Mp Group Azerbaijan //TOP\\

Azerbaijanis (/zrbadni, -ni/; Azerbaijani: Azrbaycanllar, ), Azeris (Azerbaijani: Azrilr, ), or Azerbaijani Turks (Azerbaijani: Azrbaycan Trklri, )[45][46][47] are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Azerbaijan region of northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are predominantly Shia Muslims.[42] They comprise the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the second-largest ethnic group in neighboring Iran and Georgia.[48] They speak the Azerbaijani language, belonging to the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages.

Ancient residents of the area spoke Old Azeri from the Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.[78] In the 11th century AD with Seljuq conquests, Oghuz Turkic tribes started moving across the Iranian Plateau into the Caucasus and Anatolia. The influx of the Oghuz and other Turkmen tribes was further accentuated by the Mongol invasion.[79] These Turkmen tribes spread as smaller groups, a number of which settled down in the Caucasus and Iran, resulting in the Turkification of the local population. Over time they converted to Shia Islam and gradually absorbed Azerbaijan and Shirvan.[80]

Mp Group Azerbaijan

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A 2014 study comparing the genetics of the populations from Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, (which were grouped as "Western Silk Road") Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan (grouped as "Eastern Silk Road") found that the samples from Azerbaijan were the only group from the Western Silk Road to show significant contribution from the Eastern Silk Road, despite the overall clustering with the other samples from the Western Silk Road. The eastern input into the Azerbaijani genetics was estimated to be roughly 25 generations ago, corresponding to the time of the Mongolian expansion.[144]

A 2001 study which looked into the first hypervariable segment of the MtDNA suggested that "genetic relationships among Caucasus populations reflect geographical rather than linguistic relationships", with Armenians and Azerbaijanians being "most closely related to their nearest geographical neighbours".[152] Another 2004 study that looked into 910 MtDNAs from 23 populations in the Iranian plateau, the Indus Valley, and Central Asia suggested that populations "west of the Indus basin, including those from Iran, Anatolia [Turkey] and the Caucasus, exhibit a common mtDNA lineage composition, consisting mainly of western Eurasian lineages, with a very limited contribution from South Asia and eastern Eurasia".[153] While genetic analysis of mtDNA indicates that Caucasian populations are genetically closer to Europeans than to Near Easterners, Y-chromosome results indicate closer affinity to Near Eastern groups.[145]

In a comparative study (2013) on the complete mitochondrial DNA diversity in Iranians has indicated that Iranian Azeris are more related to the people of Georgia, than they are to other Iranians, as well as to Armenians. However the same multidimensional scaling plot shows that Azeris from the Caucasus, despite their supposed common origin with Iranian Azeris, "occupy an intermediate position between the Azeris/Georgians and Turks/Iranians grouping".[155]

Azerbaijanis are by far the largest ethnic group in The Republic of Azerbaijan (over 90%), holding the second-largest community of ethnic Azerbaijanis after neighboring Iran. The literacy rate is very high, and is estimated at 99.5%.[160] Azerbaijan began the twentieth century with institutions based upon those of Russia and the Soviet Union, with an official policy of atheism and strict state control over most aspects of society. Since independence, there is a secular system.

There are several Azerbaijani ethnic groups, each of which has particularities in the economy, culture, and everyday life. Some Azerbaijani ethnic groups continued in the last quarter of the 19th century.

In the group dance the performers come together in a semi-circular or circular formation as, "The leader of these dances often executes special figures as well as signaling and changes in the foot patterns, movements, or direction in which the group is moving, often by gesturing with his or her hand, in which a kerchief is held."[223]

Lezgins are a Caucasus people who speak Lezgin (which belongs to the north-eastern branch of Caucasian languages) and they live in the northern regions of Azerbaijan. Their population is estimated at 180,300 (2009 census). They comprise the largest ethnic minority group.

Armenians are the second largest minority group with a population of 120,300 (2009 census), living mainly in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. Some also live outside of Nagorno-Karabakh region, including Baku city. They speak Armenian, which belongs to the Indo-European linguistic family. Around 800.000 Azeris from Nagorno-Karabakh and other occupied territories were forced to flee and are now IDPs. Before the war Armenians were the largest minority. Today, more than 80 per cent of Armenians live in Nagorno-Karabakh and those who live outside that region are in a difficult situation.

Other minor ethnic groups whose populations are 15,000 or less (2009 census) are: Tsakhurs, situated primarily in Zakataly region; Georgians (9,900 living primarily in Gakh region); Kurds (6,100); Tats (10,900, based in the northern regions); Jews (9,100 living in Guba region and Baku city); and Udins (3,800, based mainly in the northern regions).

Azerbaijan is an immensely diverse country with more than 15 different ethnic groups comprising 8.4 per cent of the population. However, the proportion of minority communities in the country has been decreasing in recent years due to continued conflict and discrimination against ethnic minorities, as well as internal displacement.

In its fifth monitoring report, issued in 2016, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) expressed concern about the lack of criminal law provisions against incitement to violence or support for groups espousing racist views. Colour, language, citizenship and ethnic origin are not explicitly mentioned as protected characteristics.

Despite these restrictive state policies, a significant number of cultural centres have been established across the country with the aim of preserving the ethnic identity of certain minority groups. These were encouraged as part of the official 2016 Year of Multiculturalism. In addition, in regions with large concentrations of particular minority groups, there are club-based amateur societies, national and state theatres, amateur associations and interest-focused clubs.

NGOs reported authorities continued temporarily holding incommunicado and taking legal action against individuals associated with the unregistered group MUM. Authorities maintained the movement mixed religious and political ideology and said they were concerned about its ties to Iran. As in prior years, human rights advocates and other civil society activists characterized the charges as baseless and designed to preclude political activity.

On March 11, President Aliyev signed amendments to the religious freedom law that changed responsibility for appointing and reappointing religious leaders in all mosques in the country from the CMB to the SCWRA. The government stated the amendments were necessary to protect against foreign influence and prevent terrorism. Civil society groups said the changes gave the SCWRA excessive control over religious groups; human rights lawyer Asabali Mustafayev told Forum 18 the amendments violated the constitutional provision of separation of religion and state. Human rights groups criticized the amendments as lacking transparency and increasing restrictions on the exercise of freedom of religion or belief.

The Ambassador, the Charg, and other embassy officers engaged government officials to advocate the release of individuals that NGOs said were imprisoned for their religious beliefs. The Ambassador, the Charg, and other embassy officers also continued to press the government to implement a civilian alternative to military service for conscientious objectors, as stipulated in the constitution. They met with SCWRA officials to urge resolution of longstanding problems in the registration process for smaller religious groups and other obstacles faced by religious minorities. Embassy officers discussed with government policymakers at multiple levels the March changes to the religious freedom law and its related regulations, including how these might affect free exercise of religion. The Ambassador advocated at the highest levels of government for the protection of religious and cultural sites in the newly returned territories. The Ambassador consistently underscored to the Presidential Administration and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the importance of granting UNESCO representatives and international journalists unimpeded access to religious and cultural sites.

Other groups, often referred to as "friendship groups", do not receive administrative or financial support from the Parliament of Canada. These groups are not required to register their activities or membership with the Council, but they are encouraged to advise the International and Interparliamentary Affairs Directorate (at FGGA@parl.gc.ca )in order to assist those who might wish to contact them.

The campaign group said that restrictive laws continued to impede nongovernmental organizations from operating independently and that there are restrictions on media and systemic torture of prisoners.

An agreement was reached to organize a meeting of the working group on the solution of social, humanitarian, economic and infrastructure issues led by Azerbaijani Deputy Prime Minister Shahin Mustafayev with relevant representatives dealing with utility, health and other civil services in the area, including in Khankendi city, to determine the direction of further action and to establish a joint working group. 006ab0faaa