it beyond the realm of children’s literature and winning over an adult audience.

Fantasy vs. Science Fiction

Fantasy fiction is frequently confused with science fiction, which might incorporate some of the same tones and themes, but the plot of a science fiction story will also rely on technology that is advanced beyond what we know today. Like science fiction, fantasy transports the reader to another world. The difference lies in the ways in which the world has come to be. Where science fiction focus’ on the hypothetical, fantasy worlds are often a re-creation of our own not an altered version. Fantasy worlds are clean and whole, somewhere for the reader to live for the duration of the story.

The Star Wars movies are an example on an ongoing debate between science fiction and fantasy. Star Wars combines aspects of both, it takes place in another galaxy, has mythical creatures as characters and the plot centers on science (space travel, weaponry and other technology that humankind has yet to invent) but also contains good vs. evil themes and fairy tale of mythological aspects found more in fantasy.

Introducing the Fantasy World

Novels that begin and end in a fantasy world. (High fantasy)

For example:

  • The Hobbit
  • A Wizard of Earthsea

Novels that start in the real world and move into a fantasy world. (Like through a portal.)

For example:

  • Alice in Wonderland
  • Peter Pan

Novels that are set in the real world but elements of magic intrude upon it. (Low fantasy)

For example:

  • Mary Poppins
  • David Almond’s Skellig

Defining Traits of the Genre

STORY

Fantasy fiction strives to get the reader caught up in the story, free their imagination and allow them for a brief time to live in another world. An essential quality of a fantasy story is to create a world and characters so believable, a plot so urgent and a conflict so daunting that the reader cannot separate from it. Drawing the reader in through their imagination, fantasy aims to have them participate in the making and meaning of the story.

CHARACTER

Tied directly to the importance of the story are the characters. While the story offers lessons in experience, we as readers obtain those lessons through the experiences of the characters. Characters pull the story along and while these characters may not always be human it is important that they are like us, the reader. The reader is not meant to take a detached perspective but enter the story by seeing traits of similarities of their own within the characters themselves.

Characters often have general traits that might apply to any one of us. This allows us to enter into the story via the characters. Commonly found in fantasy fiction is a naïve character that retains their sense of innocence. They avoid having any worldly or political alliances and have not yet become cynical or spoiled by the world around them. This character instead maintains a wide-eyed openness to engage in the adventure before them and can grow and develop the most through their experiences and the lessons they learn along the way.

ANOTHER WORLD

The importance of fantasy fiction taking readers to another world or a world built on our own is key to the genre. But layered upon this fictional reality is the readers reality, characters need to confront the same terrors, choices and dilemmas that the reader might have. The building of the world goes beyond having users suspend their disbelief and pretending that it is real and edges the their minds closer to a place where the world is real somewhere.

GOOD VS. EVIL

Fantasy is a diverse genre and so there are bound to be exceptions to this point but on a whole the conflict between good and evil remains an essential defining trait of the genre. In fantasy fiction there is a strong sense of right and wrong, good versus evil and the drive to act or make decisions based on those choices. Often the character does not know for certain if their actions will fall on the correct side until they have made them. Fantasy reminds us that these things must be worked towards and one does not exist without the other.

In fantasy fiction the actions of the characters helps to clarify what good is but also, that doing the right thing may not always save us from pain or sorrow. The end to a successful story is not simply joy but a joy distilled from the experience of tough choices or errors in our actions that allow us to understand the shades of good and evil alike.

A QUEST

Unlike the whimsical frolic of an adventure, a quest is a serious undertaking by someone who has been appointed to the mission. While an adventure may lead anywhere a quest is always moving toward something, even if that something is not always clear. Quests are a serious undertaking in which the character must call upon their willpower to push forward. Quests usually are a result of a threat to the status quo and pursued in order to recover that state.

FIGHT WORTH FIGHTING

In the end Fantasy literature never denies that evil exists but promotes that even the feeblest of creatures can individually confront it. Fantasy believes that confronting evil is worth the risk and takes an optimistic view that life is worth living and the human spirit will endure, no matter how flawed.

READER AS BELIEVER

Well a good storyteller is always essential for capturing a readers interest in fantasy there is a greater emphasis placed on the imaginative willingness of the reader. Fantasy readers must set aside what they know to be true and allow the rules to be broken for the sake of the story.

Here is an example of some of the Fantasy sub-genres. Knowing the overlying genre is key to pinning down the exact sub-genre that interests your reader, this will be helpful when you perform your Reader’s Advisory Interview.

HIGH FANTASY

Fully developed new world

LOW FANTASY

Real world with magical elements

EPIC FANTASY

Series/Unfolds over many books/Large cast of characters

COMING-OF-AGE

Journey from youth to adult

MAGICAL REALISM

Magic is part of the real world, either hidden or overt

STEAMPUNK

Industrial setting/Steam powered technology that seems magical

LEGEND-RETELLING

Inspired by legend or myth/Reinvented story

XUXIA

Martial arts/Heroes/Honor/Set in reimagined Imperial China

HARD FANTASY

Highly detailed/Complex story/ Focuses on world development

FANTASY OF MANNERS

Witty dialogue/Focus on social aspects/Class/Hierarchy

BANGSIAN

Ghosts/Afterlife/Comedic/Famous Literary and Historical figures

ETC.

Examples of Fantasy

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank L. Baum

When a tornado rips through Kansas, Dorothy and her dog, Toto, are whisked away in their house to the magical land of Oz. They follow the Yellow Brick Road toward the Emerald City to meet the Wizard and complete Dorothy's quest to return home.

Watership Down by Richard Adams

Watership Down is the tale of a group of rabbits in search of a home. Fiver, a small, young rabbit, has a gift: He can tell when things are going to happen. When he receives a frightening vision of his warren's imminent destruction and are unable to convince their chief rabbit to evacuate, a group of rabbits set out on their own to find a safe place to live.

Lord of the Rings Series by J.R.R. Tolkien

A young Hobbit named Frodo is pushed into a quest when he is appointed to the job of destroying the one ring created by the dark lord Sauron. It's not going to be an easy journey for the Fellowship of the Ring, on the ultimate quest to rid Middle-Earth of all evil.

A Song of Fire and Ice by George R. R. Martin

The king dies and civil war breaks out in Westeros with several houses vying for the Iron Throne and control of the Seven Kingdoms. in Essos, Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled daughter and last surviving heir to House Targaryen builds her army to take back what is her birthright. While house Stark fights to protect family and the north from something much worse.

Neverwhere by Neil Gaiman

Richard Mayhew is in London and finds an injured girl who he stops to help. His goodwill, however, has unforeseen and strange consequences. In order to figure out what is happening to him, Richard sets out to find the girl that started it all, thus putting him on a collision course with a very odd destiny.

Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling

Harry Potter thinks he is an ordinary boy but at the age of eleven he discovers that is actually a wizard. Harry enters the wizarding world and begins to learn about his abilities, while at the same time gaining insight into his mysterious past and the evil that sent him into hiding in the first place.

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