Drug delivery systems can be defined as approaches and modalities designed to transport therapeutic entities in the body to provide stable and controllable blood levels over time to minimize the number and amount of doses, and thereby prevent adverse side effects by modifying absorption, distribution, metabolism, and clearance of a drug. This may involve enhanced bioavailability, improved systemic pharmacokinetics, site-specific targeting in the body, or improved patient compliance. Drug delivery has become a multidisciplinary science involved with pharmaceutical science biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine.
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems can help to dissolve a drug with poor water solubility thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug, to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to a specific site of disease such as cancer while reducing unwanted distribution in other healthy tissues, and to increase systemic circulation time. Furthermore, nanocarriers can also address a number of problems unsolved by classical drug delivery systems, including formulation issues, penetration of cellular membrane, multidrug resistance, limited accessibility to the brain, and lack of target specificity.